CEN/TC 162 - Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets

This document specifies a tomodynamometer cut test method and related calculations, for use on materials and assemblies designed for protective clothing, including gloves. The test determines resistance to cutting by sharp edges, such as knives, sheet metal parts, swarf, glass, bladed tools and castings.
When this document is cited as a test method in a material or product requirement standard, that standard contains the necessary information to permit the application of this document to the particular product.
This test does not provide data on the resistance to penetration by pointed objects such as needles and thorns, or the point of sharp-edged blades. The test described in this document is not considered suitable for testing materials made from chain mail and metal plates. The text of this document does not include provisions for the safeguard of the operator.

This document provides technical details for calculating predicted burn injury to human skin when its surface is subject to a varying heat flux, such as may occur due to energy transmitted through and by a garment or protective clothing ensemble exposed to flames. A series of test cases are provided against which the burn injury prediction calculation method is verified. It also contains requirements for the in situ calibration of the thermal energy sensor — skin injury prediction system for the range of heat fluxes that occur under garments.
The skin burn injury calculation methods as presented in this test method do not include terms for handling short wavelength radiation that may penetrate the skin. The latter include arc flashes, some types of fire exposures with liquid or solid fuels, and nuclear sources.

This document specifies the overall requirements, equipment and calculation methods to provide results that can be used for evaluating the performance of complete garments or protective clothing ensembles exposed to short duration flame engulfment.
This test method establishes a rating system to characterize the thermal protection provided by single-layer and multi-layer garments made of flame resistant materials. The rating is based on the measurement of heat transfer to a full-size manikin exposed to convective and radiant energy in a laboratory simulation of a fire with controlled heat flux, duration and flame distribution. The heat transfer data is summed over a prescribed time to give the total transferred energy. Transferred energy and thermal manikin protection factor (TMPF) assessment methods provide a means to quantify product performance.
The exposure heat flux is limited to a nominal level of 84 kW/m2 and durations of 3 s to 20 s dependant on the risk assessment and expectations from the thermal insulating capability of the garment.
The results obtained apply only to the particular garments or ensembles, as tested, and for the specified conditions of each test, particularly with respect to the heat flux, duration and flame distribution.
This test method covers visual evaluation, observation, inspection and documentation on the overall behaviour of the test specimen(s) before, during and after the exposure. The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
The heat flux measurements can also be used to calculate the predicted skin burn injury resulting from the exposure (see ISO 13506-2).
This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures such as those found in arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.
NOTE            This test method is complex and requires a high degree of technical expertise in both the test setup and operation. Even minor deviations from the instructions in this test method can lead to significantly different test results.

This document specifies the test method for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by sprays of liquid chemicals at two different levels of intensity:
a)       Method A: low-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing that covers the full body surface and is intended to be worn when there is a potential risk of exposure to small quantities of spray or accidental low-volume splashes of a liquid chemical.
b)       Method B: high-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing with spray-tight connections between different parts of the clothing and, if applicable, between the clothing and other items of personal protective equipment, which covers the full body surface and which is intended to be worn when there is a risk of exposure to sprayed liquid chemical.
This document does not apply to chemical permeation resistance of the materials from which the chemical protective clothing is made.

This document specifies requirements for knee protectors (kneeling systems (type 4)) and performance levels for use when working in a kneeling position in order to reduce injuries to the knees caused by continuous pressure and penetration. Requirements for the marking of kneeling systems and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other standards are applicable.
This document does not apply to knee protectors which are not attached to the body in use and that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.

This document specifies requirements for knee protectors (knee mats (type 3)) and performance levels for use when working in a kneeling position in order to reduce injuries to the knees caused by continuous pressure and penetration. Requirements for the marking of knee mats and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other standards are applicable.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.

This document specifies requirements for the individual combination (type 2) of knee pads with garments and performance levels for use when working in a kneeling position in order to reduce injuries to the knees caused by continuous pressure and penetration. Requirements for the marking of knee pads and garments as well as the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other standards are applicable.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.
In this part, requirements are given for a specific combination of an individual pad and accordingly designed garment; these forms of knee protection are thus subject to a joint examination.
A combination of a garment with a fixed sized knee pad pocket and fixed sized knee pad (interoperable pad) is described in EN 14404 4 and is excluded from this part.
The position of type 2 knee pads in or on trousers can be fixed or adjustable. The pads consist of foam plastic or other materials that are positioned in knee pockets of the garments or permanently fastened in or on the garments.

