EN IEC 60099-5:2018
(Main)Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
NEW!IEC 60099-5:2018 is available as IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60099-5:2018 provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the selection and application of surge arresters to be used in three-phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure – rated 52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In Annex J, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed. Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter to which most users have paid a lot of attention to when selecting the type and rating. Typical maximum residual voltages are given in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the requirements on system reliability and design are sufficiently uniform, so that the recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting from prior practice may be continued. Annexes H and I present comparisons and calculations between old line discharge classification and new charge classification. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition regarding the new surge arrester classification introduced in IEC 60099-4:2014: a) Expanded discussion of comparison between the old and new classification and how to calculate or estimate the corresponding charge for different stresses. b) New annexes dealing with: - Comparison between line discharge classes and charge classification - Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during line switching Keywords: selection and application of surge arrestors, nominal voltages above 1 kV
Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl und die Anwendung
Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et l'utilisation
NEW!IEC 60099-5:2018 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
Prenapetostni odvodniki - 5. del: Izbira in priporočila za uporabo
Ta del standarda IEC 60099 vsebuje informacije, smernice in priporočila za izbiro in uporabo prenapetostnih odvodnikov, ki se uporabljajo v trifaznih sistemih z nazivnimi napetostmi nad 1 kV. Uporablja se za prenapetostne odvodnike iz kovinskega oksida brez iskrišč, kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-4, za prenapetostne odvodnike s tako skupinsko kot tudi z vzporedno strukturo z iskrišči, ki so ocenjeni na 52 kV in manj, kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-6, ter prenapetostne odvodnike iz kovinskega oksida z zunanjim iskriščem skupinske strukture za nadzemni prenos in razdelilna omrežja (EGLA), kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-8. V dodatku J so obravnavani nekateri vidiki v zvezi s starejšo vrsto prenapetostnih odvodnikov SiC z iskriščem. Preostala napetost prenapetostnega odvodnika je pomemben parameter, ki mu je večina uporabnikov posvetila veliko pozornosti pri izbiranju vrste in značilnosti. Tipične največje preostale napetosti so podane v dodatku F. Vendar je verjetno, da so pri nekaterih sistemih ali v nekaterih državah zahteve za zanesljivost sistema in zasnova dovolj enotne, da lahko priporočila sedanjega standarda vodijo k določitvi ozkih območij odvodnikov. Uporabnikom prenapetostnih odvodnikov v tem primeru ne bo treba uporabiti celotnega, tukaj predstavljenega postopka za vsako novo namestitev in lahko nadaljujejo z izbiro značilnosti, ki izhaja iz predhodne prakse.
V dodatkih H in I so predstavljene primerjave in izračuni med staro klasifikacijo razelektritve voda in novo klasifikacijo napajanja.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 22-Mar-2018
- Withdrawal Date
- 22-Feb-2021
- Technical Committee
- CLC/SR 37 - Surge arresters
- Drafting Committee
- IEC/TC 37 - IEC_TC_37
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
- Start Date
- 23-Mar-2018
- Completion Date
- 23-Mar-2018
Relations
- Effective Date
- 23-Jan-2023
Overview
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 (CLC) - Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations - provides guidance for the selection and application of surge arresters in three‑phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. This third edition (IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV) is a technical revision of EN 60099-5:2013 and includes a Redline version showing changes compared to the previous edition. It covers gapless metal‑oxide arresters, gapped designs (≤ 52 kV), and externally gapped line arresters (EGLA), and includes informative annexes on residual voltages, classification changes and energy/charge estimation.
Key topics and requirements
- Scope and arrester types: Guidance for metal‑oxide gapless arresters (IEC 60099‑4), combined series/parallel gapped arresters (IEC 60099‑6) and EGLA (IEC 60099‑8). Annex J discusses older SiC gapped arresters.
- Insulation coordination: Procedures for selecting arresters within system insulation coordination, overview of overvoltages, and practical coordination practices for lines and substations.
- Selection process: Step‑by‑step recommendations for choosing line arresters (LSA), cable protection, transformer neutral protection and special applications (rotating machines, capacitor switching, series capacitor banks, UHV).
- Performance parameters: Emphasis on residual voltage (Annex F) and arrester charge/energy handling; annexes provide typical maximum residual voltages and methods to estimate cumulative charges/energies.
- Modelling & studies: Arrester models and simulation guidance for impulse and insulation‑coordination studies (Annex C).
- Asset management & diagnostics: Recommendations on commissioning, maintenance, diagnostic measurements (leakage current, surge counters, temperature), end‑of‑life, disposal and strategic spares (Clause 8, Annex D).
- New classification guidance: Expanded comparison of old line discharge classes vs. new charge classification and calculation methods for mapping stresses between systems.
