IEC 60099-4:1991
(Main)Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
Applies to non-linear metal-oxide resistor type surge arresters without spark gaps designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits.
Parafoudres - Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur pour réseaux à courant alternatif
S'applique aux parafoudres à résistance variable à oxyde métallique sans éclateur conçus pour limiter les surtensions sur les réseaux à courant alternatif.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60099-4
Edition 1.2
2001-12
Edition 1:1991 consolidated with amendments 1:1998 and 2:2001
Surge arresters –
Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
This English-language version is derived from the original
bilingual publication by leaving out all French-language
pages. Missing page numbers correspond to the French-
language pages.
Reference number
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Consolidated editions
The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,
edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base
publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
Further information on IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to this
publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of publications
(see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda. Information on
the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical
committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications
issued, is also available from the following:
• IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch)
• Catalogue of IEC publications
The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to
search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical committees and
date of publication. On-line information is also available on recently issued
publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda.
• IEC Just Published
This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/ justpub) is
also available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below)
for further information.
• Customer Service Centre
If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,
please contact the Customer Service Centre:
Email: custserv@iec.ch
Tel: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60099-4
Edition 1.2
2001-12
Edition 1:1991 consolidated with amendments 1:1998 and 2:2001
Surge arresters –
Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
IEC 2001 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
XF
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue
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60099-4 © IEC:1991+A1:1998+A2:2001 – 9 –
Figure 4 – Thermal stability test on 10 000 A arresters line discharge classes 2 and 3
and 20 000 A arresters line discharge classes 4 and 5, see 8.2.2.155
Figure 5 – Power losses of arrester at elevated temperatures versus time. 67
Figure 6 – Thermomechanical test . 93
Figure 7 – Example of the test arrangement for the thermomechanical test and direction
of the cantilever load . 95
Figure 8 – Water immersion. 97
Figure 9 – Example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle under operating voltage
(according to IEC 61109) .103
Figure 10 – Another example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle .105
Figure 11 – Test set-up for insulation withstand test of separable arresters in
insulating housings .125
Figure C.1 – Operating duty test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters .163
Figure C.2 – Thermal stability test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters, see 8.2.2 .163
Figure D.1 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 10 000 A line discharge class 1, 5 000 A, 2 500 A and 1 500 A
arresters.165
Figure D.2 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters.167
Figure D.3 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 10 000 A arresters, line discharge classes 2
and 3 and 20 000 A arresters, line discharge classes 4 and 5 .167
Figure E.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching
impulse residual voltage (U ) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage U of the arrester.171
a r
Figure F.1 – Flow-chart showing the procedure for determining the preheating of
a test sample.179
Figure H.1 – Typical test circuit diagram for high current impulse operating duty test.209
Figure J.1 – Typical distributed constant impulse generator for the long duration
impulse test.213
Figure M.1 – Typical three-phase arrester installation .231
Figure M.2 – Simplified multi-stage equivalent circuit of an arrester.231
Figure M.3 – Geometry of arrester model.233
Figure M.4 – Example of voltage-current characteristic of metal-oxide resistors
at +20 °C in the leakage current region .235
Figure M.5 – Calculated voltage stress along the resistor column in case B.235
Figure N.1 – Bending moment – multi-unit surge arrester .237
Figure N.2 – Surge arrester unit.241
Figure N.3 – Surge arrester dimensions .243
Figure O.1 – Position of the fuse wire in different cases (for arresters with
pressure relief devices) .259
Figure O.2 – Circuit layout for surge arresters with pressure relief device.261
Figure O.3 – Circuit layout or surge arresters without pressure relief device .261
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EK75E7315EK731IG5309IJIZ5DF50F765E4567F:3D;75I5FDE0IED495JK795EK75F0FEID9765H4J735G4F
...
