prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2022

Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC motors

Drehende elektrische Maschinen – Teil 2-3: Besondere Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verluste und des Wirkungsgrades von umrichtergespeisten Wechselstrommaschinen

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-3: Méthodes d'essai spécifiques pour la détermination des pertes et du rendement des moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par convertisseur

Električni rotacijski stroji - 2-3. del: Posebne preskusne metode za ugotavljanje izgub in izkoristka motorja na izmenični tok, napajanih s pretvorniki

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2024
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 2 - IEC_TC_2
• Current Stage: 4060 - Enquiry results established and sent to TC, SR, BTTF - Enquiry
• Start Date: 10-Feb-2023
• Completion Date: 10-Feb-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC motors

Relations

• Revises: EN IEC 60034-2-3:2020 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC motors
• Effective Date: 25-Nov-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023
01-januar-2023

Električni rotacijski stroji - 2-3. del: Posebne preskusne metode za ugotavljanje

izgub in izkoristka motorja na izmenični tok, napajanega prek pretvornikov

Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and

efficiency of converter-fed AC motors

Drehende elektrische Maschinen – Teil 2-3: Besondere Verfahren zur Bestimmung der

Verluste und des Wirkungsgrades von umrichtergespeisten Wechselstrommaschinen

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-3: Méthodes d'essai spécifiques pour la

détermination des pertes et du rendement des moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par

convertisseur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2022
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023
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oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023
2/2110/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60034-2-3 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-11-18 2023-02-10
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
2/2080/CD, 2/2096A/CC
IEC TC 2 : ROTATING MACHINERY
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United Kingdom Mr Charles Whitlock
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in
this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY

SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING

Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote
(CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:

Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of

converter-fed AC motors
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:

Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this

electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.

You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without

permission in writing from IEC.
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oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023
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CONTENTS

CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ 1

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 8

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 8

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..................................................................................... 10

5 Basic requirements ........................................................................................................ 11

5.1 Instrumentation ..................................................................................................... 11

5.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 11

5.1.2 Power analyser and transducers .................................................................... 11

5.1.3 Mechanical output of the motor ...................................................................... 12

5.2 Converter set-up ................................................................................................... 12

5.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 12

5.2.2 Comparable converter set-up for rated voltages up to 1 kV ............................ 12

5.2.3 Testing with converters with rated voltages above 1 kV ................................. 13

5.2.4 Testing with other converters ......................................................................... 13

5.3 Ambient temperature during testing ...................................................................... 13

5.4 State of the machine under test ............................................................................ 13

6 Test method for the determination of the efficiency of converter-fed motors ................... 14

6.1 Selection of determination method ........................................................................ 14

6.2 Method 2-3-A – Direct measurement of input and output ....................................... 14

6.2.1 Test set-up .................................................................................................... 14

6.2.2 Test procedure .............................................................................................. 14

6.2.3 Efficiency determination................................................................................. 15

6.2.4 Measurement at seven standardized operating points .................................... 15

6.3 Method 2-3-B – Summation of losses with determination of additional high

frequency loss at converter supply at no-load operation ........................................ 16

6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 16

6.3.2 Test set-up .................................................................................................... 16

6.3.3 Test procedure .............................................................................................. 16

6.3.4 Efficiency determination................................................................................. 16

6.4 2-3-C – Alternate Efficiency Determination Method (AEDM) .................................. 17

6.5 2-3-D – Determination of efficiency by calculation ................................................. 17

7 Interpolation of motor losses at any operating point ....................................................... 17

7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17

7.2 Definitions............................................................................................................. 18

7.3 Interpolation and extrapolation of relative losses at any operating point ................ 18

7.4 Determination of interpolation coefficients ............................................................. 19

7.5 P to P are the measured losses in the points P to P relative to the
L1 L7 1 7
rated output power (rated speed and rated torque).Alternate operating points

to determine interpolation coefficients ................................................................... 21

7.6 Optional determination of interpolation error ......................................................... 22

Annex A (informative) Losses of AC motors ......................................................................... 23

