IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014
(Main)Nanomanufacturing - Key control characteristics - Part 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries - Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
Nanomanufacturing - Key control characteristics - Part 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries - Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014(E) provides a standardized method for the determination of electrochemical properties of lithium ion battery cathode nanomaterials to enable customers to decide whether or not a cathode nanomaterial is usable; and select a cathode nanomaterial suitable for their application. This technical specification includes
- definitions of terminology used in this document;
- recommendations for sample preparation;
- outlines of the experimental procedures used to measure cathode nanomaterial properties;
- methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis;
- case studies; and
- references.
The future utilisation of renewable energy technologies depends significantly on the development of efficient systems for energy storage. Conventional approaches exist for the storage of electrical energy from stationary power plants, currently fuelled by many new ideas in conjunction with the emerging "smart grid". For future e-mobility for individual transportation there is only one attractive solution: a battery that can store enough energy to allow all-electric driving with a range of several hundred kilometres. The current solutions already on the market can only be regarded as temporary solutions. From today's perspective, lithium-ion batteries and their derivative innovative concepts must be regarded as the most promising candidates. Electrodes made from nanoscale composites will play a key role in the future. Innovative materials will be developed and systematically optimized, which implies testing of a large number of different materials. Characterization of the electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials used in lithium ion batteries is important for their customized development. This IEC technical specification provides a standard methodology which can be used to characterize the electrochemical properties of new cathode nanomaterials that will be employed in lithium ion batteries. Following this method will allow comparison of different types of cathode nanomaterial and comparison of the results of different research groups.
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IEC TS 62607-4-1
®
Edition 1.0 2014-02
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics –
Part 4-1 Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries – Electrochemical
characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014-02(en)
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IEC TS 62607-4-1
®
Edition 1.0 2014-02
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics –
Part 4-1 Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries – Electrochemical
characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
Q
ICS 07.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-1434-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
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– 2 – IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 7
4 Sample preparation methods . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Reagents . 8
4.2.1 Cathode foil . 8
4.2.2 Anode . 8
4.2.3 Solvents and separator . 8
4.3 Pre-treatment of the cathode nanomaterial . 8
4.4 Preparation of the screw cell . 9
4.5 Disassembly of the screw cell . 10
5 Measurement of electrochemical properties . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) . 10
5.2.1 Demarcation of method . 10
5.2.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10
5.3 Potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) . 10
5.3.1 Demarcation of method . 10
5.3.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10
5.4 Charge discharge experiment (constant current constant voltage, CCCV) . 10
5.4.1 Demarcation of method . 10
5.4.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 11
6 Data analysis / Interpretation of results . 11
6.1 Open circuit potential . 11
6.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy . 11
6.3 Constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging-discharging . 11
Annex A (informative) Case study . 12
A.1 Sample preparation . 12
A.2 Results for a LCO electrode . 15
Figure A.1 – Components for the cell . 12
Figure A.2 – Construction steps (a to g) . 14
Figure A.3 – Open circuit voltage/potential time graph . 15
Figure A.4 – Electrochemical impedance graph . 15
Figure A.5 – Constant current / constant voltage – Charge / Discharge . 16
Figure A.6 – Capacity per cycle . 17
Table 1 – Spring force and pressure . 9
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IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOMANUFACTURING –
KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS –
Part 4-1 Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries –
Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC 62607-4-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and
systems.
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– 4 – IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014 © IEC 2014
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/173/DTS 113/192/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics , can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International Standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The future utilisation of renewable energy technologies depends significantly on the
development of efficient systems for energy storage. Conventional approaches exist for the
storage of electrical energy from stationary power plants, currently fuelled by many new ideas
in conjunction with the emerging "smart grid". For future e-mobility for individual
transportation there is only one attractive solution: a battery that can store enough energy to
allow all-electric driving with a range of several hundred kilometres. The current solutions
already on the market can only be regarded as temporary solutions. From today's perspective,
lithium-ion batteries and their derivative innovative concepts must be regarded as the most
promising candidates. Electrodes made from nanoscale composites will play a key role in the
future. Innovative materials will be developed and systematically optimized, which implies
testing of a large number of different materials.
Characterization of the electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials used in lithium
ion batteries is important for their customized development. This IEC technical specification
provides a standard methodology which can be used to characterize the electrochemical
properties of new cathode nanomaterials that will be employed in lithium ion batteries.
Following this method will allow comparison of different types of cathode nanomaterial and
comparison of the results of different research groups.
A revised edition 2.0 is already under preparation to introduce changes proposed by IEC SC
21A. The future edition may e.g. include the following changes:
• The title will be amended: the term “lithium ion batteries" will be replaced by “nano-
enabled electrical energy storage”.
• The scope will be revised to change the phrase "lithium ion battery" to e.g., "lithium ion
batteries utilizing lithium iron phosphate".
• The definition of "electrode nanomaterials" will be revised to be more specific, reading
e.g. "electrode containing a nanomaterial portion of more than xx% by weight".
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– 6 – IEC TS 62607-4-1:2014 © IEC 2014
NANOMANUFACTURING –
KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS –
Part 4-1 Cathode nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries –
Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62607 provides a standardized method for the determination of
electrochemical properties of lithium ion battery cathode nanomaterials to enable customers
to:
a) decide whether or not a cathode nanomaterial is usable, and
b) select a cathode nanomaterial suitable for their application.
This technical specification includes:
– definitions of terminology used in this document,
– recommendations for sample preparation,
– outlines of the experimental procedures used to measure cathode nanomaterial properties,
– methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis,
– case studies and
– references.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 1: Core
...
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