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
60099-4
Edition 1.2
2001-12
Edition 1:1991 consolidée par les amendements 1:1998 et 2:2001
Parafoudres –
Partie 4:
Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateurs
pour réseaux à courant alternatif
Cette version française découle de la publication d’origine
bilingue dont les pages anglaises ont été supprimées.
Les numéros de page manquants sont ceux des pages
supprimées.
Numéro de référence
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Numérotation des publications
Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI sont numérotées à partir de
60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 devient la CEI 60034-1.
Editions consolidées
Les versions consolidées de certaines publications de la CEI incorporant les
amendements sont disponibles. Par exemple, les numéros d’édition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2
indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la publication de base incorporant
l’amendement 1, et la publication de base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2
Informations supplémentaires sur les publications de la CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu par la CEI
afin qu'il reflète l'état actuel de la technique. Des renseignements relatifs à cette
publication, y compris sa validité, sont disponibles dans le Catalogue des
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Le catalogue en ligne sur le site web de la CEI (www.iec.ch/searchpub) vous permet
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• IEC Just Published
Ce résumé des dernières publications parues (www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub)
est aussi disponible par courrier électronique. Veuillez prendre contact avec le
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Email: custserv@iec.ch
Tél: +41 22 919 02 11
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
60099-4
Edition 1.2
2001-12
Edition 1:1991 consolidée par les amendements 1:1998 et 2:2001
Parafoudres –
Partie 4:
Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateurs
pour réseaux à courant alternatif
IEC 2001 Droits de reproduction réservés
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
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Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
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...
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
INTERNATIONAL
60099-4
STANDARD
Edition 1.1
1998-08
Edition 1:1991 consolidée par l’amendement 1:1998
Edition 1:1991 consolidated with amendment 1:1998
Parafoudres –
Partie 4:
Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur
pour réseaux à courant alternatif
Surge arresters –
Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
Numéro de référence
Reference number
CEI/IEC 60099-4:1991+A.1:1998
Numéros des publications Numbering
Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are
sont numérotées à partir de 60 000. issued with a designation in the 60 000 series.
Publications consolidées Consolidated publications
Les versions consolidées de certaines publications de Consolidated versions of some IEC publications
la CEI incorporant des amendements sont disponibles. including amendments are available. For example,
Par exemple, les numéros d’édition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to
indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la the base publication, the base publication incor-
publication de base incorporant l’amendement 1, et porating amendment 1 and the base publication
la publication de base incorporant les amendements 1 incorporating amendments 1 and 2.
et 2.
Validité de la présente publication Validity of this publication
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est The technical content of IEC publications is kept under
constamment revu par la CEI afin qu'il reflète l'état constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the
actuel de la technique. content reflects current technology.
Des renseignements relatifs à la date de re- Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of
confirmation de la publication sont disponibles dans le the publication is available in the IEC catalogue.
Catalogue de la CEI.
Les renseignements relatifs à ces révisions, à l'établis- Information on the revision work, the issue of revised
sement des éditions révisées et aux amendements editions and amendments may be obtained from
peuvent être obtenus auprès des Comités nationaux de IEC National Committees and from the following
la CEI et dans les documents ci-dessous: IEC sources:
• «Site web»* de la CEI • IEC web site*
• Catalogue des publications de la CEI • Catalogue of IEC publications
Publié annuellement et mis à jour régulièrement Published yearly with regular updates
(Catalogue en ligne)* (On-line catalogue)*
• Bulletin de la CEI • IEC Bulletin
Disponible sur le «site web»* de la CEI Available both at the IEC web site* and
et comme périodique imprimé as a printed periodical
Terminologie, symboles graphiques Terminology, graphical and letter
et littéraux symbols
En ce qui concerne la terminologie générale, le lecteur For general terminology, readers are referred to
se reportera à la CEI 60050: Vocabulaire Electro- IEC 60050: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
technique International (VEI). (IEV).