This document specifies requirements for interoperable knee pads to use in garments and for garments to use with interoperable knee pads and defines performance levels for use when working in a kneeling position in order to reduce injuries to the knees caused by continuous pressure and penetration. Requirements for the marking of the interoperable knee pad and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other standards are applicable.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.
In this document requirements are given for a combination of a garment with a fixed sized knee pad pocket and fixed sized knee pad (interoperable pad).
A specific combination of an individual pad and accordingly designed garment is described in EN 14404 3 and is excluded from this part.

This document specifies requirements for wearable knee protectors (type 1) and performance levels for use when working in kneeling position in order to reduce injuries to the knees caused by continuous pressure and penetration. Requirements for the marking of wearable knee protectors and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other standards are applicable.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.

This document specifies the test methods for knee protectors intended to protect the knee while working in a kneeling position.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.

This European Standard specifies the performance classification and test methods for materials used in chemical protective clothing, including gloves and footwear. The gloves and boots should have the same chemical protective barrier requirements as the fabric when an integral part of the clothing. This is a reference standard to which chemical protective clothing performance standards may refer in whole or in part, but this standard is not exhaustive in the sense that product standards may well require testing according to test method standards which are not included in this standard.
While these performance levels are intended to relate to the usage to which the chemical protective clothing is to be put, it is essential that the chemical protective clothing manufacturer or supplier indicate the intended use of the protective clothing and that the user (specifier) carries out a risk assessment in order to establish the correct performance level for the intended task.

This document specifies a test method for determining the liquid tightness of clothing for protection against rain, using a static manikin exposed to large amount of high energy droplets from above. It is applicable to the testing of jackets, trousers, coats and one- or two-piece suits.
This document is not applicable to the testing of garments for resistance to other weather conditions, e.g. snow, hail-, or strong winds.
NOTE            For general background of the rain simulation, see Annex A.

This document contains a list of terms which are frequently used in the standardization of protective clothing (5.1.4) and protective equipment worn on the body, including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, and definitions of these terms.
The definitions are intended to support an unambiguous use of the terms listed.
This document is intended to serve as a reference document for the Working Groups of CEN/TC 162 and ISO/TC 94/SC 13 to ascertain what definitions already exist and may be used for setting up new standards and to provide guidance in the elaboration of new definitions.
NOTE - In addition to text written in the official ISO languages (English, French), this document gives text in German. This text is published under the responsibility of the Member Body for Germany (DIN) and is given for information only. Only the text given in the official lan­guages can be considered as ISO text.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for the performance of garments for protection against the effects of cool environments above −5 °C (see Annex C). These effects comprise not only low air temperatures, but also humidity and air velocity.
Cold protective ensembles are excluded from this standard.
The protective effects and requirements of footwear, gloves and separate head wear are excluded from the scope of this standard.

This document specifies two complementary methods (method A and method B) for determining the behaviour of materials for heat protective clothing subjected to heat radiation.
These tests are carried out on representative single or multi-layer textiles or other materials intended for clothing for protection against heat. They are also applicable to assemblies, which correspond to the overall build up of a heat protective clothing assembly with or without underclothing,
Method A serves for visual assessment of any changes in the material after the action of heat radiation. With method B the protective effect of the materials is determined. The materials may be tested either by both methods or only by one of them.
The tests according to these two methods serve to classify materials; however, to be able to make a statement or prediction as to the suitability of a material for protective clothing additional criteria must be taken into account.
Since the tests are carried out at room temperature the results do not necessarily correspond to the behaviour of the materials at higher ambient temperatures and therefore are only to a limited extent suitable for predicting the performance of the protective clothing made from the materials under test.

