IEC/TR 61000-3-7

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a fluctuating installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces voltage flicker and / or rapid voltage changes. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all flicker situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and engineering judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to the system. The fluctuating installation is to be understood as the customer's complete installation (i.e. including fluctuating and non fluctuating parts). Problems related to voltage fluctuations fall into two basic categories:
- Flicker effect from light sources as a result of voltage fluctuations;
- Rapid voltage changes even within the normal operational voltage tolerances are considered as a disturbing phenomenon.
The report gives guidance for the coordination of the flicker emissions between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. This report primarily focuses on controlling or limiting flicker, but a clause is included to address the limitation of rapid voltage changes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a technical revision. This new edition is significantly more streamlined than the original technical report (Edition 1), and reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. This technical report has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti - Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

Ta del standarda IEC 61000 vključuje napotke glede načel, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti kot osnovo za določanje zahtev za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednjenapetostna (SN) in visokonapetostna (VN) elektroenergetska omrežja ter elektroenergetska omrežja zelo visoke napetosti (EVN) (nizkonapetostne naprave so obravnavane v drugih dokumentih IEC). Naprava s spreminjajočo se močjo je za namene tega poročila naprava (ki je lahko obremenitev ali generator), ki proizvaja nihanja napetosti in/ali hitre spremembe napetosti. Glavni cilj je operaterjem ali lastnikom sistema zagotoviti napotke za inženirske prakse, kar bo olajšalo zagotavljanje ustrezne kakovosti storitev za vse priklopljene stranke. Namen tega poročila v okviru obravnavanja naprav ni nadomestitev standardov opreme za oddajne meje.

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• Technical Committee: SC 77A - EMC - Low frequency phenomena
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 22-Feb-2008
• Ref Project: SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

Overview

IEC/TR 61000-3-7 (based on IEC/TR 61000-3-7 Edition 2.0, 2008-02) is a technical report in the IEC 61000 EMC series that provides guidance for assessing emission limits when connecting fluctuating installations to medium-voltage (MV), high-voltage (HV) and extra-high-voltage (EHV) public power systems. A fluctuating installation is any load or generator that produces voltage flicker and/or rapid voltage changes. The report’s primary objective is to help system operators and owners apply engineering practices that maintain adequate power quality for all customers. It does not replace equipment emission standards.

Key topics and technical content

• Fundamental EMC concepts related to voltage fluctuations: compatibility levels and planning levels (with references to LV compatibility in IEC 61000-2-2).
• Three-stage assessment procedure:
  • Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission,
  • Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics,
  • Stage 3: conditional acceptance of higher emission levels.
• Emission limits and sharing rules for MV, HV and EHV systems, including global and individual contribution allocation.
• Flicker assessment: definition of flicker emission level, assessment methods and flicker transfer coefficients.
• System parameters needed for assessments: declared short-circuit power or impedance and guidance on their use for pre- and post-connection evaluations.
• Rapid voltage changes: compatibility/planning levels and emission limits for switching and motor-start events.
• Summation law and practical calculation guidance.
• Extensive informative annexes with P = 1 curves, transfer coefficient guidelines, example case studies, calculation simplifications and symbol lists.

Practical applications and users

This technical report is used to:

• Assess pre-connection and post-connection emission limits for fluctuating loads and generators.
• Define engineering and contractual limits for new industrial plants, large-scale renewables or converter-based resources that can cause flicker.
• Support grid planning, power quality studies and negotiations between system operators, distribution owners, plant engineers, consultants and equipment manufacturers.
• Provide reference procedures and worked examples for determining when mitigation or operational restrictions are needed.

Related standards

• IEC 61000 series (EMC framework)
• IEC/TR 61000-3-6 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13 (harmonised with this report)
• IEC 61000-2-2 (compatibility levels for low-voltage systems)

Keywords: IEC/TR 61000-3-7, EMC, emission limits, flicker, fluctuating installations, MV HV EHV, voltage fluctuations, flicker transfer coefficient, power quality.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2013
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SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVW(0&GHO0HMQHYUHGQRVWL2FHQDRGGDMQLK
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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for
the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC/TR 61000-3-7
ICS:
33.100.10 Emisija Emission
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Edition 2.0 2008-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-7: Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of
fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 2-8318-9606-1

– 2 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.8

1 Scope.9
2 Normative references .10
3 Terms and definitions .10
4 Basic EMC concepts related to voltage fluctuations.13
4.1 Compatibility levels .14
4.2 Planning levels.14
4.2.1 Indicative values of planning levels.14
4.2.2 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels.15
4.3 Illustration of EMC concepts.16
4.4 Emission levels .17
5 General principles .18
5.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .18
5.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.18
5.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.19
5.4 Responsibilities .19
6 General guidelines for the assessment of emission levels .19
6.1 Point of evaluation.19
6.2 Definition of flicker emission level .20
6.3 Assessment of flicker emission levels.20
6.4 Declared system short circuit power or impedance .21
6.4.1 Short-circuit power or impedance for pre-connection assessment of
emission levels.21
6.4.2 Short-circuit power or impedance for assessing actual emission
levels.21
6.5 General guidelines for assessing the declared system impedance.21
7 General summation law .21
8 Emission limits for fluctuating installations connected to MV systems .22
8.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .22
8.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.23
8.2.1 Global emission to be shared between the customers.23
8.2.2 Individual emission limits .24
8.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.25
8.4 Summary diagram of the evaluation procedure .26
9 Emission limits for fluctuating installations connected to HV or EHV systems .28
9.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .28
9.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.28
9.2.1 Assessment of the total available power .28
9.2.2 Individual emission limits .29
9.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.30
10 Rapid voltage changes .31
10.1 General considerations.31
10.2 Compatibility level .32

TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 3 –
10.3 Planning levels.32
10.4 Emission limits .33
10.5 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels & emission
limits .33

Annex A (informative) P = 1 curves and numerical data for 230 V and 120 V

st
applications .34
Annex B (informative) Guidelines on the assessment of flicker transfer coefficient.36
Annex C (informative) Example of reallocation of global contributions and planning
levels considering transfer coefficients.37
Annex D (informative) The use of the severity indicators A and A to simplify
st lt
calculations.39
Annex E (informative) Pre-connection and post-connection assessment of emission for
P .40
st
Annex F (informative) Addition of P from different busbars.49
st
Annex G (informative) Examples of case studies .51
Annex H (informative) List of symbols and subscripts .62

