EN 12428:2013

Industrial, commercial and garage doors - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for the calculation

1.1   General
This European Standard specifies a method for calculating the thermal transmittance of industrial, commercial and garage doors in a closed position.
The doors are intended for installation in areas in the reach of people, for which the main intended uses are giving safe access for goods, vehicles and persons in industrial, commercial or residential premises.
The doors may be manually or power operated.
This document applies to all doors provided in accordance with EN 13241-1.
The calculation can include different types of glazing, frames with or without thermal breaks, and different types of opaque panels and thermal bridge effects at the edge of the panel or joint between the glazed area, the frame area and the panel area.
This paper does not include the effects of solar radiation, heat transfer caused by air leakage, calculation of condensation, additional heat transfer at the corners and edges of the door connections to the main building structure, or thermal effects between the door and the main building structure.
1.2   Exclusions
It does not apply to:
-   lock gates and dock gates;
-   doors on lifts;
-   doors on vehicles;
-   armoured doors;
-   doors mainly for the retention of animals;
-   theatre textile curtains;
-   horizontally moving doors less than 2,5 m wide and 6,25 m2 area, designed principally for pedestrian use;
-   revolving doors of any size;
-   doors outside the reach of people (such as crane gantry fences);
-   railway barriers;
-   barriers used solely for vehicles.

Tore - Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient - Anforderungen an die Berechnung

1.1   Allgemeines
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Berechnung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von Toren in geschlossenem Zustand fest.
Die Tore sind für den Einbau in Zugangsbereichen von Personen hauptsächlich zu dem Zweck vorgesehen, eine sichere Zufahrt für den Waren- und Fahrzeugverkehr sowie einen sicheren Zutritt für Personen zu Industrie-, Gewerbe- oder Wohnanlagen zu ermöglichen.
Die Tore dürfen hand- oder kraftbetätigt sein.
Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Tore nach EN 13241 1.
Die Berechnung kann auf unterschiedliche Verglasungsarten, Rahmen mit oder ohne wärmetechnische Trennung und verschiedene Arten von opaken Paneelen (nicht transparente Füllungen) angewendet werden, und sie berücksichtigt den Einfluss von Wärmebrücken am Rand des Paneels oder an der Fuge zwischen der verglasten Fläche, dem Rahmen und dem Paneel.
In diesem Dokument werden folgende Faktoren nicht berücksichtigt: Einflüsse aus der Sonneneinstrahlung, die durch Luftdurchlässigkeit verursachte Wärmeübertragung, das Tauverhalten, die zusätzliche Wärmeübertragung an den Ecken und Kanten der Verbindungen zum Tragwerk und thermische Wirkungen zwischen Tor und Tragwerk.
1.2   Ausnahmen
Diese Norm gilt nicht für:
-   Schleusentore und Docktore;
-   Türen in Aufzügen;
-   Türen in Fahrzeugen;
-   gepanzerte Türen;
-   Tore, die hauptsächlich zum Zurückhalten von Tieren vorgesehen sind;
-   textile Theatervorhänge;
-   horizontal bewegbare Tore mit einer Breite von weniger als 2,5 m und einer Fläche von weniger als 6,25 m2, die hauptsächlich für die Benutzung durch Fußgänger ausgelegt sind;
-   Drehtüren von beliebiger Größe;
-   Tore außerhalb der Reichweite von Personen (wie z. B. Schutzgitter für Portalkräne);
-   Eisenbahnschranken;
-   ausschließlich für den Fahrzeugverkehr verwendete Schranken.

Portes et portails équipant les locaux industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Transmission thermique - Exigences pour les calculs

1.1   Généralités
La présente norme Européenne spécifie une méthode de calcul du coefficient de transmission thermique des portes équipant les locaux industriels, commerciaux et les garages, en position fermée.
Les portes sont destinées à être installées dans des zones accessibles aux personnes dont l’utilisation principale prévue est de donner un accès sans danger aux marchandises, aux véhicules et aux personnes dans des locaux industriels, commerciaux ou résidentiels.
Les portes peuvent être manœuvrées manuellement ou motorisées.
Le présent document s’applique à toutes les portes prévues conformément à l'EN 13241-1.
Le calcul peut comprendre différents types de vitrages, des encadrements avec ou sans coupure thermique, et les différents types de panneaux opaques et les effets de pont thermique au niveau du bord du panneau ou de la jonction entre l’aire vitrée, l’aire de l’encadrement et l’aire du panneau.
Le présent document ne tient pas compte des effets du rayonnement solaire, du transfert thermique provoqué par les fuites d’air, du calcul de la condensation, du transfert thermique supplémentaire au niveau des angles et des bords de la porte, des fixations de la porte à la structure principale du bâtiment, ou des effets thermiques entre la porte et la structure principale du bâtiment.
1.2   Exclusions
Il ne s’applique pas :
-   aux portes d’écluses et portes de bassins ;
-   aux portes d’ascenseurs ;
-   aux portes de véhicules ;
-   aux portes blindées ;
-   aux portes principalement utilisées pour la retenue des animaux ;
   aux rideaux de théâtre ;
-   aux portes manœuvrées horizontalement ayant une largeur inférieure à 2,5 m et une surface inférieure à 6,25 m² principalement destinées à l’usage des piétons ;
-   aux portes tournantes quelle que soit leur dimension ;
-   aux portes hors d’atteinte des personnes (comme les barrières sur les portiques de grue) ;
-   aux barrières de passages à niveau ;
-   aux barrières destinées uniquement aux véhicules.