This document applies to garments and assembly of garments providing protection against heat and flame, with integrated smart textiles and non-textile elements for enhanced health, safety and survival capabilities.
This document does not concern validating claims that the integrated smart textiles and non-textile elements substitute directly any protection provided by the garment from a heat and flame perspective.
The integrated smart textiles and non-textile elements could include not only the parts integrated into the protective garment but also connections to transmit the data generated or exchange data with external devices. It is not within the scope of this document to evaluate either the data storage or transmission (including connectivity) to the external devices, nor the external devices. This document evaluates only the smart textiles and non-textile elements integrated into the garment.
This document supplements the requirements of EN ISO 11612 and EN ISO 13688 and does not replace any of the requirements cited in those documents.
This document sets additional testing and performance requirements linked specifically to the garments and assembly of garments providing protection against heat and flame, with integrated smart textiles and non-textile elements for enhanced health, safety and survival capabilities. These additional requirements will depend on the functionality of the smart textiles or non-textile element and its needed efficacy during heat and flame hazards and risks from an electrical/electronic safety perspective in these situations.

This document gives information on the selection and use of personal protective equipment for the hand protection.
The application of this document requires that the risk assessment has been carried out and the hazards have been minimized accordingly through substitution and technical and organizational measures.
On this basis, this document contains information that supports employers in counteracting certain risks to hands that could not be sufficiently reduced by substitution and technical and organizational measures by selecting and using suitable protective gloves.
This document provides explanations on selection, usage and training applicable to protective gloves. The explanations concerning specific hazards are provided in annexes.
This guidance considers the following risks:
    mechanical, (see Annex A);
    chemical, (see Annex B);-    biological, (see Annex C);    thermal, (see Annex D and E);
    electrostatic discharge (see Annex F);
    ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination (see Annex G).
This guidance does not cover other risks, because pertinent international or national publications are available or because the relevant information was not available in ISO/TC 94/SC 13/WG 8. Risks not covered include e.g.:
    cuts and stabs by hand knives;
    use of chain saws (covered by ISO 11393-4:2018, Annex A);
    animal bites;
    needlesticks;
    electrocution;
    optical radiation;
    vibrations;
    electric fault arcs;
    firefighting (covered by ISO/TR 21808);
    sport.

This document specifies safety and in water performance requirements for construction, sizing, marking and information supplied by the manufacturer for swimming aids intended to ensure a degree of buoyancy to assist beginners with movement through the water while learning to swim or while learning part of a swimming stroke. It also gives methods of test for verification of these requirements.
This document applies only to swimming devices that are designed to be worn, to be securely attached to the body and which have either inherent buoyancy or can be inflated. It only applies to class B swimming devices intended to introduce the user to the range of swimming strokes.
It does not apply to class A or class C swimming devices, to pull buoys, swim rings, lifebuoys, buoyancy aids, lifejackets or aquatic toys.
This document is not applicable for products known as 'baby neck rings' aiming to keep the user's airways above the water level.

This document specifies safety requirements for design, sizing, materials, strength and in-water performance as well as provisions for marking and the information supplied by the manufacturer for swim seats. It also specifies the relevant test methods. This document is not applicable to products covered by EN 13138 1 and EN 13138 2.
This document applies only to swimming devices into which the user is placed and which have either inherent buoyancy or can be inflated or a combination of both. It only applies to class A swimming devices intended to introduce the user to the water environment. These swimming devices are only intended for children aged up to 36 months with a body mass less than or equal to 19 kg. It does not apply to class B or class C swimming devices, to pull buoys, lifebuoys, buoyancy aids, lifejackets or aquatic toys.

This document specifies safety requirements for construction, performance, sizing and marking for swimming devices intended to assist users with movement through the water in the early stages of water awareness, while learning to swim or while learning part of a swimming stroke. It also gives methods of test for verification of these requirements.
This part 2 of EN 13138 applies only to class C swimming devices that are designed to be held in the hands or by the body. Typical swimming devices include kick boards and pull/kick boards. These swimming devices are used to assist in learning to swim or to assist with swimming strokes and improving specific elements of the stroke, which have either inherent buoyancy or can be inflated.
It does not apply to pull buoys, swim rings, lifebuoys, buoyancy aids, lifejackets or aquatic toys.

2021-03-01 - Lack of compliance - publication on hold

This document specifies safety and in water performance requirements for construction, sizing, marking and information supplied by the manufacturer for swimming aids intended to ensure a degree of buoyancy to assist beginners with movement through the water while learning to swim or while learning part of a swimming stroke. It also gives methods of test for verification of these requirements.
This document applies only to swimming devices that are designed to be worn, to be securely attached to the body and which have either inherent buoyancy or can be inflated. It only applies to class B swimming devices intended to introduce the user to the range of swimming strokes.
It does not apply to class A or class C swimming devices, to pull buoys, swim rings, lifebuoys, buoyancy aids, lifejackets or aquatic toys.
This document is not applicable for products known as 'baby neck rings' aiming to keep the user's airways above the water level.