Pour les symboles graphiques, les symboles littéraux For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs
et les signes d'usage général approuvés par la CEI, le approved by the IEC for general use, readers are
referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to
lecteur consultera la CEI 60027: Symboles littéraux à
utiliser en électrotechnique, la CEI 60417: Symboles be used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical
graphiques utilisables sur le matériel. Index, relevé et symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and
compilation of the single sheets
compilation des feuilles individuelles, et la CEI 60617: and IEC 60617:
Symboles graphiques pour schémas. Graphical symbols for diagrams.
* Voir adresse «site web» sur la page de titre. * See web site address on title page.
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
INTERNATIONAL
60099-4
STANDARD
Edition 1.1
1998-08
Edition 1:1991 consolidée par l’amendement 1:1998
Edition 1:1991 consolidated with amendment 1:1998
Parafoudres –
Partie 4:
Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans éclateur
pour réseaux à courant alternatif
Surge arresters –
Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
CODE PRIX
International Electrotechnical Commission
PRICE CODE XB
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
SOMMAIRE
Pages
AVANT-PROPOS . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
SECTION 1: GÉNÉRALITÉS
Articles
1.1 Domaine d'application . 12
1.2 Références normatives. 12
SECTION 2: DÉFINITIONS
2.1 Parafoudre à oxyde métallique sans éclateur . 14
2.2 Résistance variable à oxyde métallique. 14
2.3 Système de répartition interne d'un parafoudre . 14
2.4 Anneau de garde d'un parafoudre . 14
2.5 Fraction de parafoudre . 14
2.6 Elément de parafoudre . 14
2.7 Limiteur de pression d'un parafoudre . 14
2.8 Tension assignée d'un parafoudre (U ). 16
r
2.9 Tension de régime permanent d'un parafoudre (U ) . 16
c
2.10 Fréquence nominale d'un parafoudre . 16
2.11 Décharge disruptive. 16
2.12 Perforation (claquage) . 16
2.13 Contournement. 16
2.14 Choc . 16
2.15 Enoncé de la forme d'un choc. 16
2.16 Choc de courant à front raide . 18
2.17 Choc de courant de foudre . 18
2.18 Choc de courant de longue durée . 18
2.19 Valeur de crête d'un choc . 18
2.20 Front d'un choc. 18
2.21 Queue d'un choc . 18
2.22 Origine conventionnelle d'un choc. 18
2.23 Durée conventionnelle du front d'un choc de courant (T ) . 18
2.24 Raideur conventionnelle du front d'un choc . 18
2.25 Durée conventionnelle jusqu'à la mi-valeur sur la queue d'un choc (T ). 20
2.26 Durée conventionnelle de la crête d'un choc rectangulaire . 20
2.27 Durée conventionnelle totale d'un choc rectangulaire . 20
2.28 Valeur de crête de polarité opposée d'un choc . 20
2.29 Courant de décharge d'un parafoudre . 20
2.30 Courant nominal de décharge d'un parafoudre (I ) . 20
n
2.31 Choc de courant de grande amplitude d'un parafoudre. 20
2.32 Courant de choc de manoeuvre d'un parafoudre . 20
2.33 Courant permanent d'un parafoudre. 20
2.34 Courant de référence d'un parafoudre. 22
2.35 Tension de référence d'un parafoudre (U ) . 22
ref
2.36 Tension résiduelle d'un parafoudre (U ) . 22
res
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Clause
1.1 Scope. 13
1.2 Normative references . 13
SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS
2.1 Metal-oxide surge arrester without gaps. 15
2.2 Non-linear metal-oxide resistor . 15
2.3 Internal grading system of an arrester. 15
2.4 Grading ring of an arrester. 15
2.5 Section of an arrester . 15
2.6 Unit of an arrester . 15
2.7 Pressure relief device of an arrester . 15
2.8 Rated voltage of an arrester (U ). 17
r
2.9 Continuous operating voltage of an arrester (U ). 17
c
2.10 Rated frequency of an arrester . 17