Practical applications
- Designing and specifying surge protection for transmission and distribution networks with nominal voltages above 1 kV.
- Selecting arresters for substation equipment, overhead line terminals, transformers, GIS and cable terminations.
- Performing insulation coordination studies, impulse simulations and energy assessments for arrester sizing.
- Establishing maintenance, diagnostic and asset‑management programs for arrester fleets.
Who should use this standard
- Power system design engineers and consultants
- Utility protection and asset‑management teams
- Substation and transmission planners
- Manufacturers and test laboratories
- Specification writers and procurement specialists
Related standards
- IEC/EN 60099‑4, 60099‑6, 60099‑8 (arrester product standards)
- IEC 60071‑1/2 (insulation coordination)
- IEC/TR 60071‑4 (computational guide)
- IEC 60507, IEC 62271 series (related test and switchgear standards)
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 is essential for anyone involved in the selection and application of surge arrestors in systems above 1 kV, providing practical, standards‑based guidance on performance, coordination and lifecycle management.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations". This standard covers: NEW!IEC 60099-5:2018 is available as IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60099-5:2018 provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the selection and application of surge arresters to be used in three-phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure – rated 52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In Annex J, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed. Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter to which most users have paid a lot of attention to when selecting the type and rating. Typical maximum residual voltages are given in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the requirements on system reliability and design are sufficiently uniform, so that the recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting from prior practice may be continued. Annexes H and I present comparisons and calculations between old line discharge classification and new charge classification. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition regarding the new surge arrester classification introduced in IEC 60099-4:2014: a) Expanded discussion of comparison between the old and new classification and how to calculate or estimate the corresponding charge for different stresses. b) New annexes dealing with: - Comparison between line discharge classes and charge classification - Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during line switching Keywords: selection and application of surge arrestors, nominal voltages above 1 kV
NEW!IEC 60099-5:2018 is available as IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60099-5:2018 provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the selection and application of surge arresters to be used in three-phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure – rated 52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In Annex J, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed. Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter to which most users have paid a lot of attention to when selecting the type and rating. Typical maximum residual voltages are given in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the requirements on system reliability and design are sufficiently uniform, so that the recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting from prior practice may be continued. Annexes H and I present comparisons and calculations between old line discharge classification and new charge classification. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition regarding the new surge arrester classification introduced in IEC 60099-4:2014: a) Expanded discussion of comparison between the old and new classification and how to calculate or estimate the corresponding charge for different stresses. b) New annexes dealing with: - Comparison between line discharge classes and charge classification - Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during line switching Keywords: selection and application of surge arrestors, nominal voltages above 1 kV
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 29.120.50 - Fuses and other overcurrent protection devices; 29.240.10 - Substations. Surge arresters. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 60099-5:2013. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN IEC 60099-5:2018 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60099-5:2013
3UHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNLGHO ,]ELUDLQSULSRURþLOD]DXSRUDER
Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl und die Anwendung
Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et l'utilisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60099-5:2018
ICS:
29.240.10 Transformatorske postaje. Substations. Surge arresters
Prenapetostni odvodniki
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60099-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2018
ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 Supersedes EN 60099-5:2013
English Version
Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application
recommendations
(IEC 60099-5:2018)
Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl
l'utilisation und die Anwendung
(IEC 60099-5:2018) (IEC 60099-5:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-02-23. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60099-5:2018 E
European foreword
The text of document 37/437/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60099-5, prepared by IEC/TC 37 "Surge
arresters" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be (dop) 2018-11-23
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2021-02-23
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60099-5:2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60099-5:2018 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60071-1 2006 Insulation co-ordination -- Part 1: EN 60071-1 2006
Definitions, principles and rules
+ A1 2010 + A1 2010
IEC 60071-2 1996 Insulation co-ordination -- Part 2: EN 60071-2 1997
Application guide
IEC 60099-4 2004 Surge arresters -- Part 4: Metal-oxide EN 60099-4 2004
surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems
+ A1 2006 + A1 2006
+ A2 2009 + A2 2009
IEC 60099-4 2014 Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge EN 60099-4 2014
arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
IEC 60099-6 2002 Surge arresters -- Part 6: Surge arresters - -
containing both series and parallel gapped
structures - Rated 52 kV and less
IEC 60099-8 2011 Surge arresters -- Part 8: Metal-oxide EN 60099-8 2011
surge arresters with external series gap
(EGLA) for overhead transmission and
distribution lines of a.c. systems above 1
kV
IEC 60507 - Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage EN 60507 -
ceramic and glass insulators to be used on
a.c. systems
IEC 62271-200 - High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- EN 62271-200 -
Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear
and controlgear for rated voltages above 1
kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-203 - High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- EN 62271-203 -
Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed
switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
IEC/TR 60071-4 - Insulation co-ordination -- Part 4: - -
Computational guide to insulation co-
ordination and modelling of electrical
networks
IEC/TS 60815-1 2008 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage - -
insulators intended for use in polluted
conditions - Part 1: Definitions, information
and general principles
IEC 60099-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Surge arresters –
Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-5075-4
– 2 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 General principles for the application of surge arresters . 21
5 Surge arrester fundamentals and applications issues . 22
5.1 Evolution of surge protection equipment . 22
5.2 Different types and designs and their electrical and mechanical
characteristics . 23
5.2.1 General . 23
5.2.2 Metal-oxide arresters without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 . 24
5.2.3 Metal-oxide surge arresters with internal series gaps according to
IEC 60099-6 . 34
5.2.4 Externally gapped line arresters (EGLA) according to IEC 60099-8. 36
5.2.5 Application considerations . 39
6 Insulation coordination and surge arrester applications. 52
6.1 General . 52
6.2 Insulation coordination overview . 52
6.2.1 General . 52
6.2.2 IEC insulation coordination procedure . 53
6.2.3 Overvoltages . 53
6.2.4 Line insulation coordination: Arrester Application Practices . 59
6.2.5 Substation insulation coordination: Arrester application practices . 64
6.2.6 Insulation coordination studies. 68
6.3 Selection of arresters . 70
6.3.1 General . 70
6.3.2 General procedure for the selection of surge arresters . 70
6.3.3 Selection of line surge arresters, LSA . 84
6.3.4 Selection of arresters for cable protection . 93
6.3.5 Selection of arresters for distribution systems – special attention . 95
6.3.6 Application and coordination of disconnectors . 96
6.3.7 Selection of UHV arresters . 98
6.4 Standard and special service conditions . 99
6.4.1 Standard service conditions . 99
6.4.2 Special service conditions . 99
7 Surge arresters for special applications . 103
7.1 Surge arresters for transformer neutrals . 103
7.1.1 General . 103
7.1.2 Surge arresters for fully insulated transformer neutrals . 103
7.1.3 Surge arresters for neutrals of transformers with non-uniform insulation . 103
7.2 Surge arresters between phases . 104
7.2.1 General . 104
7.2.2 6-arrester arrangement . 104
7.2.3 4-arrester (Neptune) arrangement . 104
7.3 Surge arresters for rotating machines . 105
7.4 Surge arresters in parallel . 106
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 3 –
7.4.1 General . 106
7.4.2 Combining different designs of arresters . 107
7.5 Surge arresters for capacitor switching . 107
7.6 Surge arresters for series capacitor banks . 109
8 Asset management of surge arresters . 110
8.1 General . 110
8.2 Managing surge arresters in a power grid . 110
8.2.1 Asset database . 110
8.2.2 Technical specifications . 110