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A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23

A.2 Stator and rotor winding I R losses P (P + P ) ........................................ 23

LSR LS LR

A.3 Iron losses (P ) .................................................................................................. 23

Lfe

A.4 Additional load losses (P ) .................................................................................. 24

A.5 Friction and windage losses (P ) ....................................................................... 24

Lfw

A.6 Additional high frequency losses (P ) ............................................................... 25

LHL

Annex B (informative) Exemplary determination of losses and efficiency at various

load points ..................................................................................................................... 26

B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 26

B.2 Determination of the interpolation coefficients ....................................................... 26

B.3 Calculation of losses and efficiency for certain operating points ............................ 27

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 32

Figure 1: Connection Y or D, Ranges a and b ....................................................................... 29

Figure 2: Connection Y ► D, Ranges a and b ....................................................................... 29

Figure 3: Connection Y ► YY, Range a ................................................................................ 30

Figure 4 – Standardized operating points .............................................................................. 20

Table 1 – Preferred test methods .......................................................................................... 14

Table 2 – Other test methods ................................................................................................ 14

Table 3 – Normative operating points .................................................................................... 19

Table 4 – Non-normative alternate operating points .............................................................. 21

Table A.1 – Recommended split of windage and friction losses for IC 411 self-

ventilated motors .................................................................................................................. 24

Table B.1 – Name plate data ................................................................................................. 26

Table B.2 – Reference values ............................................................................................... 26

Table B.3 – Losses for the 7 operating points ....................................................................... 27

Table B.4 – Interpolation coefficients .................................................................................... 27

Table B.5 – User-defined operating points ............................................................................ 28

Table B.6 – Calculated losses for the user-defined operating points ..................................... 28

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and
efficiency of converter-fed AC motors
FOREWORD

1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and

in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,

Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their

preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with

may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising

with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international

consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

interested IEC National Committees.

3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC

Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any

misinterpretation by any end user.

4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications

transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between

any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity

assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any

services carried out by independent certification bodies.

6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and

members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or

other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and

expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC

Publications.

8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent

rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60034-2-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:

Rotating machinery.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60034-2-3, published in 2020.

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting

Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the

report on voting indicated in the above table.

This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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oSIST prEN IEC 60034-2-3:2023
IEC CDV 60034-2-3 © IEC 2022 – 5 –

A list of all parts in the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical

machines, can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the

stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to

the specific document. At this date, the document will be
reconfirmed,
withdrawn,
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates

that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding

of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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1 INTRODUCTION

2 The objective of this document is to define test methods for determining total losses including

3 additional high frequency motor losses and efficiency of converter-fed motors. Additional high

4 frequency losses appear in addition to the losses on nominally sinusoidal power supply as

5 determined by the methods of IEC 60034-2-1. Results determined according to this document

6 are intended to allow comparison of losses and efficiency of different motors if fed by

7 converters.

8 Furthermore, the document gives seven standardized operating points to characterize the

9 development of losses and efficiency across the whole torque/speed range. An interpolation

10 procedure is provided to calculate losses and efficiency at any operating point (torque, speed).

11 In power-drive systems (PDS), the motor and the frequency converter are often manufactured

12 by different suppliers. Motors of the same design are produced in large quantities. They may

13 be operated from the grid or from frequency converters of many different types, supplied by

14 many different manufacturers. The individual converter properties (switching frequency, DC link

15 voltage level, etc.) will also influence the system efficiency. As it is impractical to determine

16 motor losses for every combination of motor, frequency converter, connection cable, output

17 filter and parameter settings, this document describes a limited number of approaches,

18 depending on the voltage level and the rating of the motor under test.

19 The losses determined with the comparable converter as defined in this document are not

20 intended to represent the losses in the final application. They provide, however, an objective

21 basis for comparing different motor designs with respect to suitability for converter operation.