2.11 Disruptive discharge . 17
2.12 Puncture (breakdown) . 17
2.13 Flashover . 17
2.14 Impulse . 17
2.15 Designation of an impulse shape . 17
2.16 Steep current impulse. 19
2.17 Lightning current impulse. 19
2.18 Long duration current impulse. 19
2.19 Peak (crest) value of an impulse. 19
2.20 Front of an impulse. 19
2.21 Tail of an impulse . 19
2.22 Virtual origin of an impulse . 19
2.23 Virtual front time of a current impulse (T ) . 19
2.24 Virtual steepness of the front of an impulse. 19
2.25 Virtual time to half value on the tail of an impulse (T ). 21
2.26 Virtual duration of the peak of a rectangular impulse . 21
2.27 Virtual total duration of a rectangular impulse . 21
2.28 Peak (crest) value of opposite polarity of an impulse. 21
2.29 Discharge current of an arrester . 21
2.30 Nominal discharge current of an arrester (I ) . 21
n
2.31 High current impulse of an arrester . 21
2.32 Switching current impulse of an arrester . 21
2.33 Continuous current of an arrester . 21
2.34 Reference current of an arrester . 21
2.35 Reference voltage of an arrester (U ). 23
ref
2.36 Residual voltage of an arrester (U ) . 23
res
– 4 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
Articles Pages
2.37 Caractéristique de tenue d'un parafoudre sous tension à fréquence industrielle
en fonction du temps . 22
2.38 Courant présumé d'un circuit . 22
2.39 Caractéristiques de protection d'un parafoudre . 22
2.40 Emballement thermique d'un parafoudre . 24
2.41 Stabilité thermique d'un parafoudre. 24
2.42 Dispositif de déconnexion pour parafoudre . 24
2.43 Essais de type. 24
2.44 Essais individuels . 24
2.45 Essais de réception . 24
SECTION 3: IDENTIFICATION ET CLASSIFICATION
3.1 Identification des parafoudres. 26
3.2 Classification des parafoudres . 26
SECTION 4: CARACTÉRISTIQUES ASSIGNÉES
4.1 Tensions assignées normales. 30
4.2 Fréquences assignées normales. 30
4.3 Valeurs normales des courants nominaux de décharge . 30
4.4 Conditions de service . 30
SECTION 5: PRESCRIPTIONS
5.1 Tenue diélectrique de l'enveloppe du parafoudre . 32
5.2 Tension de référence. 32
5.3 Tensions résiduelles. 32
5.4 Décharges partielles. 32
5.5 Etanchéité . 32
5.6 Répartition du courant dans les parafoudres à plusieurs colonnes. 34
5.7 Stabilité thermique. 34
5.8 Tenue au choc de courant de longue durée. 34
5.9 Fonctionnement des parafoudres. 34
5.10 Caractéristique de tension à fréquence industrielle en fonction du temps
d'un parafoudre . 36
5.11 Limiteur de pression . 36
5.12 Dispositif de déconnexion . 36
5.13 Prescriptions pour les équipements auxiliaires tels que les éléments de répartition . 36
SECTION 6: CONDITIONS GÉNÉRALES D'EXÉCUTION DES ESSAIS
6.1 Appareillage de mesure et précision . 38
6.2 Mesures de la tension de référence . 38
6.3 Echantillons destinés aux essais. 38
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 5 –
Clause Page
2.37 Power frequency withstand voltage versus time characteristic of an arrester . 23
2.38 Prospective current of a circuit. 23
2.39 Protective characteristics of an arrester . 23
2.40 Thermal runaway of an arrester . 25
2.41 Thermal stability of an arrester . 25
2.42 Arrester disconnector . 25
2.43 Type tests (design tests). 25
2.44 Routine tests . 25
2.45 Acceptance tests . 25
SECTION 3: IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
3.1 Arrester identification. 27
3.2 Arrester classification . 27
SECTION 4: STANDARD RATINGS
4.1 Standard rated voltages. 31
4.2 Standard rated frequencies. 31
4.3 Standard nominal discharge currents . 31
4.4 Service conditions . 31
SECTION 5: REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Insulation withstand of the arrester housing . 33
5.2 Reference voltage . 33
5.3 Residual voltages . 33
5.4 Partial discharges. 33
5.5 Seal leakage . 33
