EN 60099-1:1994
(Main)Surge arresters - Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters for a.c. systems
Surge arresters - Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters for a.c. systems
Applies, in particular, to surge arresters consisting of single or multiple spark gaps in series with one or more non-linear resistors.
Überspannungsableiter - Teil 1: Überspannungsableiter mit nichtlinearen Widerständen und Funkenstrecken für Wechselspannungsnetze
Parafoudres - Partie 1: Parafoudres à résistance variable avec éclateurs pour réseaux à courant alternatif
S'applique particulièrement aux parafoudres comportant un éclateur simple ou multiple en série, avec une ou plusieurs résistances variables.
Prenapetostni odvodniki - 1. del: Prenapetostni odvodniki z iskrišči z nelinearnimi upori za sisteme z izmenično napetostjo (IEC 60099-1:1991)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1998
3UHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNLGHO 3UHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNL]LVNULãþL]QHOLQHDUQLPL
XSRUL]DVLVWHPH]L]PHQLþQRQDSHWRVWMR ,(&
Surge arresters - Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters for a.c. systems
Überspannungsableiter - Teil 1: Überspannungsableiter mit nichtlinearen Widerständen
und Funkenstrecken für Wechselspannungsnetze
Parafoudres - Partie 1: Parafoudres à résistance variable avec éclateurs pour réseaux à
courant alternatif
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60099-1:1994
ICS:
29.120.50 9DURYDONHLQGUXJD Fuses and other overcurrent
PHGWRNRYQD]DãþLWD protection devices
29.240.10 Transformatorske postaje. Substations. Surge arresters
Prenapetostni odvodniki
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEI
NORME
IEC
INTERNATIONALE
99-1
INTERNATIONAL
Troisième édition
STANDARD
Third edition
1991-05
Parafoudres
Partie 1:
Parafoudres à résistance variable avec
éclateurs pour réseaux à courant alternatif
Surge arresters
Part 1:
Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
for a.c. systems
de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reserved
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99-1 ©IEC
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
Clause
SECTION 1: GENERAL
1.1 Scope
15 1.2 Normative references
SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS
2.1 Surge arrester
17 2.2 Non-linear resistor type gapped arrester
17 2.3 Series gap of an arrester
17 2.4 Non-linear series resistor of an arrester
2.5 Section of an arrester 17
2.6 Unit of an arrester
2.7 Pressure-relief device of an arrester
Rated voltage of an arrester 17
2.8
Rated frequency of an arrester 2.9
17 2.10 Disruptive discharge
2.11 Puncture
2.12 Flashover
2.13 Sparkover of an arrester
2.14 Impulse
2.15 Rectangular impulse
2.16 Peak (crest) value of an impulse
2.17 Front of an impulse 19
2.18 Tail of an impulse
2.19 Full-wave voltage impulse
2.20 Chopped voltage impulse 19
2.21 Prospective peak (crest) value of a chopped voltage Impulse
2.22 Virtual origin of an impulse 19
2.23 Virtual front time of an impulse (T1 )
2.24 Virtual steepness of the front of an impulse
2) 21
2.25 Virtual time to half value on the tail of an impulse (T
2.26 Designation of an impulse shape
2.27 Standard lightning voltage impulse
2.28 Switching voltage impulse 21
2.29 Virtual duration of the peak of a rectangular impulse
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99-1 ©IEC
Clause Page
2.30 Virtual total duration of a rectangular impulse 21
2.31 Peak (crest) value of opposite polarity of an impulse
2.32 Discharge current of an arrester
2.33 Nominal discharge current of an arrester
2.34 Follow-current of an arrester 23
2.35 Residual voltage (discharge voltage) of an arrester
23 2.36 Power-frequency sparkover voltage of an arrester
2.37 Impulse sparkover voltage of an arrester
2.38 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover of an arrester
23 2.39 Standard lightning impulse sparkover voltage of an arrester
2.40 Time to sparkover of an arrester
2.41 Impulse sparkover-voltage/time curve
2.42 Prospective current
2.43 Type tests (design tests)