Bibliography.64

Figure 1 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time/ location statistics
covering the whole system.17
Figure 2 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time statistics relevant to
one site within the whole system.
Figure 3 – Example of a system for sharing global contributions at MV .23
Figure 4 – Diagram of evaluation procedure.27
Figure 5 – Determination of S for a simple HV or EHV system.28
t
Figure 6 – Determination of S for a meshed HV or EHV system .29
t
Figure 7 – Equivalent circuit and vector diagram for simple assessments .31
Figure 8 – Example rapid voltage change associated with motor starting .31
Figure 9 – Example rapid voltage change associated with capacitor switching .32
Figure A.1 – P = 1 curve for regular rectangular voltage changes [13].34
st
Figure E.1 – Shape factor curve for pulse and ramp changes .41
Figure E.2 – Shape factor curves for double-step and double-ramp changes .42
Figure E.3 – Shape factor curves for sinusoidal and triangular changes.42
Figure E.4 – Shape factor curves for aperiodic changes .43
Figure E.5 – Accounting for network loading .45
Figure E.6 – System for flicker emission assessment.47
Figure E.7 – Assessment of emission level using current measurements .48
Figure F.1 – Example of two loads fed from different busbars .49
Figure G.1 – Example of effect from a rolling mill.51
Figure G.2 – Example of effect of multiple spot welder load .53
Figure G.3 – Example profile of winder reactive power levels.57
Figure G.4 – Normal system configuration .58
Figure G.5 – Busbars coupled.59

– 4 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
Figure G.6 – "n-1" system configuration.60
Figure G.7 – Operation without SVC .61

Table 1 – Compatibility levels for flicker in low voltage systems reproduced from
IEC 61000-2-2 .14
Table 2 – Indicative values of planning levels for flicker in MV, HV and EHV power
systems .15
Table 3 – Stage 1 limits for the relative changes in power as a function of the number
of changes per minute .22
Table 4 – Minimum emission limits at MV.25
Table 5 – Minimum emission limits at HV-EHV.30
Table 6 – Indicative planning levels for rapid voltage changes as a function of the
number of such changes in a given period .33
Table A.1 – Input relative voltage fluctuation ΔV/V for P =1,0 at output [13] .34
st
Table B.1 – Example of flicker transfer coefficients.36
Table D.1 – Compatibility levels for A and A in LV and MV power systems.39

st lt
Table D.2 – Indicative values of planning levels for A and A in MV, HV and EHV
st lt
power systems.39
Table G.1 – Flicker measurements for example G.3, flicker effects, normal operation .56

TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This Technical Report forms Part 3-7 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC
publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107 [17].
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a
technical revision.
___________
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

– 6 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
This new edition is significantly more streamlined than the original technical report (Edition 1),
and reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. This technical report
has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6 [18] and IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [19].
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
77A/576/DTR 77A/615/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61000 series, under the general title Electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits
(in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of product committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts published either as International Standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).

– 8 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In 2002, the IEC subcommittee 77A made a request to CIGRE Study Committee C4 and
CIRED Study Committee S2, to organize an appropriate technical forum (joint working group)
whose scope was to prepare, among other tasks, the revision of the Technical Report
IEC 61000-3-7 concerning emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to
public supply systems at MV, HV and EHV.
To this effect, Joint Working Group CIGRE C4.103/ CIRED entitled ‘’Emission Limits for
Disturbing Installations’’ was appointed in 2003. Some previous work produced by CIGRE
JWG C4.07-CIRED has been used as an input to the revision, in particular the planning levels
and associated indices, along with the experience since the technical report IEC 61000-3-7
was initially published in 1996.
Subsequent endorsement of the document by IEC was the responsibility of SC 77A.
It may also be worthwhile mentioning that another CIGRE Working Group is currently
preparing a Technical Report for reviewing the flicker measurement results available
internationally along with the flicker propagation characteristics in systems and the related
objectives (flicker levels).
TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 9 –
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for
determining the requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and
EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the
purposes of this report, a fluctuating installation means an installation (which may be a load or
a generator) that produces voltage flicker and / or rapid voltage changes. The primary
objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices
which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In
addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for
emission limits.
This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It
does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the
system can be increased.
Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying
assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum
solution for all flicker situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility
and engineering judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given
assessment procedures in full or in part.
The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of
fluctuating installations to the system. The fluctuating installation is to be understood as the
customer’s complete installation (i.e. including fluctuating and non fluctuating parts).
Problems related to voltage fluctuations fall into two basic categories:
• Flicker effect from light sources as a result of voltage fluctuations;
• Rapid voltage changes even within the normal operational voltage tolerances are
considered as a disturbing phenomenon.
The report gives guidance for the coordination of the flicker emissions between different
voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. This report
primarily focuses on controlling or limiting flicker, but a clause is included to address the
limitation of rapid voltage changes.
NOTE The boundaries between the various voltage levels may be different for different countries (see
IEV 601-01-28) [16]. This report uses the following terms for system voltage:
− low voltage (LV) refers to Un ≤ 1 kV;
− medium voltage (MV) refers to 1 kV < Un ≤ 35 kV;
− high voltage (HV) refers to 35 kV < Un ≤ 230 kV;
− extra high voltage (EHV) refers to 230 kV < Un.
In the context of this report, the function of the system is more important than its nominal voltage. For example, a
HV system used for distribution may be given a "planning level" which is situated between those of MV and HV
systems.
– 10 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050(161), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 61000, the following definitions apply as well as the
definitions in IEC 60050(161).
3.1
agreed power
value of the apparent power of the disturbing installation on which the customer and the
system operator or owner agree. In the case of several points of connection, a different value
may be defined for each connection point
3.2
customer
a person, company or organization that operates an installation connected to, or entitled to be
connected to, a supply system by a system operator or owner
3.3
(electromagnetic) disturbance
any electromagnetic phenomenon which, by being present in the electromagnetic
environment, can cause electrical equipment to depart from its intended performance
3.4
disturbance level
the amount or magnitude of an electromagnetic disturbance measured and evaluated in a
specified way
3.5
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
NOTE 1 Electromagnetic compatibility is a condition of the electromagnetic environment such that, for every
phenomenon, the disturbance emission level is sufficiently low and immunity levels are sufficiently high so that all
devices, equipment and systems operate as intended.
NOTE 2 Electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission and immunity levels are controlled such that
the immunity levels of the devices, equipment and systems at any location are not exceeded by the disturbance
level at that location resulting from the cumulative emissions of all sources and other factors such as circuit
impedances. Conventionally, compatibility is said to exist if the probability of the departure from intended
performance is sufficiently low. See Clause 4 of IEC 61000-2-1 [20].
NOTE 3 Where the context requires it, compatibility may be understood to refer to a single disturbance or class of
disturbances.
NOTE 4 Electromagnetic compatibility is a term used also to describe the field of study of the adverse
electromagnetic effects which devices, equipment and systems undergo from each other or from electromagnetic
phenomena.
TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 11 –
3.6
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level in a specified
environment for coordination in the setting of emission and immunity limits
NOTE By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability (for example 5%)
that it will be exceeded by the actual disturbance level.
3.7
emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source of electromagnetic
disturbance
[IEV 161-01-08 modified]
NOTE For the purpose of this report, emission refers to phenomena or conducted electromagnetic disturbances
that can cause flicker or fluctuations of the supply voltage.
3.8
emission level
level of a given electromagnetic disturbance emitted from a particular device, equipment,
system or disturbing installation as a whole, assessed and measured in a specified manner
3.9
emission limit
maximum emission level specified for a particular device, equipment, system or disturbing
installation as a whole
3.10
flicker
impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus whose luminance
or spectral distribution fluctuates with time
NOTE Flicker is the effect on the incandescent lamps while the electromagnetic phenomenon causing it is
referred as voltage fluctuations.
3.11
fluctuating installation
an electrical installation as a whole (i.e. including fluctuating and non-fluctuating parts) which
is characterized by repeated or sudden power fluctuations, or start-up or inrush currents
which can produce flicker or rapid voltage changes on the supply system to which it is
connected
NOTE For the purpose of this report, all references to fluctuating installations not only include loads, but also
generating plants.
3.12
fundamental frequency
frequency in the spectrum obtained from a Fourier transform of a time function, to which all
the frequencies of the spectrum are referred. For the purpose of this technical report, the
fundamental frequency is the same as the power supply frequency
NOTE In the case of a periodic function, the fundamental frequency is generally equal to the frequency of the
function itself.
3.13
generating plant
any equipment that produces electricity together with any directly connected or associated
equipment such as a unit transformer or converter

