prEN 14361
(Main)Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis - Sampling from metal melts
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis - Sampling from metal melts
This document specifies criteria for sampling and gives guidance on the sampling from melts in order to verify if the chemical composition of the product fabricated from a metal melt is in conformance with the specification.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Chemische Analyse - Probenahme von Metallschmelzen
Dieses Dokument legt die Probenahmekriterien fest und gibt eine Anleitung für die Probenahme von Metallschmelzen, um zu prüfen, ob die chemische Zusammensetzung des aus einer Metallschmelze hergestellten Erzeugnisses mit der Spezifikation übereinstimmt.
ANMERKUNG Für die Probenahme von Erzeugnissen oder Laborproben siehe EN 14242 oder EN 14726.
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Analyse chimique - Echantillonnage du métal fondu
Le présent document spécifie les critères d’échantillonnage et fournit des lignes directrices sur l’échantillonnage des métaux fondus en vue de vérifier si la composition chimique du produit fabriqué à partir d’un métal fondu est conforme à la spécification.
NOTE Pour l’échantillonnage des produits ou des échantillons pour laboratoire, voir l’EN 14242 ou l’EN 14726.
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine – Kemična analiza – Vzorčenje iz topljene kovine
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine – Kemična analiza – Vzorčenje iz topljene kovine
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis - Sampling from metal melts
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Chemische Analyse - Probenahme von
Metallschmelzen
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Analyse chimique - Echantillonnage du métal fondu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14361
ICS:
77.040.30 Kemijska analiza kovin Chemical analysis of metals
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2024
ICS 77.120.10; 77.040.30 Will supersede EN 14361:2004
English Version
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis -
Sampling from metal melts
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Analyse chimique Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Chemische
- Echantillonnage du métal fondu Analyse - Probenahme von Metallschmelzen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 132.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14361:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Sampling from a melt . 5
4.1 General. 5
4.2 Sampling procedure . 5
4.3 Size and coating of the sampling ladle for sampling from liquid metal . 5
4.4 Form and size of the sampling mould and of the sample taken from liquid metal . 6
4.5 Sampling plan . 6
4.6 Preparation of tools for sampling from metal melts . 6
4.7 Requirements for a sound melt sample . 7
4.8 Check of the sampling equipment . 7
Annex A (informative) Example for sampling from metal melts . 8
European foreword
This document (prEN 14361:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium
and aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14361:2004.
EN 14361:2024 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 14361:2004:
— application of the latest template from CEN
— textual addition to the scope to make it more accurate
— new Clause 4.3 regarding the size and coating ladle for sampling from liquid metal
— textual addition in title of Clause 4.6
— change in title of Clause 4.8
— additional text to Clause A.3.1.3
— additional text to Clause A.3.2.1
— additional text to Clause A.3.2.2
— change in title of Clause A.3.3
— additional text to Clause A.3.3.1
— additional text to Clause A.3.3.2
— additional text to Clause A.3.3.5
— additional text to Clause A.3.3.8
Introduction
Melts of aluminium alloys are susceptible to segregation when solidifying. Cast products, therefore, have
concentration gradients. Axial and radial segregation profiles affect the representative sampling from
melts, cast products or laboratory samples. In the case of direct measurement of solid samples (e.g. spark
optical emission spectrometric analysis S-OES, or X-ray fluorescence spectral analysis XRF) measuring
signals are influenced by the morphology of solidification and cast structure of the sample.
This document provides requirements as well as recommendations for sampling from a melt to ensure
correspondence between the average chemical composition of the cast material and the average
composition of the test portion.
1 Scope
This document specifies criteria for sampling and gives guidance on the sampling from melts in order to
verify if the chemical composition of the product fabricated from a metal melt is in conformance with the
specification.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12258-1, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Terms and definitions — Part 1: General terms
EN 12258-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Terms and definitions — Part 2: Chemical analysis
EN 14242, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical analysis — Inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometric analysis
EN 14726, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Determination of the chemical composition of aluminium
and aluminium alloys by spark optical emission spectrometry
ASTM E1621, Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1 and EN 12258-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Sampling from a melt
4.1 General
The form and the size of a sample, the sampling plan, the preparation of the sampling tools and the
metallurgical criteria for a useful sample widely depend on local conditions, so this document can only
give certain required criteria.