5.6 Current distribution in a multi-column arrester. 35
5.7 Thermal stability . 35
5.8 Long duration current impulse withstand . 35
5.9 Operating duty. 35
5.10 Power frequency voltage versus time characteristics of an arrester . 37
5.11 Pressure relief. 37
5.12 Disconnectors . 37
5.13 Requirements for auxiliary equipment such as grading components . 37
SECTION 6: GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURE
6.1 Measuring equipment and accuracy. 39
6.2 Reference voltage measurements. 39
6.3 Test samples. 39
– 6 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
SECTION 7: ESSAIS DE TYPE
Articles Pages
7.1 Généralités. 40
7.2 Essais de tenue de l'isolation de l'enveloppe du parafoudre . 42
7.3 Essais de vérification de la tension résiduelle . 44
7.4 Essai de tenue aux chocs de courant de longue durée . 46
7.5 Essais de fonctionnement. 50
7.6 Essai des dispositifs de déconnexion pour parafoudres. 64
SECTION 8: ESSAIS INDIVIDUELS ET ESSAIS DE RÉCEPTION
8.1 Essais individuels . 68
8.2 Essais de réception . 68
Figures. 72
Annexes
A Conditions anormales de service. 78
B Essai de vérification de l'équivalence thermique entre un parafoudre complet et
une fraction de parafoudre . 80
C Prescriptions relatives aux parafoudres pour courants de foudre élevés pour
la gamme de tension de 1 kV à 52 kV . 82
D Méthode de vérification de la caractéristique de tension à fréquence industrielle
en fonction du temps d'un parafoudre . 88
E Guide pour le choix de la classe de décharge de ligne . 92
F Essai de pollution artificielle relatif à la contrainte thermique des parafoudres à
oxyde métallique à enveloppe en porcelaine comportant plusieurs éléments. 96
G Renseignements caractéristiques fournis dans les appels d'offres et les offres. 128
H Circuit type pour l'essai de fonctionnement aux chocs de courant de grande amplitude 132
J Circuit type de générateur de choc à constantes réparties pour l'essai de tenue
aux chocs de courant de longue durée . 136
K Tensions résiduelles maximales typiques. 138
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 7 –
SECTION 7: TYPE TESTS (DESIGN TESTS)
Clause Page
7.1 General . 41
7.2 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing . 43
7.3 Residual voltage tests . 45
7.4 Long duration current impulse withstand test. 47
7.5 Operating duty tests . 51
7.6 Tests of arrester disconnectors. 65
SECTION 8: ROUTINE TESTS AND ACCEPTANCE TESTS
8.1 Routine tests . 69
8.2 Acceptance tests . 69
Figures. 73
Annexes
A Abnormal service conditions. 79
B Test to verify thermal equivalency between complete arrester and arrester section . 81
C Requirements for High Lightning Duty arresters for voltage range 1 kV to 52 kV . 83
D Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics of
an arrester . 89
E Guide to selection of line discharge class . 93
F Artificial pollution test with respect to the thermal stress on porcelain-housed
multi-unit metal-oxide surge arresters. 97
G Typical information given with enquiries and tenders . 129
H Typical circuit for high current impulse operating duty test . 133
J Typical circuit for a distributed constant impulse generator for the long duration
current impulse withstand test . 137
K Typical maximum residual voltages . 139
– 8 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
–––––––––––
PARAFOUDRES –
Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans
éclateurs pour réseaux à courant alternatif
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La CEI (Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composée
de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a pour objet de
favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de
l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes internationales.
Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le
sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation
Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés
sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiés
comme normes, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les Comités nationaux.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer de
façon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes
nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale
correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.
5) La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilité
n’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.
6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
La présente Norme internationale a été établie par le comité d'études 37 de la CEI:
Parafoudres.
La présente version consolidée de la CEI 60099-4 est issue de la première édition (1991)
[documents 37(BC)38 et 37(BC)45], et de son amendement 1 (1998) [documents 37/192/FDIS
et 37/198/RVD].
Elle porte le numéro d'édition 1.1.
Une ligne verticale dans la marge indique où la publication de base a été modifiée par
l'amendement 1.
Les annexes A, B, C, D et F font partie intégrante de la présente norme.
Les annexes E, G, H, J et K sont données uniquement à titre d'information.
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––––
SURGE ARRESTERS –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This International Standard has been prepared by IEC technical committee 37: Surge arresters.
This consolidated version of IEC 60099-4 is based on the first edition (1991) [documents
37(CO)38 and 37(CO)45], and its amendment 1 (1998) [documents 37/192/FDIS and
37/198/RVD].
It bears the edition number 1.1.
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendment 1.
Annexes A, B, C, D and F form an integral part of this standard.
Annexes E, G, H, J and K are for information only.
– 10 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
INTRODUCTION
Cette Norme internationale contient des informations minimales pour spécifier et pour essayer
les parafoudres sans éclateur à oxyde métallique destinés à être utilisés sur les réseaux de
puissance en courant alternatif.
Les parafoudres décrits dans cette norme sont couramment utilisés dans des installations
reliées à des lignes aériennes, à la place des parafoudres à éclateurs à résistance variable qui
font l'objet de la CEI 60099-1. La protection des circuits à basse tension (inférieure à 3 kV) est
à l'étude.
Cette norme comprend une procédure de vieillissement accéléré destinée à simuler l'effet à
long terme de la tension et de la température sur les parafoudres à oxyde métallique. La
nécessité d'une telle procédure est liée au fait que les résistances composant le parafoudre
sont soumises en permanence à la tension du réseau pendant toute la durée d'utilisation du
parafoudre.
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard presents the minimum criteria for the requirements and testing of
gapless metal-oxide surge arresters that are applied to a.c. power systems.
Arresters covered by this standard are commonly applied to live/front overhead installations in
place of the non-linear resistor type gapped arresters covered in IEC 60099-1. Protection of
low-voltage circuits, below 3 kV, is under consideration.
An accelerated ageing procedure is incorporated in the standard to simulate the long-term
effects of voltage and temperature on the metal-oxide arrester. This is necessary since the
arrester's resistor elements will have system power frequency voltage continuously applied
across them during the arrester's time in service.
– 12 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
PARAFOUDRES –
Partie 4: Parafoudres à oxyde métallique sans
éclateurs pour réseaux à courant alternatif
1 SECTION 1: GÉNÉRALITÉS
1.1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale s'applique aux parafoudres à résistance variable à oxyde
métallique sans éclateur conçus pour limiter les surtensions sur les réseaux à courant
alternatif.
Cette norme s'applique fondamentalement à tous les parafoudres à oxyde métallique;
cependant, les parafoudres à enveloppe synthétique, les parafoudres destinés aux postes
blindés (GIS), les parafoudres plongés dans un liquide et d'autres parafoudres de type spécial
peuvent exiger une étude particulière pour leur conception, les essais qui leur sont appliqués
et leur utilisation.
1.2 Références normatives
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite,
constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la
publication, les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révision et les
parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à
rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des normes indiquées
ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales
en vigueur.