2.44 Routine tests
23 2.45 Acceptance tests
25 2.46 Protective characteristics of an arrester
2.47 Arrester disconnector
SECTION 3: IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
3.1 Arrester identification 25
3.2 Arrester classification
SECTION 4: STANDARD RATINGS
4.1 Standard voltage ratings
4.2 Standard rated frequencies
4.3 Standard nominal discharge currents
4.4 Service conditions
4.4.1 Normal service conditions
4.4.2 Abnormal service conditions
SECTION 5: REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Power-frequency sparkover voltage 29
5.2 Standard lightning impulse sparkover voltage
5.3 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover vo ltage 29
5.4 Switching impulse sparkover voltage
5.5 Lightning impulse residual voltage 31
5.6 31
Switching impulse residual voltage
5.7 High-current impulse withstand 31
5.8 Long-duration current withstand 31
5.9 Operating-duty 31
99-1 ©IEC – 7 –
Page
Clause
5.10 Pressure-relief
5.11 Disconnectors
5.11.1 Disconnector withstand
5.11.2 Disconnector operation
SECTION 6: GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURE
33 Test samples and measurements 6.1
6.2 Power-frequency voltage tests
6.3 Wet tests
6.4 Artificial-pollution tests
SECTION 7: ROUTINE AND ACCEPTANCE TESTS
7.1 Routine tests
7.2 Acceptance tests
SECTION 8: TYPE TESTS (DESIGN TESTS)
8.1 General
8.2 Power-frequency voltage sparkover tests
8.3 Voltage impulse sparkover tests
8.3.1 General 41
8.3.2 Standard lightning impulse sparkover test
8.3.3 Lightning impulse sparkover-voltage/time curve test
43 8.3.4 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover test
8.3.5 Switching impulse sparkover-voltage/time curve test
8.4 Measurement of residual voltage 47
8.4.1 Lightning impulse residual voltage
8.4.2 Switching impulse residual voltage
8.5 Current impulse withstand tests
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 High-current impulse test
8.5.3 Long-duration current impulse test 53
8.6 Operating-duty test 57
8.7 Pressure-relief tests 63
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 High-current pressure-relief tests
8.7.3 Low-current pressure-relief tests 67
99-1 ©IEC — 9 —
Page
Clause
8.8 Tests of arrester disconnectors
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Current impulse withstand and operating-duty tests
69 8.8.3 Disconnector operation
Annexes
A Abnormal service conditions
77 B Typical information given with enquiries and tenders
Selection of the long-duration discharge class of heavy-duty
C
arresters
Typical circuit for a distributed-constant impulse generator for the
D
87 long-duration current impulse test according to 8.5.3
Typical circuit for operating-duty test according to 8.6 91
E
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99-1 © IEC
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
SURGE ARRESTERS
Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
for a.c. systems
FOREWORD
1) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees
should adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will
permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as
far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
This part of International Standard IEC 99 has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee
No. 37: Surge arresters.
It forms the third edition of IEC 99-1 and supersedes the second edition issued in 1970.
The text of this part is based on the following documents:
Six Months' Rule Reports on Voting
37(BC)23 and 23A 37(BC)28
37(BC)34 37(BC)36
37(BC)35 37(BC)37
37(BC)39 37(BC)42
37(BC)40 37(BC)43
37(BC)41 37(BC)44
Full information on the voting for the approval of this part can be found in the Voting
Reports indicated in the above table.
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IEC 99-1. Annexes B, C, D, and E are for
information only.
99-1 © IEC -13 -
INTRODUCTION
The major changes to the previous edition affect the following subjects:
measurement of residual voltage;
operating-duty test;
pressure-relief test;
standardized sparkover and residual voltages;
- addition of annex for information to be given on enquiries and tenders.