– 12 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
3.14
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
3.15
immunity level
maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance on a particular device, equipment or
system for which it remains capable of operating with a declared degree of performance
3.16
interharmonic frequency
any frequency which is not an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
NOTE 1 By extension from harmonic order, the interharmonic order is the ratio of the interharmonic frequency to
the fundamental frequency. This ratio is not an integer (recommended notation “m”).
NOTE 2 In the case where m < 1 the term subharmonic frequency may be used.
3.17
interharmonic component
component having an interharmonic frequency. For brevity, such a component may be
referred to simply as an “interharmonic”
3.18
normal operating conditions
operating conditions of the system or of the disturbing installation typically including all
generation variations, load variations and reactive compensation or filter states (e.g. shunt
capacitor states), planned outages and arrangements during maintenance and construction
work, non-ideal operating conditions and normal contingencies under which the considered
system or disturbing installation has been designed to operate
NOTE Normal system operating conditions typically exclude: conditions arising as a result of a fault or a
combination of faults beyond that planned for under the system security standard, exceptional situations and
unavoidable circumstances (for example: force majeure, exceptional weather conditions and other natural
disasters, acts by public authorities, industrial actions), cases where system users significantly exceed their
emission limits or do not comply with the connection requirements, and temporary generation or supply
arrangements adopted to maintain supply to customers during maintenance or construction work, where otherwise
supply would be interrupted
3.19
planning level
level of a particular disturbance in a particular environment, adopted as a reference value for
the limits to be set for the emissions from the installations in a particular system, in order to
coordinate those limits with all the limits adopted for equipment and installations intended to
be connected to the power supply system
NOTE Planning levels are considered internal quality objectives to be specified at a local level by those
responsible for planning and operating the power supply system in the relevant area.
3.20
point of common coupling (PCC)
point in the public system which is electrically closest to the installation concerned and to
which other installations are or may be connected. The PCC is a point located upstream of
the considered installation
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.21
point of connection (POC)
point on a public power supply system where the installation under consideration is, or can be
connected
TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 13 –
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.22
point of evaluation (POE)
point on a public power supply system where the emission levels of a given installation are to
be assessed against the emission limits. This point can be the point of common coupling
(PCC) or the point of connection (POC) or any other point specified by the system operator or
owner or agreed upon
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.23
rapid voltage changes
changes in fundamental frequency r.m.s. voltages over several cycles; rapid voltage changes
could also be in the form of cyclic changes
NOTE Rapid voltage changes are often caused by start-ups, inrush currents or switching operation of equipment.
3.24
short circuit power
theoretical value expressed in MVA of the initial symmetrical three-phase short-circuit power
at a point on the supply system. It is defined as the product of the initial symmetrical short-
circuit current, the nominal system voltage and the factor √3 with the aperiodic component
(DC) being neglected
3.25
spur
a feeder branch off a main feeder (typically applied on MV and LV feeders)
3.26
supply system
all the lines, switchgear and transformers operating at various voltages which make up the
transmission systems and distribution systems to which customers’ installations are
connected
3.27
system operator or owner
entity responsible for making technical connection agreements with customers who are
seeking connection of load or generation to a distribution or transmission system
3.28
transfer coefficient (influence coefficient)
the relative level of disturbance that can be transferred between two busbars or two parts of a
power system for various operating conditions
3.29
voltage fluctuations
a series of voltage changes or a cyclic variation of the voltage envelope
4 Basic EMC concepts related to voltage fluctuations
The international flickermeter (see IEC 61000-4-15 [1]) provides two quantities to
characterize the flicker severity: P (“st” referring to “short term”: one value is obtained for
st
each 10 min period) and P (“lt” referring to “long term”: one value is obtained for each 2 h
lt
period). The flicker related voltage quality criteria are generally expressed in terms of P
st
and/or P , with P typically being derived from groups of 12 consecutive P values.
lt lt st
___________
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