CEI 60060-1:1989, Techniques des essais à haute tension. Première partie: Définitions et
prescriptions générales relatives aux essais
CEI 60071: Coordination de l'isolement
CEI 60071-2:1976, Coordination de l'isolement. Deuxième partie: Guide d'application
CEI 60099-1:1991, Parafoudres. Partie 1: Parafoudres à résistance variable avec éclateurs
pour réseaux à courant alternatif
CEI 60099-3:1990, Parafoudres. Partie 3: Essais de pollution artificielle des parafoudres
CEI 60270:1981, Mesures des décharges partielles
CEI 60507:1991, Essais sous pollution artificielle des isolateurs pour haute tension destinés
aux réseaux à courant alternatif
CEI 60815:1986, Guide pour le choix des isolateurs sous pollution
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 13 –
SURGE ARRESTERS –
Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps
for a.c. systems
1 SECTION 1: GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This International Standard applies to non-linear metal-oxide resistor type surge arresters
without spark gaps designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits.
This standard basically applies to all metal-oxide surge arresters; however, polymeric housed,
GIS, liquid immersed and other special designs may require special consideration in design,
test and application.
1.2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were
valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques. Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60071: Insulation co-ordination
IEC 60071-2:1976, Insulation co-ordination. Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60099-1:1991, Surge arresters. Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped arresters for a.c.
systems
IEC 60099-3:1990, Surge arresters. Part 3: Artificial pollution testing of surge arresters
IEC 60270:1981, Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60507:1991, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used in a.c. systems
IEC 60815:1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
– 14 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
2 SECTION 2: DÉFINITIONS
Pour les besoins de la présente Norme internationale, les définitions suivantes s'appliquent.
2.1 Parafoudre à oxyde métallique sans éclateur
Parafoudre à résistances variables à oxyde métallique connectées en série et/ou en parallèle,
ne comportant pas d'éclateurs en série ou en parallèle.
2.2 Résistance variable à oxyde métallique
Partie d'un parafoudre qui, par sa caractéristique non linéaire de la tension en fonction du
courant fonctionne comme une résistance de faible valeur pour les surtensions, limitant ainsi la
tension aux bornes du parafoudre, et comme une résistance de valeur élevée à la tension
normale à fréquence industrielle.
2.3 Système de répartition interne d'un parafoudre
Impédances de répartition, en particulier condensateurs de répartition connectés en parallèle
sur une seule résistance ou sur un groupe de résistances non linéaires à oxyde métallique
pour fixer la répartition de la tension le long de la colonne de résistances à oxyde métallique.
2.4 Anneau de garde d'un parafoudre
Une partie métallique, généralement de forme circulaire, montée pour modifier électrostati-
quement la répartition de la tension le long du parafoudre.
2.5 Fraction de parafoudre
Partie complète d'un parafoudre, correctement assemblée, nécessaire pour représenter le
comportement d'un parafoudre complet lors d'un essai particulier. Une fraction de parafoudre
n'est pas nécessairement un élément de parafoudre.
2.6 Elément de parafoudre
Partie d'un parafoudre, entièrement contenue dans une enveloppe, qui peut être connectée en
série et/ou en parallèle avec d'autres éléments pour réaliser un parafoudre ayant des valeurs
assignées de tension et/ou de courant plus élevées. Un élément de parafoudre n'est pas
nécessairement une fraction de parafoudre.
2.7 Limiteur de pression d'un parafoudre
Dispositif destiné à limiter la pression interne d'un parafoudre et à éviter la rupture brutale de
l'enveloppe à la suite du passage prolongé du courant de défaut ou d'un amorçage à l'intérieur
du parafoudre.
60099-4 © IEC:1991+A.1:1998 – 15 –
2 SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
2.1 Metal-oxide surge arrester without gaps
An arrester having non-linear metal-oxide resistors connected in series and/or in parallel
without any integrated series or parallel spark gaps.
2.2 Non-linear metal-oxide resistor
The part of the surge arrester which by its non-linear voltage versus current characteristics
acts as a low resistance to overvoltages, thus limiting the voltage across the arrester terminals,
and as a high resistance at normal power frequency voltage.