The changes introduced are limited to the agreed upon subjects. Additional work was not
considered due to the changing technology and the present limited use of gapped surge
arresters.
Appendix D of the second addition of this standard has been deleted and issued as a
separate Report, IEC 99-3.
The present developing gapless surge arresters using metal oxide resistors will be the
subject of the future IEC 99-4.
An application guide is under revision and will be published as IEC 99-5. It will supersede
IEC 99-1A.
IEC -15 -
99-1 ©
SURGE ARRESTERS
Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
for a.c. systems
SECTION 1: GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This part of International Standard IEC 99 applies to surge protective devices designed for
repeated operation to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits and to interrupt
icular, it applies to surge arresters consisting of single or
power-follow current. In part
multiple spark gaps in series with one or more non-linear resistors.
1.2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of International Standard IEC 99. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and pa rties to agree-
ments based on this pa rt are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain regis-
ters of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60: High-voltage test techniques.
IEC 71-2: 1976, rt 2: Application guide.
Insulation co-ordination - Pa
rt
IEC 99-3: 1990, Surge arresters - Pa 3: Artificial pollution testing of surge arresters.
SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this part, the following definitions apply:
2.1 surge arrester*: A device designed to protect electrical apparatus from high
transient voltage and to limit the duration and frequently the amplitude of follow-current.
The term "surge arrester" includes any external series gap which is essential for the
proper functioning of the device as installed for service, regardless of whether or not it is
supplied as an integral part of the device.
NOTE - Surge arresters are usually connected between the electrical conductors of a network and earth
although they may sometimes be connected across the windings of apparatus or between electrical
conductors.
This ty
pe of equipment may be called "surge diverter" in some countries.
99-1 ©IEC - 17 -
2.2 non-linear resistor type gapped arrester: An arrester having a single or a
multiple spark-gap connected in series with one or more non-linear resistors.
2.3 series gap of an arrester: An intentional gap or gaps between spaced electrodes
in series with the non-linear series resistor or resistors of the arrester.
2.4 non-linear series resistor of an arrester: The pa rt of the surge arrester which, by
its non-linear voltage-current characteristics, acts as a low resistance to the flow of high
discharge currents thus limiting the voltage across the arrester terminals, and as a high
resistance at normal power-frequency voltage thus limiting the magnitude of follow-
current.
2.5 section of an arrester: A complete, suitably housed part of an arrester including
series gaps and non-linear series resistors in such a proportion as is necessary to
represent the behaviour of a complete arrester with respect to a particular test.
2.6 unit of an arrester: A completely housed part of an arrester which may be
connected in series with other units to construct an arrester of higher voltage rating. A
unit of an arrester is not necessarily a section of an arrester.
2.7 pressure-relief device of an arrester: A means for relieving internal pressure in
an arrester and preventing explosive shattering of the housing following prolonged
passage of follow-current or internal flashover of the arrester.
2.8 rated voltage of an arrester: The designated maximum permissible r.m.s. value
of power-frequency voltage between its terminals at which it is designated to operate
correctly. This voltage may be applied to the arrester continuously without changing its
operating characteristics.
2.9 rated frequency of an arrester: The frequency of the power system on which the
arrester is designed to be used.
2.10 disruptive discharge: The phenomena associated with the failure of insulation
under electrical stress which include a collapse of voltage and the passage of current; the
term applies to electrical breakdown in solid, liquid and gaseous dielectrics and
combinations of these.
NOTE - A disruptive discharge in a solid dielectric produces permanent loss of electrical strength; in a
liquid or gaseous dielectric the loss may be only temporary.
2.11
puncture: A disruptive discharge through a solid.
2.12 flashover: A disruptive discharge over a solid su rface.
2.13 sparkover of an arrester: A disruptive discharge between the electrodes of the
gaps of an arrester.
99-1 ©IEC - 19 -
2.14 impulse: A unidirectional wave of volta
...
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