– 14 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
P = ⋅ P (1)
lt st
∑ j
j=1
Flicker emission levels are assessed at the point of evaluation (POE) of a fluctuating
installation (see Clause 6), at the MV, HV or EHV level in the context of this report. However,
it should be remembered that the background for limits is the possible annoyance to LV
customers, therefore flicker attenuation between LV, MV, HV and EHV should be considered
in assessing the impact of emissions.
It is also assumed in this report that the flickermeter and the associated severity factors are
adapted to the type of incandescent lamps in use (e.g.: 120 V or 230 V) so that the flicker
limits remain the same irrespective of the voltage of the lamps. This is important because
120 V lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than 230 V lamps (see Annex A) and
100 V lamps are even less sensitive.
The development of emission limits for individual equipment or a customer’s total installation
should be based on the effect that these emissions will have on the quality of the voltage.
Some basic concepts are used to evaluate voltage quality. In order for these concepts to be
used for evaluation at specific locations, they are defined in terms of where they apply
(locations), how they are measured (measurement duration, sample times, averaging
durations, statistics), and how they are calculated. These concepts are described hereafter
and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Definitions may be found in IEV 60050(161).
4.1 Compatibility levels
These are reference values (see Table 1) for coordinating the emission and immunity of
equipment which is part of, or supplied by, a supply system in order to ensure the EMC in the
whole system (including system and connected equipment). Compatibility levels are generally
based on the 95 % probability levels of entire systems, using statistical distributions which
represent both time and space variations of disturbances. There is allowance for the fact that
the system operator or owner cannot control all points of a system at all times. Therefore,
evaluation with respect to compatibility levels should be made on a system-wide basis and no
assessment method is provided for evaluation at a specific location.
The compatibility levels for flicker in LV systems are reproduced in Table 1 from
IEC 61000-2-2 [2]. In some cases, higher values have been reported without a correlation
with complaints. In these cases, measurements were possibly made at EHV/HV levels, during
daylight hours, or for other reasons. Additional information is available in reference [3].
Compatibility levels are not defined by IEC for MV, HV and EHV systems.
Table 1 – Compatibility levels for flicker in low voltage systems
reproduced from IEC 61000-2-2
Compatibility
levels
P 1,0
st
P 0,8
lt
4.2 Planning levels
4.2.1 Indicative values of planning levels
These are voltage flicker levels that can be used for the purpose of determining emission
limits, taking into consideration all fluctuating installations. Planning levels are specified by
the system operator or owner for all system voltage levels and can be considered as internal

TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 15 –
quality objectives of the system operator or owner and may be made available to individual
customers on request. Planning levels should allow coordination of voltage fluctuations
between different voltage levels. It is worth noting that at HV and EHV, coordination of flicker
levels can still be achieved while considering the attenuation of flicker due to motor loads and
generators connected downstream which have a steadying influence on voltages and can
reduce flicker perception.
Only indicative values may be given because planning levels will differ from case to case,
depending on system structure and circumstances. Indicative values of planning levels for
flicker are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Indicative values of planning levels for flicker
in MV, HV and EHV power systems
Planning levels
(see NOTE 2)
MV HV-EHV
P 0,9 0,8
st
P 0,6
lt
0,7
NOTE 1 These values were chosen on the assumption that the transfer coefficient between MV or HV systems
and LV systems is unity.
NOTE 2 In practice, the transfer coefficients between different voltage levels are less than 1,0. This can be taken
into account when establishing new planning levels. For example, a typical value for the transfer coefficient
between HV and LV is T = 0,8. In such a case, the indicative planning level for HV becomes
PstHL
L = 0,8/0,8 = 1,0.
PstHV
NOTE 3 In some countries, planning levels are defined in national standards or guidelines.
NOTE 4 Voltage characteristics that are quasi-guaranteed levels exist in some countries for MV and HV systems.
Theses should be coordinated with the planning levels [3].
As stated in NOTE 2, for the purpose of setting emission limits, it is recommended to weight
the given planning levels at MV and HV-EHV by taking into account the flicker transfer
coefficient from the source of emissions to the POE at EHV, HV, MV and LV. In addition,
planning levels must allow coordination between different voltage levels. To enable this, the
system operator or owner has to evaluate the flicker transfer coefficients for various operating
conditions of the system. Further discussion of the assessment of flicker transfer coefficients
is given in Annex B of this report. Reallocation of planning levels is exemplified in Annex C.
Where national circumstances make it appropriate depending on system characteristics,
intermediate values of planning levels may be needed between the MV and HV EHV values
due to the possibly wide range of voltage levels included in HV-EHV (>35 kV). Additionally, an
apportioning of planning levels between HV and EHV may also be necessary to take account
of the impact on HV systems of disturbing installations connected at EHV.
The remainder of this report outlines procedures for using these planning levels to establish
the emission limits for individual fluctuating installations.
4.2.2 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels
The measurement methods to be used for flicker is the class A method specified in
IEC 61000-4-30 [4] and the related IEC 61000-4-15 [1]. The data flagged in accordance with
IEC 61000-4-30 should be removed from the assessment. For clarity, where data is flagged,
the percentile used in calculating the indices defined below is calculated using only the valid
(unflagged) data.
– 16 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
The minimum measurement period is one week with normal business activity. The monitoring
period should include some part of the period of expected maximum flicker levels.
One or more of the following indices may be used to compare the actual flicker levels with the
planning levels. More than one index may be needed for planning levels in order to assess
the impact of higher emission levels allowed for shorter periods of time such as during bursts
or start-up conditions.
– The 95 % probability weekly value of P .
st
– The 99 % probability weekly value of P .
st
– The 95 % probability weekly value of P .
lt
NOTE It is recommended that each new P value be incorporated in a revised P calculation using a sliding
st lt
window where the oldest P measurement is replaced by the newest P value at each 10 minute interval. This
st st
recommended P calculation procedure results in 144 P values each day. In some cases, this may require post-
lt lt
processing of P outputs from a flickermeter.
st
The 95 % probability value should not exceed the planning level. The 99 % probability value
may exceed the planning level by a factor (for example: 1 to 1,5) to be specified by the
system operator or owner, depending on the system and load characteristics.
NOTE Comparing 99 % to 95 % percentiles may be useful. If the ratio between them is greater than 1,3 (1,3 is
typical of a single arc furnace installation) one should investigate the reason for the discrepancy. Possible
abnormal results (e.g. due to voltage dips or other transients) should then be eliminated.
4.3 Illustration of EMC concepts
The basic concepts of planning and compatibility levels are illustrated in Figure 1 and
Figure 2. They are intended to emphasize the most important relationships between the basic
variables.
Within an entire power system it is inevitable that some level of interference will occur on
some occasions, hence there is a risk of overlapping between the distributions of disturbance
levels and immunity levels (see Figure 1). Planning levels are generally equal to or lower than
the compatibility level (for flicker, the transfer characteristics between different voltage levels
may allow planning levels at HV and EHV to be higher while still achieving coordination with
the compatibility levels that apply at LV); they are specified by the system operator or owner.
Im
...

