EN ISO 8894-1:2010
(Main)Refractory materials - Determination of thermal conductivity - Part 1: Hot-wire methods (cross-array and resistance thermometer) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Refractory materials - Determination of thermal conductivity - Part 1: Hot-wire methods (cross-array and resistance thermometer) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
This part of ISO 8894 describes the hot-wire methods (“cross-array” and “resistance thermometer”) for the determination of the thermal conductivity of non-carbonaceous, dielectric refractory products and materials.
This methods are applicable to dense and insulating refractories (shaped products, refractory castables, plastic refractories, ramming mixes, powdered or granular materials) with thermal conductivity values less than 1,5 W/m×K (“cross-array”) and less than 15 W/m×K (“resistance thermometer”) and thermal diffusivity values less than 5 x 10-6 m2/s.
Feuerfeste Werkstoffe - Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit - Teil 1: Heißdrahtverfahren (Kreuzverfahren und Widerstandsthermometer-Verfahren) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Dieser Teil von ISO 8894 legt die Heißdrahtverfahren (Kreuzverfahren und Widerstandsthermometer-
Verfahren) für die Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit in kohlenstofffreien, dielektrischen feuerfesten Erzeugnissen
und Werkstoffen fest.
Diese Verfahren gelten für dichte und wärmedämmende feuerfeste Erzeugnisse (geformte Erzeugnisse,
Feuerbetone, plastische feuerfeste Massen, Rammmassen, pulverförmige oder körnige Massen) mit Werten
der Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner 1,5 W/m ⋅ K (Kreuzverfahren) und kleiner 15 W/m ⋅ K (WiderstandsthermometerVerfahren)
sowie Werten der Temperaturleitfähigkeit kleiner 5 × 10−6 m2/s.
Die Werte für die Wärmeleitfähigkeit können von Raumtemperatur bis 1 250 °C bestimmt werden. Die Höchsttemperatur
von 1 250 °C darf bis zur maximalen Beanspruchungsgrenze des feuerfesten Erzeugnisses oder
bis zu der Temperatur, bei der das feuerfeste Erzeugnis nicht länger dielektrisch ist, reduziert werden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Messungen an anisotropen Werkstoffen sind im Allgemeinen schwierig durchzuführen, und die
Anwendung dieses Verfahrens für derartige Werkstoffe kann zwischen den betreffenden Parteien vereinbart werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Erzeugnissen mit hydraulischer oder chemischer Bindung kann durch die
beträchtliche Wassermenge, die nach dem Aushärten oder Abbinden zurückbleibt und während des Brennvorganges
abgegeben wird, beeinflusst werden. Diese Werkstoffe könnten daher eine Vorbehandlung erfordern; die Art und der
Umfang einer derartigen Vorbehandlung sowie die Zeit, für die der Probekörper vor der Durchführung der Prüfung der
Messtemperatur auszusetzen ist, sind Einzelheiten, die außerhalb des Anwendungsbereiches dieses Teils von ISO 8894
liegen und werden zwischen den betreffenden Parteien vereinbart.
Matériaux réfractaires - Détermination de la conductivité thermique - Partie 1: Méthodes du fil chaud (croisillon et thermomètre à résistance) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
L'ISO 8894-1:2010 décrit les méthodes du fil chaud («croisillon» et «thermomètre à résistance») servant à la détermination de la conductivité thermique des produits et matériaux réfractaires diélectriques non carbonés.
Ces méthodes s'appliquent aux produits réfractaires denses et isolants (produits façonnés, bétons réfractaires, réfractaires plastiques, pisés, matériaux pulvérulents ou granulaires) avec des valeurs de conductivité thermique inférieures à 1,5 W/m K («croisillon») et à 15 W/m K («thermomètre à résistance»), et des valeurs de diffusivité thermique inférieures à 5 10-6 m2/s.