8.2.3 Strategic spares . 110
8.2.4 Transportation and storage . 111
8.2.5 Commissioning . 111
8.3 Maintenance . 111
8.3.1 General . 111
8.3.2 Polluted arrester housing . 112
8.3.3 Coating of arrester housings . 112
8.3.4 Inspection of disconnectors on surge arresters . 112
8.3.5 Line surge arresters . 112
8.4 Performance and diagnostic tools . 112
8.5 End of life . 113
8.5.1 General . 113
8.5.2 GIS arresters . 113
8.6 Disposal and recycling . 113
Annex A (informative) Determination of temporary overvoltages due to earth faults . 114
Annex B (informative) Current practice . 118
Annex C (informative) Arrester modelling techniques for studies involving insulation
coordination and energy requirements . 119
C.1 Arrester models for impulse simulations . 119
C.2 Application to insulation coordination studies . 120
C.3 Summary of proposed arrester models to be used for impulse applications . 120
Annex D (informative) Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service . 122
D.1 General . 122
D.1.1 Overview . 122
D.1.2 Fault indicators . 122
D.1.3 Disconnectors . 122
D.1.4 Surge counters . 122
D.1.5 Monitoring spark gaps . 123
D.1.6 Temperature measurements . 123
D.1.7 Leakage current measurements of gapless metal-oxide arresters . 123
D.2 Measurement of the total leakage current . 128
D.3 Measurement of the resistive leakage current or the power loss. 129
D.3.1 General . 129
D.3.2 Method A1 – Using the applied voltage signal as a reference . 129
D.3.3 Method A2 – Compensating the capacitive component using a voltage
signal . 130
D.3.4 Method A3 – Compensating the capacitive component without using a
voltage signal . 131
D.3.5 Method A4 – Capacitive compensation by combining the leakage
current of the three phases . 131
– 4 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018
D.3.6 Method B1 – Third order harmonic analysis . 132
D.3.7 Method B2 – Third order harmonic analysis with compensation for
harmonics in the voltage . 133
D.3.8 Method B3 – First order harmonic analysis . 133
D.3.9 Method C – Direct determination of the power losses . 133
D.4 Leakage current information from the arrester manufacturer . 133
D.5 Summary of diagnostic methods . 135
Annex E (informative) Typical data needed from arrester manufacturers for proper
selection of surge arresters . 136
Annex F (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages for metal-oxide arresters
without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 . 137
Annex G (informative) Steepness reduction of incoming surge with additional line
terminal surge capacitance . 138
G.1 General . 138
G.2 Steepness reduction factor . 138
G.3 Equivalent capacitance associated with incoming surge fronts . 140
G.3.1 General . 140
G.3.2 Examples of incoming surge steepness change, f , using typical 550 kV
s
& 245 kV circuit parameters . 141
G.3.3 Change in coordination withstand voltage, U , with steepness
cw
reduction, f : . 142
s
G.4 EMTP & capacitor charging models for steepness change comparisons at
line open terminal . 142
G.5 Typical steepness (S = 1000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C & C . 143
0 0 s
G.6 Faster steepness (2000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C & C . 145
o s
Annex H (informative) Comparison of the former energy classification system based
on line discharge classes and the present classification system based on thermal
energy ratings for operating duty tests and repetitive charge transfer ratings for
repetitive single event energies. 147
H.1 General . 147
H.2 Examples . 150
Annex I (informative) Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during
line switching . 155
I.1 Simplified method of estimating arrester line switching energies . 155
I.1.1 Introduction . 155
I.1.2 Simplified method calculation steps . 156
I.1.3 Typical line surge impedances with bundled conductors . 158
I.1.4 Prospective switching surge overvoltages . 158
I.1.5 Use of IEC 60099-4:2009 to obtain values for surge impedance and
prospective surge voltages . 159
I.2 Example of charge and energy calculated using line discharge parameters. 160
I.3 Arrester line switching energy examples . 164
I.3.1 General . 164
I.3.2 Case 1 – 145 kV . 167
I.3.3 Case 2 – 242 kV . 167
I.3.4 Case 3 – 362 kV . 167
I.3.5 Case 4 – 420 kV . 168
I.3.6 Case 5 – 550 kV . 168
Annex J (informative) End of life and replacement of old gapped SiC-arresters . 180
J.1 Overview. 180
J.2 Design and operation of SiC-arresters . 180
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 5 –
J.3 Failure causes and aging phenomena . 180
J.3.1 General . 180
J.3.2 Sealing problems . 180
J.3.3 Equalization of internal and external pressure and atmosphere . 181
J.3.4 Gap electrode erosion . 181
J.3.5 Ageing of grading components . 182
J.3.6 Changed system conditions . 182
J.3.7 Increased pollution levels . 182
J.4 Possibility to check the status of the arresters . 182
J.5 Advantages of planning replacements ahead . 182
J.5.1 General . 182
J.5.2 Improved reliability . 183
J.5.3 Cost advantages . 183
J.5.4 Increased safety requirements . 183
J.6 Replacement issues . 183
J.6.1 General . 183
J.6.2 Establishing replacement priority . 183
J.6.3 Selection of MO arresters for replacement installations . 184