SLOVENSKI SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7

STANDARD
maj 2013
Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti –
Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo
v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations
to MV, HV and EHV power systems

Referenčna oznaka
ICS 33.100.10 SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 (sl)

Nadaljevanje na straneh 2 do 65

© 2017-07. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
NACIONALNI UVOD
Tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 (sl), Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del:
Mejne vrednosti – Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN
elektroenergetska omrežja, 2013, ima status slovenskega tehničnega poročila in je istovetno
mednarodnemu tehničnemu poročilu IEC/TR 61000-3-7 (en), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-7: Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV
and EHV power systems, ed. 2.0, 2008.

To tehnično poročilo nadomešča SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Mednarodno tehnično poročilo IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008 je pripravil tehnični odbor Mednarodne
elektrotehniške komisije IEC/TC 77A Nizkofrekvenčni pojavi.

Slovensko tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 je prevod mednarodnega tehničnega
poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008. V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem
dokumentu je odločilno izvirno mednarodno tehnično poročilo v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo
tehničnega poročila je potrdil tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC Elektromagnetna združljivost.

Odločitev za privzem tega tehničnega poročila je v aprilu 2013 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC
Elektromagnetna združljivost.
ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST IEC 60050-161 Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) – 161. del: Elektromagnetna
združljivost
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO
– privzem tehničnega poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008

PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004

OPOMBI:
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "mednarodno tehnična poročilo", v SIST-TP
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del tehničnega poročila.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor .6
Uvod .8
Potrdilo .9
1 Področje uporabe .10
2 Zveze s standardi .10
3 Izrazi in definicije .11
4 Osnovni pojmi EMC, povezani s kolebanjem napetosti .14
4.1 Ravni združljivosti .15
4.2 Ravni načrtovanja .15
4.2.1 Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja .15
4.2.2 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja .16
4.3 Ponazoritev konceptov EMC .17
4.4 Oddajne ravni .18
5 Splošna načela .18
5.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motnje.18
5.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti sistema .19
5.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .19
5.4 Odgovornosti .19
6 Splošne smernice za ocenjevanje oddajnih ravni .20
6.1 Mesto vrednotenja .20
6.2 Definicija oddajne ravni flikerja .20
6.3 Ocena oddajnih ravni flikerja .20
6.4 Deklarirana kratkostična moč ali impedanca omrežja .21
6.4.1 Kratkostična moč ali impedanca za ocenjevanje oddajnih ravni pred priključitvijo .21
6.4.2 Kratkostična moč ali impedanca za ocenjevanje dejanskih oddajnih ravni .21
6.5 Splošne smernice za ocenjevanje deklarirane impedance omrežja .21
7 Splošni sumirni zakon .21
8 Oddajne meje za postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo, priključene v SN-omrežja .22
8.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motenj.22
8.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti omrežja .23
8.2.1 Globalna oddajanja, ki se razdelijo med uporabniki .23
8.2.2 Posamezne oddajne meje .24
8.3 Stopnja 3: sprejemanje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .25
8.4 Povzetek postopka vrednotenja .26
9 Oddajne meje za postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo, priključene v VN- ali EVN-omrežja .28
9.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motenj.28
9.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti omrežja .28
9.2.1 Ocena celotne razpoložljive moči . 28
9.2.2 Posamezne oddajne meje .29
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
9.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .30
10 Nagle napetostne spremembe .30
10.1 Splošni vidiki .30
10.2 Raven združljivosti .31
10.3 Ravni načrtovanja .32
10.4 Oddajne meje .32
10.5 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja in oddajne meje .33
Dodatek A (informativni): Krivulje P = 1 in številčni podatki za uporabo 230 V in 120 V .34
st
Dodatek B (informativni): Smernice za ocenjevanje koeficienta prenosa flikerja .36
Dodatek C (informativni): Primer prerazporeditve globalnih prispevkov in ravni načrtovanja
ob upoštevanju koeficientov prenosa .37
Dodatek D (informativni): Uporaba indikatorjev jakosti A in A za poenostavitev izračuna .39
st lt
Dodatek E (informativni): Ocena oddajanja za P pred priključitvijo in po njej .40
st
Dodatek F (informativni): Seštevanje P iz različnih zbiralk .49
st
Dodatek G (informativni): Študijski primeri .51
Dodatek H (informativni): Seznam simbolov in indeksov .62
Literatura.64

Slika 1: Ponazoritev osnovnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko časa/lokacije,
ki velja za celotno omrežje .17
Slika 2: Ponazoritev osnovnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko časa, ki se nanaša
na eno mesto znotraj celotnega omrežja .17
Slika 3: Primer omrežja za souporabo globalnih prispevkov pri srednji napetosti .23
Slika 4: Shema postopka vrednotenja .27
Slika 5: Ugotavljanje S za preprosto VN- ali EVN-omrežje .28
t
Slika 6: Ugotavljanje S za zazankana VN- ali EVN-omrežja .29
t
Slika 7: Nadomestno vezje in vektorski diagram za enostavno ocenjevanje .31
Slika 8: Primer nagle napetostne spremembe, povezane z zagonom motorja .31
Slika 9: Primer nagle napetostne spremembe, povezane s preklopom kondenzatorja .31
Slika A.1: Krivulja P = 1 za pravilne pravokotne napetostne spremembe [13] .34
st
Slika E.1: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za impulzne spremembe in spremembe po rampi .41
Slika E.2: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za dvojno stopničaste spremembe in spremembe
po dvojni rampi .42
Slika E.3: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za sinusne in trikotne spremembe .42
Slika E.4: Krivulje faktorjev oblike za neperiodične spremembe .43
Slika E.5: Upoštevanje obremenitve omrežja.45
Slika E.6: Sistem za ocenjevanje oddajanja flikerja .46
Slika E.7: Ocenjevanje oddajne ravni z merjenjem toka .47
Slika F.1: Primer dveh bremen, napajanih iz različnih zbiralk .49
Slika G.1: Primer učinka valjarne .51
Slika G.2: Primer učinka večtočkovnih varilnikov .53
Slika G.3: Primer profila ravni jalove moči dvigala .57
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
Slika G.4: Normalna konfiguracija omrežja (v normalnem obratovalnem stanju) .58
Slika G.5: Spojene zbiralke .59
Slika G.6: Konfiguracija omrežja "n-1" .60
Slika G.7: Obratovanje brez SVC .61