Ognjevzdržni materiali - Ugotavljanje toplotne prevodnosti - 1. del: Metoda vroče žice (navzkrižnih žic in metode termometrske odpornosti) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Ta del ISO 8894 opisuje metode vroče žice (»navzkrižnih žic« in »metode termometrske odpornosti«) za ugotavljanje toplotne prevodnosti ne-karbonatnih, dielektričnih ognjevzdržnih izdelkov in materialov. Te metode se uporabljajo za kompaktne in izolacijske ognjevzdržne izdelke (oblikovane izdelke, ognjevzdržne odlivke, plastične ognjevzdržne izdelke, nabojne mešanice, materiale v prahu ali granulirane materiale) z vrednostmi toplotne prevodnosti manj kot 1,5 W/m•K (»navzkrižne žice«) in manj kot 15 W/m•K (»metoda termometrske odpornosti«), ter vrednostmi toplotne difuzivnosti manj kot 5 × 10-6 m2/s. Vrednosti toplotne prevodnosti je mogoče ugotavljati pri sobni temperaturi do 1 250 °C. Maksimalno temperaturo (1 250 °C) je mogoče znižati za maksimalno mejno temperaturo ognjevzdržnega izdelka, ali za temperaturo, pri kateri ognjevzdržni izdelek ni več dielektričen.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 993-14:1998
2JQMHY]GUåQLPDWHULDOL8JRWDYOMDQMHWRSORWQHSUHYRGQRVWLGHO 0HWRGDYURþH
åLFH QDY]NULåQLKåLFLQPHWRGHWHUPRPHWUVNHRGSRUQRVWL ,62
Refractory materials - Determination of thermal conductivity - Part 1: Hot-wire methods
(cross-array and resistance thermometer) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Einführendes Element - Haupt-Element - Teil 1: Teil-Titel (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Matériaux réfractaires - Détermination de la conductivité thermique - Partie 1 : Méthodes
du fil chaud (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8894-1:2010
ICS:
81.080 Ognjevzdržni materiali Refractories
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 8894-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2010
ICS 81.080 Supersedes EN 993-14:1998
English Version
Refractory materials - Determination of thermal conductivity -
Part 1: Hot-wire methods (cross-array and resistance
thermometer) (ISO 8894-1:2010)
Matériaux réfractaires - Détermination de la conductivité Feuerfeste Werkstoffe - Bestimmung der
thermique - Partie 1: Méthodes du fil chaud (croisillon et Wärmeleitfähigkeit - Teil 1: Heißdrahtverfahren
thermomètre à résistance) (ISO 8894-1:2010) (Kreuzverfahren und Widerstandsthermometer-Verfahren)
(ISO 8894-1:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 May 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 8894-1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 8894-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 "Refractories"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 993-14:1998.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 8894-1:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8894-1:2010 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8894-1
Second edition
2010-05-15
Refractory materials — Determination of
thermal conductivity —
Part 1:
Hot-wire methods (cross-array and
resistance thermometer)
Matériaux réfractaires — Détermination de la conductivité thermique —
Partie 1: Méthodes du fil chaud («croisillon» et «thermomètre à
résistance»)
Reference number
ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Principle.2
4 Apparatus.2
5 Test pieces .8
6 Procedure.9
7 Assessment of results .10
8 Calculation and expression of results .11
9 Precision.11
10 Test report.11
Annex A (informative) Data conversion of change in resistance to change in temperature .13
Annex B (informative) Examples of thermal conductivity measurements.18
ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 8894-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33, Refractories.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8894-1:1987), which has been revised to
include a hot-wire “resistance thermometer” method, as well as the hot-wire “cross-array” method and to
harmonize the text with that of EN 993-14:1998, Methods of testing dense shaped refractory products —
Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire (cross-array) method, prepared by CEN/TC 187.
ISO 8894 consists of the following parts, under the general title Refractory materials — Determination of
thermal conductivity:
⎯ Part 1: Hot-wire methods (cross-array and resistance thermometer)
⎯ Part 2: Hot-wire method (parallel)
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
Refractory materials — Determination of thermal
conductivity —
Part 1:
Hot-wire methods (cross-array and resistance thermometer)
1 Scope
This part of ISO 8894 describes the hot-wire methods (“cross-array” and “resistance thermometer”) for the
determination of the thermal conductivity of non-carbonaceous, dielectric refractory products and materials.
This methods are applicable to dense and insulating refractories (shaped products, refractory castables,
plastic refractories, ramming mixes, powdered or granular materials) with thermal conductivity values less
than 1,5 W/m⋅K (“cross-array”) and less than 15 W/m⋅K (“resistance thermometer”) and thermal diffusivity
−6 2
values less than 5 × 10 m /s.
Thermal conductivity values can be determined at a room temperature up to 1 250 °C. The maximum
temperature (1 250 °C) can be reduced by the maximum service limit temperature of the refractory, or by the
temperature at which the refractory is no longer dielectric.
NOTE 1 In general, it is difficult to make accurate measurements on anisotropic materials and the use of this method
for such materials can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2 The thermal conductivity of products with a hydraulic or chemical bond can be affected by the appreciable
amount of water that is retained after hardening or setting and is released on firing. These materials might therefore
require pre-treatment; the nature and extent of such pre-treatment and the period for which the test piece is held at the
measurement temperature as a preliminary to carrying out the test, are details that are outside the scope of this part of
ISO 8894 and are agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 3 The measurement of thermal conductivity is not sufficiently uncomplicated for an engineer to expect to
achieve correct results without having particular work experience and if the work is based exclusively on this standard.
Sufficient experience of measuring temperatures and laboratory skills are imperative.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
thermal conductivity
λ
density of heat flow rate divided by the temperature gradient
NOTE Thermal conductivity is expressed in watts per metre kelvin (W/m⋅K).
2.2
thermal diffusivity
a
thermal conductivity divided by the bulk density times the specific heat capacity
NOTE 1 a = λ/ρ ⋅ c
p
ISO 8894-1:2010(E)
where:
λ is the thermal conductivity;
ρ is the bulk density;
c is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure per weight.
p
2 −1
NOTE 2 Thermal diffusivity is expressed in units of square metres per second (m s ).
2.3
power
P
rate of energy transfer
NOTE Power is expressed in watts (W).
3 Principle
Both the hot-wire “cross-array” and “resistance thermometer” methods are dynamic measuring procedures
based on the determination of the temperature increase against time of a linear heat source (hot wire)
embedded between two test pieces which make up the test assembly.
The test assembly is heated in a furnace to a specified temperature and maintained at that temperature.
Further local heating is provided by a linear electrical conductor (the hot wire) that is symmetrically embedded
in the test assembly and carries an electrical current of known power that is constant in time and along the
length of the test pieces.
The increase in temperature as a function of time follows a logarithmic law, and is measured and recorded
from the moment the local heating current
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.