Bibliography . 185
Figure 1 – Example of GIS arresters of three mechanical/one electrical column
(middle) and one column (left) design and current path of the three mechanical/one
electrical column design (right) . 29
Figure 2 – Typical deadfront arrester . 30
Figure 3 – Internally gapped metal-oxide surge arrester designs . 35
Figure 4 – Components of an EGLA acc. to IEC 60099-8 . 36
Figure 5 – Typical arrangement of a 420 kV arrester . 41
Figure 6 – Examples of UHV and HV arresters with grading and corona rings . 42
Figure 7 – Same type of arrester mounted on a pedestal (left), suspended from an
earthed steel structure (middle) or suspended from a line conductor (right . 43
Figure 8 – Installations without earth-mat (distribution systems) . 44
Figure 9 – Installations with earth-mat (high-voltage substations) . 45
Figure 10 – Definition of mechanical loads according to IEC 60099-4:2014 . 47
Figure 11 – Distribution arrester with disconnector and insulating bracket. 48
Figure 12 – Examples of good and poor connection principles for distribution arresters . 50
Figure 13 – Typical voltages and duration example for differently earthed systems . 54
Figure 14 – Typical phase-to-earth overvoltages encountered in power systems . 55
Figure 15 – Arrester voltage-current characteristics . 56
Figure 16 – Direct strike to a phase conductor with LSA . 61
Figure 17 – Strike to a shield wire or tower with LSA . 62
Figure 18 – Typical procedure for a surge arrester insulation coordination study . 69
Figure 19 – Flow diagrams for standard selection of surge arrester . 73
Figure 20 – Examples of arrester TOV capability . 74
Figure 21 – Flow diagram for the selection of NGLA . 87
Figure 22 – Flow diagram for the selection of EGLA . 91
Figure 23 – Common neutral configurations . 96
– 6 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018
Figure 24 – Typical configurations for arresters connected phase-to-phase and phase-
to-ground . 105
Figure A.1 – Earth fault factor k on a base of X /X , for R /X = R = 0 . 114
0 1 1 1 1
Figure A.2 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = 0 . 115
Figure A.3 – Relationship between R0/X1 and X0/X1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R = 0,5 X . 115
1 1
Figure A.4 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = X . 116
1 1
Figure A.5 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = 2X . 116
1 1
Figure C.1 – Schematic sketch of a typical arrester installation . 119
Figure C.2 – Increase in residual voltage as function of virtual current front time . 120
Figure C.3 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – fast- front
overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 1) . 121
Figure C.4 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – fast- front
overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 2) . 121
Figure C.5 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – slow-front
overvoltages . 121
Figure D.1 – Typical leakage current of a non-linear metal-oxide resistor in laboratory
conditions . 124
Figure D.2 – Typical leakage currents of arresters in service conditions . 125
Figure D.3 – Typical voltage-current characteristics for non-linear metal-oxide resistors . 126
Figure D.4 – Typical normalized voltage dependence at +20 °C . 126
Figure D.5 – Typical normalized temperature dependence at U . 127
c
Figure D.6 – Influence on total leakage current by increase in resistive leakage current . 128
Figure D.7 – Measured voltage and leakage current and calculated resistive and
capacitive currents (V = 6,3 kV r.m.s) . 130
Figure D.8 – Remaining current after compensation by capacitive current at U . 131
c
Figure D.9 – Error in the evaluation of the leakage current third harmonic for different
phase angles of system voltage third harmonic, considering various capacitances and
voltage-current characteristics of non-linear metal-oxide resistors . 132
Figure D.10 – Typical information for conversion to "standard" operating voltage
conditions . 134
Figure D.11 – Typical information for conversion to "standard" ambient temperature
conditions . 134
Figure G.1 – Surge voltage waveforms at various distances from strike location
(0,0 km) due to corona . 139
Figure G.2 – Case 1: EMTP Model: Thevenin equivalent source, line (Z,c) & substation
bus (Z,c) & Cap(C ). 142
s
Figure G.3 – Case 2: Capacitor Voltage charge via line Z: u(t) = 2×U × (1 – exp[-
surge
t/(Z×C]) . 143
Figure G.4 – EMTP model . 143
Figure G.5 – Simulated surge voltages at the line-substation bus interface . 144
Figure G.6 – Simulated Surge Voltages at the Transformer . 145
Figure G.7 – EMTP model . 145
Figure G.8 – Simulated surge voltages at the line-substation bus interface . 146
Figure G.9 – Simulated surge voltages at the transformer . 146
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 7 –
Figure H.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching
impulse residual voltage (U ) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage U of the arrester . 148
a r
Figure I.1 – Simple network used for Arrester Line Discharge Calculation and Testing
according to IEC 60099-4:2009 . 155
Figure I.2 – Linearized arrester equation in the typical line switching current range