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the selection and application of both personal flotation devices (PFD) complying with the relevant Parts of the ISO 12402 series:2020, and immersion suits according to ISO 15027 (all parts):2012.
It is intended to assist manufacturers, suppliers, users and regulators in the appropriate selection and application of those garments for the circumstances in which they will be used.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the construction and performance of materials and components of personal flotation devices, as well as the relevant test methods.

This document specifies requirements, test methods, marking and information for protective gloves and other hand protective equipment’s against thermal risks for professional use, consumer, domestic use.
This document is also applicable to arm protective equipment.
It is used for all gloves and other hand protective equipment’s which protect the hands or part of the hand against heat and/or fire in one or more of the following forms: flame, contact heat, convective heat, radiant heat, small splashes or large quantities of molten metal.
This standarddocument is only applicable in conjunction with EN ISO 21420:2020.
This document doesn’tdoes not apply to gloves for fire-fighters or welding that have their own standards.

The purpose of this document is to assist employers (or the person who advises the employer such as suppliers of PPE or services, inspection, insurance companies, etc.) in taking the necessary decisions regarding the selection, use, care and maintenance (SUCAM) of advanced garments and ensembles of garments that provide protection against heat and flame, with integrated smart textiles and smart non-textile elements for enhanced health, safety and survival capabilities that are compliant with the European legislation.
This document supports developers and manufacturers in designing and producing garments with smart textiles and smart non-textile elements that will meet the user’s needs during the whole life cycle of the garment and comply with standard requirements set for protective clothing on use, care and maintenance up to and including the disposal of the protective gear.
This document is not exhaustive in addressing all the safety concerns associated with the use of compliant protective equipment for protection against heat and flames and other related risks.
It is essential not to construe this document as addressing all the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of this document by testing or repair facilities. It is the responsibility of the persons and organizations that use this document and any other standards or technical report related to PPE:
- to conduct a risk assessment at the workplace;
- to select the protective clothing and other PPE, including those with smart (intelligent) features, and to verify that the manufacturer has indicated the selected PPE to be suitable for the identified risks at the workplace;
- as well as to ensure that these provide a holistic protection, only when the compatibility has been assessed including understanding the workplace and the work environment to determine the properties of protective clothing against heat and flames to establish health and safety practices;
- to verify that the manufacturer has provided information for risk assessment of the potential risks that may occur due to the smart (intelligent) features in the intended working environment, and that the manufacturer has suggested measurements to compensate such new risks, whilst the employer has to ensure that these measurements are brought to action;
- and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to using this document for any designing, manufacturing, and testing.
This document is meant for all end users that are using smart garments for protection against heat and flame. It contains information that can also be useful to other people, such as manufacturers, designers, service providers and educators who may be confronted with smart garments used to protect against heat and flame risks although it will focus on the first four in the list below:
- petrochemical and chemical industry;
- welders and foundries;
- utilities (electrical, gas, water);
- firefighters and emergency response;
- sports (motor sports, boating, etc.);
- security forces (military, police and private).
It is essential that nothing herein restricts any jurisdiction from exceeding the minimum requirements as provided in the relevant standards.
This document is not intended to cover the aspects related to data security and privacy. For employers using smart garments that monitor and/or collect data, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679) and national regulations can apply. It is essential that the smart protective garments are selected, used, taken care and maintained in a way that will neither compromise the safety and privacy of the user nor the security of the enterprise or authority using the smart garment systems.

This document specifies the safety requirements for lifejackets, performance level 100. It is applicable to lifejackets used by adults, children and infants, for use in sheltered or calm water, or when the users are fully clothed.

This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for accessories used for personal flotation devices (PFDs).

This document specifies the safety requirements for buoyancy aids, performance level 50. It is applicable to buoyancy aids for adults and children with a body mass greater than 25 kg only, used in sheltered waters.
Buoyancy aids require active participation by the user where help and rescue are close at hand.
One-piece and two-piece inherently buoyant floatation suit PFDs are deemed to qualify as special application devices according to ISO 12402-6:2020.