2.3 Internal grading system of an arrester
Grading impedances, in particular grading capacitors connected in parallel to one single or to
a group of non-linear metal-oxide resistors, to control the voltage distribution along the metal-
oxide resistor stack.
2.4 Grading ring of an arrester
A metal part, usually circular in shape, mounted to modify electrostatically the voltage
distribution along the arrester.
2.5 Section of an arrester
A complete, suitably assembled part of an arrester necessary to represent the behaviour of a
complete arrester with respect to a particular test. A section of an arrester is not necessarily a
unit of an arrester.
2.6 Unit of an arrester
A completely housed part of an arrester which may be connected in series and/or in parallel
with other units to construct an arrester of higher voltage and/or current rating. A unit of an
arrester is not necessarily a section of an arrester.
2.7 Pressure relief device of an arrester
Means for relieving internal pressure in an arrester and preventing violent shattering of the
housing following prolonged passage of fault current or internal flashover of the arrester.
– 16 – 60099-4 © CEI:1991+A.1:1998
2.8 Tension assignée d'un parafoudre (U )
r
Valeur maximale de la tension efficace à fréquence industrielle admissible entre ses bornes
pour laquelle le parafoudre est prévu pour fonctionner correctement dans des conditions de
surtension temporaires comme il est défini dans les essais de fonctionnement, voir 7.5. La
tension assignée est utilisée comme un paramètre de référence pour la spécification des
caractéristiques de fonctionnement.
NOTE – La tension assignée comme définie dans le présent docume
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60099-4 © IEC:1991+A1:1998+A2:2001 – 9 –
Figure 4 – Thermal stability test on 10 000 A arresters line discharge classes 2 and 3
and 20 000 A arresters line discharge classes 4 and 5, see 8.2.2.155
Figure 5 – Power losses of arrester at elevated temperatures versus time. 67
Figure 6 – Thermomechanical test . 93
Figure 7 – Example of the test arrangement for the thermomechanical test and direction
of the cantilever load . 95
Figure 8 – Water immersion. 97
Figure 9 – Example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle under operating voltage
(according to IEC 61109) .103
Figure 10 – Another example of an accelerated weather ageing cycle .105
Figure 11 – Test set-up for insulation withstand test of separable arresters in
insulating housings .125
Figure C.1 – Operating duty test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters .163
Figure C.2 – Thermal stability test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters, see 8.2.2 .163
Figure D.1 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 10 000 A line discharge class 1, 5 000 A, 2 500 A and 1 500 A
arresters.165
Figure D.2 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 20 000 A High Lightning Duty arresters.167
Figure D.3 – Procedure to verify the power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
of an arrester. Test on 10 000 A arresters, line discharge classes 2
and 3 and 20 000 A arresters, line discharge classes 4 and 5 .167
Figure E.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching
impulse residual voltage (U ) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage U of the arrester.171
a r
Figure F.1 – Flow-chart showing the procedure for determining the preheating of
a test sample.179
Figure H.1 – Typical test circuit diagram for high current impulse operating duty test.209
Figure J.1 – Typical distributed constant impulse generator for the long duration
impulse test.213
Figure M.1 – Typical three-phase arrester installation .231
Figure M.2 – Simplified multi-stage equivalent circuit of an arrester.231
Figure M.3 – Geometry of arrester model.233
Figure M.4 – Example of voltage-current characteristic of metal-oxide resistors
at +20 °C in the leakage current region .235
Figure M.5 – Calculated voltage stress along the resistor column in case B.235
Figure N.1 – Bending moment – multi-unit surge arrester .237
Figure N.2 – Surge arrester unit.241
Figure N.3 – Surge arrester dimensions .243
Figure O.1 – Position of the fuse wire in different cases (for arresters with
pressure relief devices) .259
Figure O.2 – Circuit layout for surge arresters with pressure relief device.261
Figure O.3 – Circuit layout or surge arresters without pressure relief device .261
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