(voltage values shown are for a 372 kV rated arrester used on a 420 kV system) . 156
Figure I.3 – Graphical illustration of linearized line switching condition and arrester
characteristic . 157
Figure I.4 – Range of 2 % slow-front overvoltages at the receiving end due to line
energization and re-energization . 159
Figure I.5 – Arrester class 2 & 3 voltages calculated by EMTP calculations: U and
ps2
U (V × 10 ) . 162
ps3
Figure I.6 – Class 2 & 3 arrester currents calculated by EMTP studies: I and I
ps2 ps3
(A) . 162
Figure I.7 – Arrester Class 2 & 3 cumulative charges calculated by EMTP simulation:
Q and Q (C) . 163
rs2 rs3
Figure I.8 – Arrester Class 2 & 3 cumulative absorbed energies calculated by EMTP
simulation: W and W (kJ/kV U ) . 163
s2 s3 r
Figure I.9 – Typical Line Reclosing Computer Simulation Network . 164
Figure I.10 – Typical 550 kV Reclose Switching Overvoltage Profile along 480 km Line . 165
Figure I.11 – IEC LD based charge transfer, Q with varying arrester protective ratios . 166
rs
Figure I.12 – IEC LD based switching energy, W with varying arrester protective
th
ratios . 166
Figure I.13 – U for 145 kV system simulation (V x 10 ) . 170
ps
Figure I.14 – I for 145 kV system simulation (A) . 170
ps
Figure I.15 – 1 Cumulative charge (Q ) for 145 kV system simulation (C) . 171
rs
Figure I.16 – Cumulative energy (W ) for 145 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U ) . 171
th r
Figure I.17 – U for 245 kV system simulation (V x 10 ) . 172
ps
Figure I.18 – I for 245 kV system simulation (A) . 172
ps
Figure I.19 – Cumulative charge (Q ) for 245 kV system simulation (C) . 173
rs
Figure I.20 – Cumulative energy (W ) for 245 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U ) . 173
th r
Figure I.21 – U for 362 kV system simulation (V x 10 ) . 174
ps
Figure I.22 – I for 362 kV system simulation (A) . 174
ps
Figure I.23 – Cumulative charge (Q ) for 362 kV system simulation (C) . 175
rs
Figure I.24 – Cumulative energy (W ) for 362 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U ) . 175
th r
Figure I.25 – U for 420 kV system simulation (V x 10 ) . 176
ps
Figure I.26 – I for 420 kV system simulation (A) . 176
ps
Figure I.27 – Cumulative charge (Q ) for 420 kV system simulation (C) . 177
rs
Figure I.28 – Cumulative energy (W ) for 420 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U ) . 177
th r
Figure I.29 – U for 550 kV system simulation (V x 10 ) . 178
ps
Figure I.30 – I for 550 kV system simulation (A) . 178
ps
Figure I.31 – Cumulative charge (Q ) for 550 kV system simulation (C) . 179
rs
Figure I.32 – Cumulative energy (W ) for 550 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U ) . 179
th r
Figure J.1 – Internal SiC-arrester stack . 181
Table 1 – Minimum mechanical requirements (for porcelain-housed arresters) . 46
– 8 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018
Table 2 – Arrester classification . 78
Table 3 – Definition of factor A in formulas (14 and 15) for various overhead lines . 82
Table 4 – Examples for protective zones calculated by formula (16) for open-air
substations . 83
Table 5 – Example of the condition for calculating lightning current duty of EGLA in
77 kV transmission lines . 90
Table 6 – Probability of insulator flashover in Formula (18) . 93
Table D.1 – Summary of diagnostic methods . 135
Table D.2 – Properties of on-site leakage current measurement methods . 135
Table E.1 – Arrester data needed for the selection of surge arresters . 136
Table F.1 – Residual voltages for 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters in per unit of rated
voltage . 137
Table F.2 – Residual voltages for 5 000 A, and 2 500 A arresters in per unit of rated
voltage . 137
Table G.1 – C impact on steepness ratio f and steepness S . 141
s s n
Table G.2 – Change in coordination withstand voltage, U . 142
cw
Table H.1 – Peak currents for switching impulse residual voltage test . 147
Table H.2 – Parameters for the line discharge test on 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters. 148
Table H.3 – Comparison of the classification system according to IEC 60099-4:2009
and to IEC 6099-4 2014 . 149
Table I.1 – Typical Arrester Switching (U vs I ) Characteristics . 156
ps ps
Table I.2 – Typical line surge impedances (Z ) with single and bundled conductors . 158
s
Table I.3 – Line Parameters Prescribed by IEC 60099-4:2009 Line Discharge Class
Tests . 159
Table I.4 – Line surge impedances and prospective surge voltages derived from line
discharge tests parameters of IEC 60099-4:2009 for different system voltages and
arrester ratings . 160
Table I.5 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – Base parameters from Table I.4, used for
simplified method and for EMTP simulation . 161
Table I.6 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – Calculations using simplified method . 161
Table I.7 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – I.5.(c) Results from EMTP studies . 161
Table I.8 – Results of calculations using the ndifferent methods described for different
system voltages and arrester selection . 169
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SURGE ARRESTERS –
Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
FOREWORD
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In or
...
SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018は、サージアレスタの選定と適用に関する重要な指針を提供する標準です。本標準は、1 kVを超える定格電圧の三相システムで使用されるギャップレス金属酸化物サージアレスタに焦点を当てており、IEC 60099-4やIEC 60099-6、IEC 60099-8に基づく異なる構造を持つアレスタの選定に関する詳細な情報が含まれています。 本標準の強みは、サージアレスタの選定と適用に関する一貫した推奨事項を提供している点です。特に、IEC 60099-4:2014によって導入された新しいアレスタ分類の枠組みを踏まえ、古い分類と新しい分類との比較が拡充され、異なるストレス条件における対応する電荷の計算方法が詳しく説明されています。これにより、ユーザーは特定のシステムに最適なサージアレスタを選定しやすくなります。 また、エヌテックスFでは、典型的な最大残留電圧が提供されており、これはサージアレスタの選定において重要なパラメータとされています。特に、システムの信頼性と設計要件が均一である国やシステムでは、本標準の推奨に基づく狭い範囲のアレスタを定義することが可能です。このような場合、ユーザーは新しい設置において本標準の全プロセスを適用する必要なく、以前の実践に基づく特性の選定を続けることができます。 さらに、附属書HおよびIでは、古いライン放電分類と新しい電荷分類との比較および計算が示されており、より高い技術的整合性を持つ選定基準が提供されています。本標準は、2013年に発行された第2版を取り消し、技術的な改訂版として位置づけられています。 総じて、SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018は、サージアレスタの選定と適用において非常に有用なガイドラインを提供しており、特に高い定格電圧のシステムにおける信頼性の確保に寄与しています。
표준 EN IEC 60099-5:2018은 1 kV 이상의 명목 전압을 가진 삼상 시스템에 사용되는 서지 억제기의 선택 및 적용에 대한 정보를 제공하는 중요한 문서입니다. 이 표준은 gapless 금속 산화물 서지 억제기 및 시리즈와 병렬 구조를 포함하는 서지 억제기, 그리고 오버헤드 전송 및 배전선용 외부 시리즈 갭이 있는 금속 산화물 서지 억제기에 적용됩니다. 이러한 범위는 서지 억제기의 사용에 대한 세부적인 지침을 제공하여 사용자에게 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있습니다. EN IEC 60099-5:2018의 강점 중 하나는 기존의 서지 억제기 분류와 새로운 분류 간의 비교와 각 스트레스에 따른 해당 전하를 계산하거나 추정하는 방법에 대한 토론이 포함되어 있다는 점입니다. 이는 서지 억제기를 선택하기 위해 필요한 기술적 정보의 깊이를 더하며, 사용자가 보다 정확한 선택을 할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, 잔여 전압과 관련된 일반적인 최대 잔여 전압 값이 제공되어 있어 사용자가 선택 시 유의할 점을 한눈에 이해할 수 있게 해줍니다. 이 문서의 연장자인 Annexes H와 I는 구식 라인 방전 분류와 새로운 전하 분류 간의 비교 및 계산을 다루고 있어 사용자가 서지 억제기 선택에 있어 보다 깊이 있는 분석을 제공받을 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 일부 시스템에서는 시스템의 신뢰성과 설계 요구 사항이 충분히 일관되기 때문에, 현재 표준의 권장 사항이 좁은 범위의 억제기 정의로 이어질 수 있음을 제시하고 있습니다. 이는 새로운 설치에서 복잡한 프로세스를 적용할 필요 없이 이전 관행에 따른 특성을 지속적으로 선택할 수 있게 합니다. 결국, EN IEC 60099-5:2018 표준은 서지 억제기의 선택 및 적용에 있어 필수적인 리소스를 제공하며, 특히 1 kV 이상의 명목 전압을 다루는 시스템 사용자에게 매우 중요한 문서입니다. 이 표준은 기술적 수정이 이루어진 세 번째 판으로서, 기존 판의 내용을 대체하고 강화된 정보를 포함하여 사용자들에게 실질적으로 다가갈 수 있도록 설계되었습니다.
Die Norm EN IEC 60099-5:2018 bietet umfassende Empfehlungen zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Überspannungsableitern in drei-phasigen Systemen mit Nennspannungen über 1 kV. Sie behandelt insbesondere die Anforderungen an spannungsfreie metal-oxid Überspannungsableiter, die gemäß IEC 60099-4 definiert sind, sowie Ableiter mit bestimmten Serien- und Parallel-Gapped-Strukturen und solchen mit externem Serienabstand für Freileitungen, wie in IEC 60099-6 und IEC 60099-8 festgelegt. Ein zentraler Aspekt dieser Norm ist die detaillierte Behandlung der Restspannung von Überspannungsableitern, ein entscheidender Parameter, den Nutzer bei der Auswahl des Typs und der Nennwerte stark berücksichtigen. In Anhang F werden typische maximale Restspannungen aufgeführt, die die Entscheidungsfindung bei der Auswahl unterstützen. Außerdem behandelt Anhang J einige Aspekte der älteren SiC-Gapped-Ableiter, was den Nutzern wertvolle Informationen für die Bewertung vergangener Technologien bietet. Die Norm erörtert, dass für einige Systeme oder in bestimmten Ländern die Anforderungen an die Systemzuverlässigkeit und das Design ausreichend einheitlich sein könnten. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass die Empfehlungen der Norm die Definition engerer Bereiche von Ableitern ermöglichen, was bedeutet, dass Anwender nicht den vollständigen Auswahlprozess für jede neue Installation durchlaufen müssen. Sie können auf bewährte Eigenschaften zurückgreifen, die aus früheren Praktiken abgeleitet sind. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt der Norm ist die Einführung von neuen Klassifikationen und Berechnungen im Vergleich zu den alten Klassifikationen. Die Norm beleuchtet den Unterschied zwischen der alten Linienentladungs-Klassifikation und der neuen Ladungsklassifikation und bietet in den Anhängen H und I umfassende Vergleiche und Berechnungen dazu an. Diese technischen Änderungen tragen wesentlich zur Klarheit und Verständlichkeit der Auswahl und Anwendung von Überspannungsableitern bei. Insgesamt wird durch die EN IEC 60099-5:2018 eine erhebliche Verbesserung in der Anwendung und im Verständnis von Überspannungsableitern erreicht, die sowohl für Fachleute in der Branche als auch für Unternehmen, die mit elektrischen Anlagen arbeiten, von großer Relevanz sind. Die Norm unterstützt die sichere und zuverlässige Implementierung von Überspannungsableitern und stellt sicher, dass die besten Praktiken in der Auswahl und Anwendung befolgt werden.