Vrata v industrijske in javne prostore ter garažna vrata - Toplotna prehodnost - Zahteve za izračun

Ta evropski standard podaja metodo za izračun toplotne prehodnosti vrat v industrijske in javne prostore ter garažnih vrat v zaprtem položaju. Vrata so namenjena za namestitev v območjih, kjer se gibljejo ljudje. Glavni namen uporabe vrat je, da v industrijskih, javnih in stanovanjskih prostorih dobrinam, vozilom in ljudem omogočajo varen dostop. Vrata se lahko upravljajo ročno ali električno. Ta dokument velja za vsa navedena vrata, ki so v skladu s standardom EN 13241-1. Izračun lahko vključuje različne vrste zasteklitve, okvirjev (s toplotnimi prekinitvami ali brez) ter različne vrste prosojnih plošč in učinkov toplotnih mostov na robu plošče ali spoja med zastekljenim delom, okvirjem in vratnim krilom. Ta dokument ne vsebuje učinkov sončnega sevanja, prenosa toplote zaradi puščanja zraka, izračuna kondenzacije, dodatnega prenosa toplote v kotih in na robovih zidov povezav vrat z glavno stavbno strukturo ali toplotnih učinkov med vrati in glavno stavbno strukturo.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Jan-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jul-2013
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 33 - Doors, windows, shutters and building hardware
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 33/WG 5 - Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 04-Jun-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 12428:2013 - Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for classification

Relations

• Replaces: EN 12428:2000 - Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for the calculation
• Effective Date: 02-Oct-2010

Overview

EN 12428:2013 (CEN) specifies a standardized calculation method for thermal transmittance (U-value) of industrial, commercial and garage doors in the closed position. The standard targets doors installed within reach of people and intended to provide access for goods, vehicles and persons. It supports consistent assessment of heat loss through doors (including combinations of glazing, frames and opaque panels) and is intended for products supplied in accordance with EN 13241-1.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and exclusions: applies to manual or powered doors covered by EN 13241-1. Excludes lock/dock gates, lift doors, vehicle doors, armoured doors, revolving doors, railway barriers, theatre curtains, and other specified types.
• Calculation principle: requires two-dimensional numerical analysis conforming to EN ISO 10211; based on the single-assessment method using length-related linear thermal transmittance (ψ) for joints and edges.
• U-value definition: total heat flow through the door divided by a reference temperature difference (20 °C) and door aperture area (W/m²K).
• Components considered: glazing types, frame designs (with/without thermal breaks), opaque panels, panel-to-frame joints, and thermal bridge effects at edges and joints.
• Cavities and glazing: treatment of cavities follows EN ISO 10077-2 rules; glazing U-values follow EN 673; cavity heat transfer represented by an equivalent thermal conductivity accounting for conduction, convection and radiation.
• Point thermal bridges & hardware: screws and hardware penetrating insulation must be accounted for; a pragmatic allowance of Utb + hc = 0.1 W/m²K can be used to include small thermal bridges and hardware effects when appropriate.
• Boundaries and assumptions: surrounding wall/floor treated as adiabatic for the door calculation; solar radiation, air leakage, condensation, corner effects at building connections and heat transfer between door and main structure are excluded.

Practical applications and users

• Manufacturers and product designers use EN 12428:2013 to predict door thermal performance during product development and to compare design alternatives (panels, glazing, frame details).
• Specifiers and architects reference the standard when selecting doors to meet building thermal performance targets or to provide inputs for whole-building energy models.
• Energy assessors and consultants use the calculated U-values as input for building heat-loss and energy-efficiency calculations.
• Test laboratories and compliance teams apply the method to demonstrate conformity with EN 13241-1 and to document declared thermal performance.

Related standards

• EN 13241-1 (product standard for doors)
• EN ISO 10211 (thermal bridges - detailed calculations)
• EN ISO 10077-2 (frames - numerical methods)
• EN 673 (glazing U-value)
• EN ISO 12631, EN ISO 6946, EN 12433 (terminology/definitions)

EN 12428:2013 provides a clear, reproducible approach to quantify thermal transmittance of industrial and commercial doors, helping stakeholders optimize designs for thermal performance and energy efficiency.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Tore - Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient - Anforderungen an die BerechnungPortes et portails équipant les locaux industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Transmission thermique - Exigences pour les calculsIndustrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for classification91.090Konstrukcije zunaj stavbExternal structures91.060.50Vrata in oknaDoors and windowsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12428:2013SIST EN 12428:2013en,fr,de01-julij-2013SIST EN 12428:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12428:20011DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12428
January 2013 ICS 91.060.50 Supersedes EN 12428:2000English Version
Industrial, commercial and garage doors - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for the calculation
Portes et portails équipant les locaux industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Transmission thermique - Exigences pour les calculs
Tore - Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient - Anforderungen an die Berechnung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12428:2013: ESIST EN 12428:2013

Thermal insulation related to buildings (energy efficiency) . 11 Bibliography. 14
the geometrical characteristics.  Clause 5 now defines the calculation method including information about boundaries, cavities, point bridges and the calculation method.  New Annex A informs about energy efficiency. This document is one of a series of performance standards identified within the product standard EN 13241-1. European Standards as well as relevant national regulations and standards will enable the actual exposure levels to be determined for the individual locations of the products. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Detailed calculations (ISO 10211) EN ISO 12631:2012, Thermal performance of curtain walling  Calculation of thermal transmittance (ISO 12631:2012) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12433-1:1999, EN 12433-2:1999, EN ISO 7345:1995 and EN ISO 6946:2007 apply. The thermal transmittance of glazing units, Ug, is defined according to EN 673 which does
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