Preglednica 1: Ravni združljivosti za fliker v nizkonapetostnih omrežjih, povzeto iz IEC 61000-2-2 .15
Preglednica 2: Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja za fliker v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetskih
omrežjih .15
Preglednica 3: Omejitve stopnje 1 za relativne spremembe moči kot funkcije števila sprememb
na minuto .22
Preglednica 4: Najmanjše oddajne meje pri srednji napetosti .25
Preglednica 5: Najmanjše oddajne meje pri VN-EVN .30
Preglednica 6: Okvirne ravni načrtovanja za nagle napetostne spremembe kot funkcija
števila takšnih sprememb v danem obdobju .32
Preglednica A.1: Relativne spremembe napetosti ∆V/V na vhodu pri P = 1,0 na izhodu [13] .34
ST
Preglednica B.1: Primeri koeficientov prenosa flikerja .36
Preglednica D.1: Ravni združljivosti za Ast in Alt v NN- in SN-elektroenergetskih omrežjih .39
Preglednica D.2: Okvirne vrednosti za ravni načrtovanja za A in A v SN-, VN- in
st lt
EVN-elektroenergetskih omrežjih .39
Preglednica G.1: Meritve flikerja za primer G.3, učinki flikerja, normalno obratovanje .56
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
MEDNARODNA ELEKTROTEHNIŠKA KOMISIJA

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti –
Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo
v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

PREDGOVOR
1) IEC (Mednarodna elektrotehniška komisija) je svetovna organizacija za standardizacijo, ki združuje vse nacionalne
elektrotehnične komiteje (nacionalni komiteji IEC). Cilj IEC je pospeševati mednarodno sodelovanje v vseh vprašanjih
standardizacije s področja elektrotehnike in elektronike. V ta namen poleg drugih aktivnosti izdaja mednarodne standarde,
tehnične specifikacije, tehnična poročila, javnosti dostopne specifikacije (PAS) in vodila (v nadaljevanju: publikacije IEC). Za
njihovo pripravo so odgovorni tehnični odbori. Vsak nacionalni komite IEC, ki ga zanima obravnavana tema, lahko sodeluje v
tem pripravljalnem delu. Prav tako lahko v pripravi sodelujejo mednarodne organizacije ter vladne in nevladne ustanove, ki
so povezane z IEC. IEC deluje v tesni povezavi z mednarodno organizacijo za standardizacijo ISO skladno s pogoji,
določenimi v soglasju med obema organizacijama.
2) Uradne odločitve ali sporazumi IEC o tehničnih vprašanjih, pripravljeni v tehničnih odborih, v katerih so prisotni vsi nacionalni
komiteji, ki jih tema zanima, izražajo, kolikor je mogoče, mednarodno soglasje o obravnavani temi.
3) Publikacije IEC imajo obliko priporočil za njihovo uporabo na mednarodni ravni in jih kot takšne sprejmejo nacionalni komiteji
IEC. Čeprav IEC skuša na vse primerne načine zagotavljati točnost tehničnih vsebin v publikacijah IEC, IEC ne more biti
odgovoren za način, kako se določila uporabljajo, ter za morebitne napačne razlage končnih uporabnikov.
4) Da bi pospeševali mednarodno poenotenje, so se nacionalni komiteji IEC zavezali, da bodo v svojih nacionalnih in regionalnih
standardih čim pregledneje uporabljali mednarodne standarde. Vsako odstopanje med standardom IEC in ustreznim
nacionalnim ali regionalnim standardom je treba v slednjem jasno označiti.
5) IEC ni določil nobenega postopka označevanja, ki bi kazal na njegovo potrditev, in ne more biti odgovoren za katerokoli
opremo, ki bi bila deklarirana kot skladna z eno od njegovih publikacij.
6) Vsi uporabniki naj bi si zagotovili zadnjo izdajo teh publikacij.
7) IEC ali njegovi direktorji, zaposleni, uslužbenci ali agenti, vključno s samostojnimi strokovnjaki ter člani tehničnih odborov in
nacionalnih komitejev IEC, ne prevzemajo nobene odgovornosti za kakršnokoli osebno poškodbo, škodo na premoženju ali
katerokoli drugo škodo kakršnekoli vrste, bodisi posredne ali neposredne, ali za stroške (vključno z zakonitim lastništvom) in
izdatke, povezane s publikacijo, njeno uporabo ali zanašanjem na to publikacijo IEC ali katerokoli drugo publikacijo IEC.
8) Pozornost je treba posvetiti normativnim virom, na katere se sklicuje ta publikacija. Uporaba navedenih publikacij je nujna za
pravilno uporabo te publikacije.
9) Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da bi lahko bil kateri od elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet patentnih pravic.
IEC ni odgovoren za identificiranje nobene od teh patentnih pravic.
Glavna naloga tehničnih odborov IEC je priprava mednarodnih standardov. Vendar pa lahko tehnični
odbor predlaga objavo tehničnega poročila, ko je zbral podatke, drugačne vrste od tistih, ki so navadno
objavljeni kot mednarodni standard, na primer "stanje tehnike".
tehničnem odboru IEC/TC 77 Elektromagnetna združljivost.
To tehnično poročilo predstavlja 3-7. del standarda IEC 61000. Ima status osnovne publikacije EMC v
1)
skladu z IEC Vodilom 107 [17].
Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča prvo izdajo, ki je bila objavljena v letu 1996, in predstavlja
tehnično revizijo.
Ta nova izdaja je bistveno učinkovitejša od originalnega tehničnega poročila (1. izdaja) in odraža
izkušnje, pridobljene pri uporabi prve izdaje. To tehnično poročilo je bilo tudi harmonizirano z IEC/TR
61000-3-6 [18] in IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [19].

1)
Številke v oglatih oklepajih se nanašajo na Literaturo.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
Besedilo tega standarda je osnovano na naslednjih dokumentih:
Osnutek za povpraševanje Poročilo o glasovanju
77A/576/DTR 77A/615/RVC
Vse informacije o glasovanju za potrditev tega standarda lahko najdete v poročilu o glasovanju,
navedenem v gornji preglednici.

Seznam vseh delov skupine IEC 61000, objavljene pod splošnim naslovom Elektromagnetna
združljivost (EMC), lahko najdete na spletni strani IEC.

Ta publikacija je bila pripravljena v skladu z 2. delom Direktiv ISO/IEC.