The EN IEC 60099-5:2018 standard provides essential guidance on the selection and application of surge arresters, focusing specifically on three-phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. This standard plays a critical role in ensuring the appropriate selection and implementation of surge arresters in various electrical systems, emphasizing gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as outlined in IEC 60099-4, along with surge arresters with both series and parallel gapped structures rated at 52 kV and lower from IEC 60099-6. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its comprehensive approach; it covers new classifications and recommendations that reflect the latest advancements in surge arrester technology. The inclusion of comparative analyses between old line discharge classifications and the new charge classification fosters a better understanding of the grounding principles that inform users’ decisions. This helps engineers and technicians to effectively estimate the cumulative charges and energies associated with line switching, which is crucial for system reliability and safety. Moreover, the standard addresses a wide range of use cases, making it relevant for various industries that operate with high-voltage power systems. By offering typical maximum residual voltages in Annex F, the EN IEC 60099-5:2018 standard aids users in evaluating and selecting the right surge arresters based on specific operational needs, thus streamlining the decision-making process. Additionally, the recognition of uniform requirements for system reliability across different countries and applications indicates that the recommendations within can lead to the establishment of standardized practices in surge arrester selection. This could eliminate the necessity for extensive reassessment of existing installations, preserving established practices while also encouraging updates to accommodate new technologies. In summary, the EN IEC 60099-5:2018 standard is a vital document that enhances the understanding of surge arrester selection and application processes, ultimately contributing to improved electrical system performance and reliability in environments operating at nominal voltages above 1 kV. Its technical revisions and updates reflect an industry-informed approach to surge protection, making it a relevant and indispensable resource for professionals in the field.
La norme SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018 offre un cadre exhaustif pour la sélection et l'application des parafoudres utilisés dans les systèmes triphasés avec des tensions nominales supérieures à 1 kV. Ce document standard est d'une grande importance, car il inclut des recommandations et des orientations précises, rendant son utilisation pertinente pour les ingénieurs et les professionnels du secteur électrique. Les forces de cette norme résident dans sa couverture détaillée des parafoudres sans écarts en utilisant la technologie à oxyde de métal, ainsi que des structures à écarts en série et en parallèle, comme cela est défini dans les normes IEC 60099-4 et IEC 60099-6. La norme aborde également les parafoudres avec un écarts en série externe pour les lignes de transmission et de distribution aériennes (EGLA), ce qui élargit sa portée d'application à divers scénarios de réseau électrique. En outre, la norme examine les tensions résiduelles des parafoudres, qui est un critère essentiel pour de nombreux utilisateurs lors de la sélection du type et du niveau appropriés d'appareils. Les valeurs de tension résiduelle maximales typiques, fournies dans l'annexe F, sont un atout qui guide les utilisateurs dans leur processus décisionnel. L'introduction des nouvelles classifications et les comparaisons entre les anciennes et nouvelles classifications de décharge de ligne ainsi que les charges cumulées sont également des ajouts significatifs. Ces évolutions permettent non seulement d'actualiser les connaissances des utilisateurs, mais aussi d'optimiser des processus de sélection par la fourniture de méthodologies numériques solides pour le calcul ou l'estimation des charges associées aux différents stress. Enfin, cette norme représente une révision technique substantielle par rapport à l'édition précédente publiée en 2013, incorporant des discussions enrichies et des annexes qui facilitent la compréhension et l'application des concepts de sélection et d'application des parafoudres. Par conséquent, la norme SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018 se révèle être un document incontournable pour assurer la fiabilité et l'efficacité des systèmes électriques à haute tension.
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