22 In general, if fed from a converter, motor losses are higher than during operation on a nominally

23 sinusoidal system, even though the converter normally enables vast energy savings overall on

24 system level, if the motor and the load application can be operated with variable speed. The

25 additional high frequency losses depend on the harmonic spectrum of the impressed converter

26 output quantity (either current or voltage) which is influenced by its circuitry and control method.

27 For further information, see IEC TS 60034-25.

28 It is not the purpose of this document to define test procedures either for power drive systems

29 or for frequency converters alone.
30 Comparable converter

31 Latest experience and theoretical analysis have shown that the additional high frequency motor

32 losses generally do not increase much with load. The methods in this document are mainly

33 based on supplies from converters with pulse width modulation (PWM).

34 With respect to these types of converters and the growing need for verification of compliance

35 with national energy efficiency regulations, this document defines a so-called comparable

36 converter for testing of low voltage motors.

37 In principle, the comparable converter is a voltage source with a typical high frequency harmonic

38 content supplying the motor under test. It is not applicable to medium voltage motors.

39 Limitations for the application of the comparable converter

40 It must be noted that the test method with the comparable converter described herein is a

41 standardized method intended to give comparable efficiency figures for standardized test

42 conditions. A motor ranking with respect to suitability for converter operation may be derived,

43 but it is not equivalent to determining of the actual motor losses for operation with a specific

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44 converter which requires a test of the whole power drive system (PDS) with the specific

45 converter used in the final application.

46 Deviations are also expected for motors driven by multi-level voltage source or current source

47 converters where the additional high frequency motor losses differ much more depending on

48 speed and load than for two-level voltage source converters. Hence the determination of losses

49 and efficiency should use procedures where the motor is operated together with the same

50 converter with which it is driven in service.

51 Another option is the determination of the additional high frequency motor losses by calculation.

52 If this is requested, then the pulse pattern of the converter is required. Such procedures are not

53 part of this standard.

54 The interpolation of losses and efficiency at any operating point (torque, speed) is applicable

55 to the constant flux range and the field weakening and overload range.
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58 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
60 Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and
61 efficiency of converter-fed AC motors
65 1 Scope

66 This part of IEC 60034 specifies test methods and an interpolation procedure for determining

67 losses and efficiencies of converter-fed motors. The motor is then part of a variable frequency

68 power drive system (PDS) as defined in IEC 61800-9-2.

69 Applying the approach of the comparable converter, the motor efficiency determined by use of

70 this document is applicable for comparison of different low voltage motor designs only. The

71 comparable converter approach is not applicable to medium voltage motors.

72 The document also specifies procedures to determine motor losses at any load point (torque,

73 speed) within the constant flux range (constant torque range, base speed range), the field

74 weakening range and the overload range based on determination of losses at seven

75 standardized load points. This procedure is applicable to any variable speed AC motor

76 (induction and synchronous) rated according to IEC 60034-1 for operation on a variable

77 frequency and variable voltage power supply.
78 2 Normative references

79 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

80 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

81 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

82 amendments) applies.
83 IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance

84 IEC 60034-2-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining

85 losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)

86 IEC 60034-30-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated

87 AC motors (IE code)

88 IEC 61000-2-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-4: Environment – Compatibility

89 levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances

90 IEC 61800-9-2, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 9-2: Ecodesign for

91 power drive systems, motor starters, power electronics and their driven applications – Energy

92 efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters
93 3 Terms and definitions

94 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1, IEC 60034-

95 2-1 as well as the following apply.
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96 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

97 addresses:
98 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
99 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
100 3.1
101 additional high frequency losses

102 additional high frequency losses are produced in the motor by the non-sinusoidal voltage and

103 current waveforms generated by the converter and are in addition to the losses of iron, friction

104 and windage, rotor winding, stator winding and additional load loss (fundamental losses)

105 3.2
106 constant flux range

107 speed range from standstill up to the highest speed where the motor can be supplied with a

108 voltage that changes in proportion to the speed so that the magnetic flux remains constant

109 (constant ratio U/f) for induction motors and according to the MTPA (maximum torque per