Tehnični odbor je sklenil, da bo vsebina te publikacije ostala nespremenjena do datuma, določenega za
zaključek periodičnega pregleda, ki je določen na spletni strani IEC "http://webstore.iec.ch" pri podatkih
za to publikacijo. Po tem datumu bo publikacija:
– ponovno potrjena,
– razveljavljena,
– zamenjana z novo izdajo ali
– dopolnjena.
Dvojezična verzija te publikacije bo morda izdana pozneje.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
UVOD
Standard IEC 61000 je objavljen v ločenih delih ustrezno z naslednjo strukturo:
1. del: Splošno
Splošni vidiki (uvod, temeljna načela)
Definicije, terminologija
2. del: Okolje
Opis okolja
Klasifikacija okolja
Ravni skladnosti
3. del: Mejne vrednosti
Mejne vrednosti emisij
Mejne vrednosti odpornosti (dokler niso uvrščene v delovno področje odborov za proizvode)
4. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike
Merilne tehnike
Preskusne tehnike
5. del: Navodila za namestitev in blaženje
Navodila za namestitev
Metode in naprave za blaženje
6. del: Osnovni standardi
9. del: Razno
Vsak del je v nadaljevanju razdeljen v več delov, ki so objavljeni kot mednarodni standardi ali kot
tehnična poročila/specifikacije, nekateri od njih so bili objavljeni tudi kot sekcije. Drugi bodo objavljeni s
številko dela, ki ji sledita črtica in druga številka, ki označuje poddelitev (na primer: 61000-6-1).

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
POTRDILO
Leta 2002 je pododbor IEC/SC 77A zaprosil študijski odbor C4 CIGRE in študijski odbor S2 CIRED za
organizacijo primernega tehničnega foruma (skupne delovne skupine), katerega naloga bi bila med
drugim tudi pripraviti revizijo tehničnega poročila IEC 61000-3-7 glede oddajnih meja za priklop postrojev
s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednje-, visoko- in ekstremno visokonapetostna javna elektroenergetska
omrežja.
Na tej podlagi je bila leta 2003 ustanovljena združena delovna skupina CIGRE C4.103/CIRED z nazivom
"Emission Limits for Disturbing Installations" (Mejne vrednosti oddajanja motečih postrojev). Kot podlaga
za to revizijo je bilo uporabljenih nekaj rezultatov dela skupine CIGRE JWG C4.07-CIRED, še posebej
ravni načrtovanja in pripadajoči indikatorji, skupaj z izkušnjami, odkar je bilo tehnično poročilo IEC
61000-3-7 prvič objavljeno leta 1996.

Poznejša uveljavitev dokumenta pri IEC je bila dolžnost pododbora IEC/SC 77A.

Mogoče bi bilo vredno omeniti še, da druga delovna skupina CIGRE trenutno pripravlja tehnično poročilo
za pregled rezultatov meritev flikerja, opravljenih mednarodno skupaj s karakteristiko širjenja flikerja v
sistemu in povezanimi cilji (ravni flikerja).

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
ELEKTROMAGNETNA ZDRUŽLJIVOST (EMC)
3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti – Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s
spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

1 Področje uporabe
Ta del IEC 61000 podaja napotke o načinih, ki se lahko uporabljajo kot podlaga za določanje zahtev za
priklop postrojev s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednje-, visoko- in ekstremno visokonapetostna javna
elektroenergetska omrežja (nizkonapetostni postroji so zajeti v drugih dokumentih IEC). Postroj v tem
poročilu pomeni postroj s spreminjajočo se močjo (porabniški ali proizvodni), ki povzroča napetostni fliker
in/ali nagle napetostne spremembe. Primarni cilj je sistemskim operaterjem oziroma lastnikom zagotoviti
napotke o inženirski praksi, ki bodo podali uporabne napotke za primerno kakovost napajanja za vse
priključene uporabnike omrežja. Pri obravnavanju postrojev ta dokument nima namena, da bi zamenjal
standarde za opremo glede oddajnih mej.

To poročilo obravnava dodeljevanje zmogljivosti sistema za absorbiranje motenj. Ne obravnava načina
zmanjševanja motenj niti ne načina za povečanje zmogljivosti sistema.

Ker smernice, opisane v tem poročilu, nujno temeljijo na nekaterih predpostavkah poenostavitev, ni
nobenega jamstva, da bo ta pristop vedno zagotavljal optimalno rešitev za vse situacije glede flikerja.
Priporočeni pristop naj se v smislu inženirstva uporablja fleksibilno in z inženirsko presojo, kadar se
navedeni postopki uporabljajo v celoti ali samo delno.

Sistemski operater ali lastnik je odgovoren za določitev zahtev za priklop postrojev s spreminjajočo se močjo
v sistem. Postroj s spreminjajočo se močjo je treba razumeti kot celoten uporabnikov postroj (z deli s
spreminjajočo se in nespreminjajočo se močjo).

Težave, povezane s kolebanjem napetosti, se lahko delijo v dve osnovni kategoriji:
– fliker zaradi svetlobnih virov kot rezultat kolebanja napetosti;
– nagle napetostne spremembe, tudi v okviru običajnih napetostnih mej, se štejejo za moteč pojav.

Poročilo daje napotke za usklajevanje oddajanja flikerja med različnimi napetostnimi nivoji, da se doseže
raven združljivosti na mestu uporabe. To poročilo se osredotoča predvsem na nadzorovanje ali
omejevanje flikerja, vendar je vključen tudi del, ki se nanaša na omejevanje naglih napetostnih
sprememb.
OPOMBA: Meje med posameznimi napetostnimi nivoji so lahko različne za različne države (glej IEV 601-01-28 [16]. To
poročilo uporablja naslednje izraze za napetost omrežja:
- nizka napetost (NN, v enačbah LV) se nanaša na U < 1 kV;
n
- srednja napetost (SN, v enačbah MV) se nanaša na 1 kV < U < 35 kV;
n
- visoka napetost (VN, v enačbah HV) se nanaša na 35 kV < U < 230 kV;
n
- ekstremno visoka napetost (EVN, v enačbah EHV) se nanaša na 230 kV < U .
n
V tem poročilu je funkcija omrežja pomembnejša od njegove nazivne napetosti. Na primer, VN-omrežje,
ki se uporablja za distribucijo, ima lahko "raven načrtovanja" med tistimi za SN- in VN-omrežja.