4.2 Sampling procedure
As a part of the quality management system, the supplier of the metal (manufacturer) shall lay down and
maintain a sampling procedure which shall be in conformance with the requirements of this document
and shall reflect the special aspects of the casting line, the alloys to be cast and the equipment of the
analytical laboratory. Any sample of liquid metal shall be taken in conformance with this procedure.
An example for sampling from metal melts is given in Annex A.
4.3 Size and coating of the sampling ladle for sampling from liquid metal
The design of the sampling ladle shall be documented with dimensions and the material used.
The ladle design shall ensure that the sampling can be done in a safe and practical manner. The size and
dimension shall ensure a ladle capacity to fill the sampling mould, including filler and produce a sample
without casting defects.
The ladle should be lightly coated with a tightly adhering ladle wash that will serve in part to prevent
contamination of the sample and also prevent contact of molten aluminium with metal oxides, that is,
rust.
4.4 Form and size of the sampling mould and of the sample taken from liquid metal
The design of the sampling mould shall be documented with dimensions and the material used. The form
of the sample shall ensure, after sample preparation, a correct analysis. If S-OES is used, the sample shall
allow as many sparks as required according to preliminary tests and EN 14726, to guarantee the
compliances with specifications. If XRF is used, the sample shall have a clean, flat and uniform surface to
be exposed to X-ray beam according to ASTM E1621. If wet chemical analysis is used, the sample form
shall allow a portion of drillings, millings or small pieces to be taken that are known, by pre-testing to be
representative of the average composition of the whole sample (e.g. a longitudinal segment) according to
the requirements of EN 14242.
4.5 Sampling plan
A sampling plan shall specify:
— sample volume (defined by the sampling equipment);
— a procedure for pre-heating sampling equipment;
— number of samples to be taken including those sample(s) discarded for mould and ladle pre-heating;
— locations in the liquid metal container (e.g. furnace, crucible, trough or launder), in the cast product
where the samples shall be taken;
— timings in the melt holding or casting process when the samples should be taken.
NOTE Other specific sampling plans can be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The supplier of the metal shall verify with preliminary tests, that the metal at the sampling location is
sufficiently mixed so that the average chemical composition of the sample is representative of the average
chemical composition of the whole melt.
If the sample is taken from the trough or launder and any evidence exists that there might be variations
in the chemical composition of the liquid metal at particular phases of the cast, e.g. the beginning or the
end of the cast, then the samples shall be taken at such phases.
4.6 Preparation of tools for sampling from metal melts
Before each sampling, the tools shall be prepared in such a way that the liquid metal does not come into
contact with solidified aluminium, dross, moisture, iron or dust.
During the transfer from the melt to the sampling mould, the sampled liquid metal shall only come in
contact with suitable and appropriate materials which are proven not to react with the metal and thus
change the chemical composition of the sample.
NOTE Any metal sticking on the walls of the tools after solidification indicates the possibility of a chemical
reaction.
The filling of the sampling mould shall be done as quickly as possible and done at an even rate (see
A.3.3.3). The sampling mould shall be filled in one single operation without interruption. With one
drawing process only one sample shall be poured.
4.7 Requirements for a sound melt sample
After solidification the samples shall be complete. Samples shall be free from cracks, cold shuts, surface
irregularities, inclusions and shrinkage holes.
Special care shall be taken to make sure that segregation is minimized and reproducible. The supplier of
the metal shall demonstrate, e.g. by a series of tests, that, with regard to the subsequent sample
preparation and analytical procedure, the segregation is under control.
When S-OES or XRF measurements are performed, a periodic measurement of the sample size (thickness)
should be implemented in order to prevent any change in vertical position of the surface submitted to
analysis, as impacted by segregation.
4.8 Check of the sampling equipment
The sampling mould shall be periodically checked and repaired, if necessary. Residues in the sampling
mould shall be removed. Attention shall be paid that the specified dimensions of the sampling mould are
not being changed during repair.
The sampling ladle shall be periodically checked, recoated and repaired, if necessary. Checks and repairs
shall be recorded.
Annex A
(informative)
Example for sampling from metal melts
A.1 Principle
With a sampling ladle, a representative portion of molten metal is taken and poured into the sampling
mould. The laboratory sample is allowed to solidify, removed from the sampling mould, quenched, if
required, and identified. The sampling conditions obtained by pre-tests, which influence the
re
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