EN ISO 4545-1:2005
(Main)Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 4545-1:2005)
Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 4545-1:2005)
ISO 4545-1:2005 specifies the Knoop hardness test method for metallic materials, for test forces from 0,098 07 N to 19,614 N. The method is recommended only for indentations with diagonals greater than or equal to 0,020 mm.
Metallische Werkstoffe - Härteprüfung nach Knoop - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 4545-1:2005)
In diesem Teil von ISO 4545 ist das Verfahren für die Härteprüfung nach Knoop an metallischen Werkstoffen für Prüfkräfte von 0,098 07 N bis 19,614 N festgelegt. Das Verfahren wird nur für Eindrücke mit Diagonalen ³ 0,020 mm empfohlen.
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de dureté Knoop - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (ISO 4545-1:2005)
L'ISO 4545-1:2005 spécifie la méthode d'essai de dureté Knoop pour les matériaux métalliques, pour des forces d'essai comprises entre 0,098 07 N et 19,614 N. La méthode est recommandée seulement pour des empreintes de diagonales supérieures ou égales à 0,020 mm.
Kovinski materiali – Preskus trdote po Knoopu – 1. del: Preskusna metoda (ISO 4545-1:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
Kovinski materiali – Preskus trdote po Knoopu – 1. del: Preskusna metoda (ISO
4545-1:2005)
Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 4545-1:2005)
Metallische Werkstoffe - Härteprüfung nach Knoop - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 4545-
1:2005)
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de dureté Knoop - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (ISO 4545-
1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4545-1:2005
ICS:
77.040.10 Mehansko preskušanje kovin Mechanical testing of metals
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4545-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2005
ICS 77.040.10
English Version
Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method
(ISO 4545-1:2005)
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de dureté Knoop - Partie 1: Metallische Werkstoffe - Härteprüfung nach Knoop - Teil 1:
Méthode d'essai (ISO 4545-1:2005) Prüfverfahren (ISO 4545-1:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
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© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4545-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 4545-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164
"Mechanical testing of metals" in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 "Steel -
Mechanical testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4545-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4545-1:2005 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4545-1
First edition
2005-11-15
Metallic materials — Knoop hardness
test —
Part 1:
Test method
Matériaux métalliques — Essai de dureté Knoop —
Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
Reference number
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Test piece . 4
7 Procedure . 4
8 Uncertainty of the results . 5
9 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Procedure for periodic checking of the testing machine by the user . 7
Annex B (informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values . 8
Bibliography . 14
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4545-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee
SC 3, Hardness testing.
ISO 4545-1 cancels and replaces ISO 4545:1993, which has been technically revised.
ISO 4545 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials — Knoop hardness test:
— Part 1: Test method
— Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines
— Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
— Part 4: Table of hardness values
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
Introduction
The periodic checking of the testing machine described in informative Annex A is good metrological practice. It
is intended to make this annex normative in the next revision of this part of ISO 4545.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
Metallic materials — Knoop hardness test —
Part 1:
Test method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4545 specifies the Knoop hardness test method for metallic materials, for test forces from
0,098 07 N to 19,614 N. The method is recommended only for indentations with diagonals W 0,020 mm.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4545-2:2005, Metallic materials — Knoop hardness test — Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing
machines
ISO 4545-3:2005, Metallic materials — Knoop hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
ISO 4545-4, Metallic materials — Knoop hardness test — Part 4: Table of hardness values
3 Principle
A diamond indenter, in the form of a rhombic-based pyramid with angles α and β between opposite faces
respectively equal to 172,5° and 130° at the vertex, is forced into the surface of a test piece followed by
measurement of the long diagonal, d, of the indentation remaining in the surface after removal of the test force,
F (see Figures 1 and 2).
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
Figure 1 — Principle of the test and indenter geometry
Figure 2 — Knoop indentation
The Knoop hardness is proportional to the quotient obtained by dividing the test force by the projected area of
the indentation, which is assumed to be a rhombic-based pyramid, and having at the vertex the same angles
as the indenter.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 See Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2.
4.2 The following is an example of the designation of Knoop hardness.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
EXAMPLE
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol/
abbreviated Designation
term
F Test force, in newtons
d Length of the long diagonal, in millimetres
c Indenter constant, relating projected area of the indentation to the square of the length of the long
diagonal
β
tan
Indenter constant, c= , ideally c = 0,070 28
α
2tan
where α and β are the angles between the opposite edges at the vertex of the diamond pyramid (see
Figure 1)
HK Test force
Knoop hardness = Constant ×
Projected area of indentation
F F
= 0,102×= 1,451
cd d
NOTE Constant = 0,102= , where 9,806 65 is the conversion factor from kgf to N.
9,806 65
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing machine, capable of applying a predetermined force or forces from 0,098 07 N to 19,614 N, in
accordance with ISO 4545-2.
5.2 Indenter, a diamond in the shape of a rhombic-based pyramid, as specified in ISO 4545-2.
5.3 Measuring system, as specified in ISO 4545-2.
The optical portion of the measuring system should have Kohler illumination. See Annex A of ISO 4545-3:2005.
Magnifications should be provided so that the diagonal can be enlarged to greater than 25 % but less than
75 % of the field of view.
The measuring system should report the diagonal lengths in 0,1 µm increments.
NOTE A suggested procedure for checking the testing machine by the user is given in Annex A.
ISO 4545-1:2005(E)
6 Test piece
6.1 The test shall be carried out on a polished surface, which is smooth and even, free from oxide scale
and foreign matter and, in particular, completely free from lubricants, unless otherwise specified in product
standards The finish of the surface shall permit accurate determination of the diagonal length of the
indentation.
6.2 Preparation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the surface hardness, due to
excessive heating or cold work, for example, is minimized.
6.3 Due to the small depth of Knoop hardness indentations, it is essential that special precautions be taken
during preparation. It is recommended to use a polishing/electropolishing technique that is adapted to the
material to be measured.
6.4 No deformation shall be visible at the back of the test piece after the test.
6.5 For test pieces of small cross-section or of irregular shape, it may be necessary to provide some form of
additional support, for example, mounting in plastic material. The test piece shall be adequately supported by
the moun
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