This document specifies the safety requirements and additional test methods for special application lifejackets and buoyancy aids (hereafter named PFD) for adults, children or infants. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 12402‑2:2020, ISO 12402‑3:2020, ISO 12402‑4:2020 and ISO 12402‑5:2020, as applicable.

This document specifies the processes for evaluation of personal flotation devices for fulfilment of the requirements in ISO 12402‑2:2020 to ISO 12402‑6:2020, with which this document is intended to be used.
The classification of PFDs used in the ISO 12402 series:2020 is given in Annex A for information.

This document specifies the safety requirements for lifejackets, performance level 275. It is applicable to lifejackets for adults, children or infants, for offshore use under severe conditions, or when protective clothing is being used or additional loads are being carried.

This document specifies the safety requirements for lifejackets, performance level 150. It is applicable to lifejackets used by adults, children and infants, for general, offshore or rough water use, or when the users are fully clothed.

This document specifies minimum performance requirements for protective clothing designed to be worn during firefighting activities. The requirements detailed in this document cover design, heat and flame, mechanical, chemical, comfort, and visibility.
This document covers the general clothing design, the minimum performance levels of the material used, the methods of test to be used to determine these performance levels, marking and information supplied by the manufacturer.
This document makes distinction between firefighting activities dividing them into two performance levels based on a risk assessment:
-   Level 1: specifies the minimum requirements for firefighting clothing involving work associated with outdoor firefighting and their support activities, taking into account the environments and conditions of the expected operational scenarios of such firefighting activities.
The level 1 is not applicable for protection against risks encountered in fighting fires or rescue from fire activities in structures, unless combined to a level 2 or other specialized PPE.
-   Level 2: specifies the minimum requirements for firefighting clothing for risks encountered in fighting fires and rescue from fire in structures.
The distinction between Level 1 and Level 2 clothing is restricted to the requirements for heat and flame (X1 or X2 - Heat and Flame). These levels of protection can be reached by a single garment or a combination of separate garments.
Additional marking provides two grades of protection for Y (protection against water penetration) and Z (water vapour resistance). It is essential that these performance grades are indicated on the marking of the clothing and explained in the instructions for use.
This document does not cover protective clothing for wildland firefighting, specialized firefighting in a high amount of radiant heat where reflective clothing is required and/or advanced technical rescue operations dealing with hazardous chemicals, working with chainsaws and water and rope rescue.
This document does not cover protection for the head, hands and feet or specific protection against other hazards e.g. chemical, biological, radiological and electrical hazards. These aspects may be covered in other European Standards.

This document specifies methods of test and minimum performance requirements for personal protective clothing, designed to protect the wearer's body, except for the head, hands, and feet, that is worn during wildland firefighting and associated activities. This clothing is not intended to provide protection during fire entrapment. This document covers the general design of the garment, the minimum level of performance for the materials employed and the methods of test to determine these levels.
This document is not applicable to clothing for use in situations encountered in structural firefighting (EN 469 or ISO 11999-3), rescue (ISO 18639) or where a high level of infrared radiation is expected (ISO 15538 or EN 1486), nor does this document cover clothing to protect against chemical, biological, electrical or radiation hazards. This document does not provide protection against high mechanical risks such as for protection when using chain saws.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for ergonomics, innocuousness, comfort/sizing, restraint, ability to limit wrist extension and attenuate impact force on the palm as well as provisions for marking and instructions supplied by the manufacturer for wrist protectors for all users of snowboard equipment.
It does not apply to protectors used in roller sports, alpine skiing, or other sports. This document does not address protection for the forearm due to axial forces caused by an impact on the fingers or fist. Moreover, this document does not address protection against palmar flexion (terminal flexion) caused by an impact on the dorsal side of the hand.

This document specifies the general requirements and relevant test procedures for glove design and construction, innocuousness, comfort and efficiency, as well as the marking and information supplied by the manufacturer applicable to all protective gloves.
It can also apply to arm protectors and gloves permanently incorporated in containment enclosures.
Gloves and hand protectors such as mittens, pot holders and arm protection are covered by this document.
This document does not address the protective properties of gloves and therefore is not used alone but only in combination with the appropriate specific standard(s). A non-exhaustive list of these standards is given in the Bibliography.