110 ampere) for synchronous motors. Within the constant flux range, the maximum motor torque is

111 constant (constant torque range), if constant flux control is used.
112 3.3
113 fundamental losses

114 fundamental losses in the motor can be segregated into five different components: iron losses

115 (varying with motor frequency and applied fundamental voltage), friction and windage losses

116 (varying with motor speed), rotor winding losses, stator winding losses and additional load

117 losses (all three varying with motor current). Fundamental losses are the losses of a motor

118 running with application of rated voltage at fundamental frequency that does not contain any

119 higher frequencies.
120 3.4
121 motor losses with converter supply

122 if powered by a converter, motor losses are a combination of losses caused by fundamental

123 frequency and losses caused by the converter high frequencies
124 3.5
125 multi-level voltage source converter

126 a frequency converter topology, where the output voltage (phase-to-ground) is switched in three

127 or more steps or levels up to the maximum possible output value of voltage in both plus and

128 minus
129 3.6 switching event

130 an operation sequence of one semiconductor with switching once on and switching once off

131 3.7
132 switching frequency

133 number of switching events of one semiconductor within one second. It determines, together

134 with the selected pulse pattern and the converter topology, the lowest frequency of non-

135 controllable high frequencies or inter-harmonics at the IPC (in-plant point of coupling) or the

136 motor
137 3.8
138 thermal equilibrium

139 steady state temperature level of a motor which is reached, if the rate of change of temperature

140 is 1 K or less per half hour
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141 3.9
142 two-level voltage source converter

143 a frequency converter topology, where the output voltage (phase-to-ground) is switched in one

144 step or level up to the maximum possible output voltage

145 Note For a two-level converter, the pulse frequency measured phase to phase is two times the switching frequency

146 defined in 3.5 in case of continuous modulation and about 1,33 times the switching frequency defined in 3.5 in case

147 of discontinuous modulation.
148 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

149 c Loss separation coefficient for friction and windage losses and hysteresis losses

150 cCon Winding connection coefficient
151 c Loss separation coefficient for hysteresis losses and eddy current losses
152 cLL Loss separation coefficient for additional load losses
153 c Voltage coefficient
Volt

154 cWHf Loss separation coefficient for winding losses and high frequency losses

155 f Frequency, Hz
156 f Fundamental motor frequency, Hz
Mot
157 f Rated motor frequency, Hz
158 f Switching frequency, Hz
159 I No-load current, A
160 I Rated current, A
161 MTPA Maximum torque per ampere control applied to synchronous motors
162 n Speed, s
163 n Rated speed, s
164 n Reference speed, s
ref
165 n Relative speed at which field weakening range starts,
166 P Power, W
167 P Constant losses if supplied by a converter, W
Ccon
168 P Constant losses at sinusoidal supply according to IEC 60034-2-1, W
Csin
169 PDS Power drive system
170 P Additional high frequency loss due to converter supply, W
LHL
171 P Rated power, W
172 P Reference power, W
ref
173 P Motor input power if supplied by a converter, W
174 P Motor input power at sinusoidal supply according to IEC 60034-2-1, W
1_60034-2-1
175 P Motor output power if supplied by a converter, W
176 P Motor output power at sinusoidal supply according to IEC 60034-2-1, W
2_60034-2-1
177 PWM Pulse width modulation
178 T Motor torque, Nm
179 T Motor torque if supplied by a converter, Nm
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180 T Rated torque, Nm
181 T Reference torque, Nm
ref
182 U Rated motor voltage, V
183 η Efficiency
184 5 Basic requirements
185 5.1 Instrumentation
186 5.1.1 General

187 Unless otherwise stated in this document, the arithmetic average of the three line currents and

188 voltages shall be used.

189 If testing electric motors under load, slow fluctuations in the output power and other measured

190 quantities may be unavoidable. Therefore, for each load point many readings shall be taken

191 automatically by a suitable digital meter over a period of at least 5 s but not more than 60 s and

192 this average shall be used for the determination of efficiency.
193 For win
...