This document specifies requirements for enhanced visibility equipment in the form of garments, or devices, which are capable of visually signalling the user’s presence.
The enhanced visibility equipment is intended to provide conspicuity of the wearer in medium risk situations under any daylight conditions and/or under illumination by vehicles headlights or searchlights in the dark.
Performance requirements are included for colour and retroreflection as well as for the minimum areas and for the placement of the materials in protective equipment.
This document is not applicable to:
-   high visibility equipment in high-risk situations, which is covered in EN ISO 20471 (for further information concerning risk situations, see Annex A);
-   visibility equipment specifically intended for the head, hands and feet, e.g. helmets, gloves and shoes;
-   equipment integrating active lighting, e.g. LEDs;
-   visibility for low-risk situations.

This document lists terms and definitions related to core terms in the field of smart garments providing protection against heat and flame (i.e. advanced garments and ensembles of garments as mentioned in the Introduction). It is intended to facilitate communications, for example, between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them.

This standard specifies the properties of protective clothing that minimize the risk of its entanglement or drawing-in by moving parts when the wearer is working at or near hazardous moving machines or devices. This standard does not include protective clothing against injuries by special moving machine parts for which specific standards exist, e.g. protective clothing for users of chainsaws.

This International Standard establishes minimum performance, classification, and labelling requirements
for protective clothing worn by operators handling liquid pesticide products as well as re-entry workers. Pesticide
handling includes application of diluted formulations, mixing and loading, and other activities such as cleaning
of contaminated equipment and containers. Protective clothing covered by this International Standard
includes, but is not limited to, shirts, jackets, trousers, coveralls, aprons, protective sleeves, caps/hats and
other headwear made with textile material, and material placed below knapsack/backpack sprayers. This
International Standard does not address items used for the protection of the respiratory tract, hands, and feet.
This International Standard does not address protection against biocides, fumigants or highly volatile liquids.

This document specifies a test method for the penetration resistance of gloves that protect against dangerous chemicals and/or micro-organisms.

This document specifies the test method for the determination of the resistance of protective glove materials to degradation by dangerous chemicals with continuous contact.
NOTE       Annex A gives information on interlaboratory test results on this method.
It is preferable that other tests used in addition to the evaluation of chemical resistance such as permeation resistance and penetration, as the chemical test do not provide sufficient information on the physical property changes affecting a glove during exposure to a chemical. It is necessary that the outside surface of the glove be exposed to the chemical.

This European Standard specifies the Sweating Torso as a method to
measure the coupled heat and mass transfer through protective clothing
in fire fighters’ specific conditions.
NOTE The Sweating Torso is developed to perform highly reproducible
laboratory tests for heat and mass transfer on clothing systems under
controlled conditions which are closely correlated to real conditions. The
Sweating Torso is a cylinder with the same size as a human trunk. The
layers of the measurement cylinder are made of compact Teflon,
polyethylene and aluminium. Due to this combination of materials,
transient processes can be modelled. Thus, changes in the skin and core
temperature can be simulated. The Sweating Torso contains a total of 54
independently-controlled sweating nozzles. In order to avoid any axial
heat loss, the cylinder has a heated guard at each end. The cylinder and
the thermal guards are heated electrically using heating foils. The
Sweating Torso can be run either with constant surface temperature or
with constant heating. The whole Sweating Torso is placed on a
precision scale to assess the evaporated and condensed amount of
water.

This European standard describes a thermophysiological model (thermal
human simulator) that uses the output data of the first part to obtain
physiological heat load criteria that predicts the (maximal) duration of
work in the protective clothing in fire fighters’ relevant conditions.
NOTE The human simulator method using the Sweating Torso (i.e.
coupling of the instrumented manikin with a thermo-physiological
feedback model) is validated for different scenarios by comparison to
human subject trials(1, 2). The scenarios also included warm and hot
environments as can be expected for firefighter applications. Core
temperature, being one of the most important physiological variables,
and mean skin temperature, which is a useful indicator of thermal comfort
sensation and of the overall condition of the body, are chosen as relevant
physiological parameters for the thermophysiological human simulator.

This document specifies the performance requirements, test methods, design requirements, identification and marking information for leg protectors that offer protection against cutting by hand-held chainsaws.

This document specifies the performance requirements, test methods, design requirements, identification and marking information for gloves that offer protection against cutting by hand-held chainsaws.
Guidance on chainsaw use and the selection of gloves is given in Annex A.