2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni spodaj navedeni referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih
sklicevanjih se uporablja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja
publikacije (vključno z dopolnili).
IEC 60050(161) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) – 161. del: Elektromagnetna
združljivost
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem delu IEC 61000 se uporabljajo izrazi in definicije, podani v IEC 60050(161), ter tudi naslednje
definicije.
3.1
dogovorjena moč
vrednost navidezne moči motečega postroja, za katero se dogovorita uporabnik omrežja in sistemski
operater oziroma lastnik omrežja. V primeru več priključnih mestih (več prevzemno-predajnih mest) je
lahko vrednost za vsako tako mesto različna

3.2
uporabnik omrežja
oseba, podjetje ali organizacija, ki je operater postroja in je priključen oziroma ima pravico biti priključen
na napajalno omrežje sistemskega operaterja oziroma lastnika

3.3
(elektromagnetna) motnja
vsak elektromagnetni pojav, katerega prisotnost v elektromagnetnem okolju lahko povzroči odstopanje
električne opreme od njenega predvidenega delovanja

3.4
raven motnje
količina ali velikost elektromagnetne motnje, merjena in ovrednotena na specifičen način

3.5
elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC)
zmožnost opreme ali sistema, da deluje zadovoljivo v svojem elektromagnetnem okolju brez vnašanja
nevzdržnih elektromagnetnih motenj ničemur v tem okolju

OPOMBA 1: Elektromagnetna združljivost je takšno stanje v elektromagnetnem okolju, da je za vsak pojav raven oddajane
motnje dovolj nizka in ravni odpornosti dovolj visoke, da vse naprave, oprema in sistemi delujejo, kot je
predvideno.
OPOMBA 2: Elektromagnetna združljivost je dosežena samo, če so oddajne in odpornostne ravni nadzorovane tako, da
odpornostne ravni naprav, opreme in sistemov na nobeni lokaciji niso presežene z ravnjo motenj na tej lokaciji, ki
je posledica kumulativnega oddajanja vseh virov in drugih dejavnikov, kot so npr. impedance omrežja. Navadno
se reče, da obstaja združljivost, če je verjetnost za odstopanje od predvidenega delovanja zadovoljivo nizka. Glej
točko 4 v IEC 61000-2-1 [20].
OPOMBA 3: Kjer kontekst to zahteva, se lahko združljivost nanaša na posamezno motnjo ali vrsto motenj.

OPOMBA 4: Elektromagnetna združljivost je izraz, ki se uporablja tudi na področju študija neželenih elektromagnetnih učinkov,
ki so jim medsebojno izpostavljene naprave, oprema ali sistemi ali nanje vplivajo elektromagnetni pojavi.

3.6
raven (elektromagnetne) združljivosti
določena raven elektromagnetnih motenj, ki je uporabljena kot referenčna raven v določenem okolju za
koordinacijo pri določitvi oddajnih in odpornostnih meja

OPOMBA: Navadno je raven združljivosti izbrana tako, da obstaja samo majhna verjetnost (na primer 5 %), da jo bo dejanska
raven motenj presegala.
3.7
oddajanje
pojav, pri katerem elektromagnetna energija izvira iz vira elektromagnetne motnje

[IEV 161-01-08, spremenjen]
OPOMBA: V tem poročilu se oddajanje nanaša na pojave ali na prevajane elektromagnetne motnje, ki lahko povzročijo fliker
ali kolebanje napajalne napetosti.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
3.8
oddajna raven
raven dane elektromagnetne motnje, ki jo oddaja določena naprava, oprema, sistem ali moteči postroj
kot celota, ocenjena in merjena na določen način

3.9
oddajna meja, oddajna mejna vrednost
največja oddajna raven, opredeljena za določeno napravo, opremo, sistem ali moteči postroj kot celoto

3.10
fliker
vtis nestabilnosti vidnega zaznavanja, ki ga povzroči svetlobni dražljaj, katerega svetlost ali spektralna
razporeditev se spreminja v času

OPOMBA: Fliker je učinek, ki nastane v žarnici, medtem ko se elektromagnetni pojav, ki ga povzroča, imenuje kolebanje napetosti.

3.11
postroj s spreminjajočo se močjo
električni postroj kot celota (tj. deli s spreminjajočo in nespreminjajočo se močjo skupaj), ki ga opisujejo
ponavljajoča ali nagla spreminjanja moči ali zagonski ali vklopni toki, ki lahko povzročijo fliker ali nagle
napetostne spremembe v napajalnem omrežju, na katerega je priključen

OPOMBA: V tem poročilu vsa sklicevanja na postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo vključujejo tako bremena kot tudi proizvodne
vire.
3.12
osnovna frekvenca
frekvenca v spektru, dobljena iz Fourierjeve transformacije časovne funkcije, na katero se nanašajo vse
frekvence v spektru. V tem tehničnem poročilu je osnovna frekvenca enaka frekvenci napajalnega
omrežja
OPOMBA: Pri periodični funkciji je osnovna frekvenca v splošnem enaka frekvenci te funkcije.

3.13
proizvodni vir
vsaka oprema, ki proizvaja elektriko skupaj s kakršnokoli neposredno priključeno ali pridruženo opremo,
kot je blok transformator ali pretvornik

3.14
odpornost (proti motnji)
zmožnost naprave, opreme ali sistema, da deluje brez poslabšanja kakovosti ob prisotnosti
elektromagnetne motnje
3.15
raven odpornosti
največja raven dane elektromagnetne motnje, ki deluje na določeno napravo, opremo ali sistem, pri
kateri ta ostaja sposoben(-a) za delovanje z navedeno stopnjo zmogljivosti

3.16
medharmonska frekvenca
vsaka frekvenca, ki ni celoštevilčni večkratnik osnovne frekvence

OPOMBA 1: Z razširitvijo iz reda harmonika je red medharmonika razmerje med frekvenco medharmonika in osnovno
frekvenco. To razmerje ni celoštevilčno (priporočena oznaka "m").

OPOMBA 2: Če je m < 1, se lahko uporabi izraz podharmonik.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
3.17
medharmonska komponenta
komponenta, ki ima medharmonsko frekvenco. Na kratko se lahko taka komponenta preprosto imenuje
kar "medharmonik"
3.18
normalni obratovalni pogoji
obratovalni pogoji sistema ali motečega postroja, ki tipično vključujejo vse variacije proizvodnih virov, bremen
in kompenzacij jalove moči ali stanj filtrskih naprav (na primer stanj vzporednih kondenzatorjev), načrtovanih
odklopov in preureditev med vzdrževanjem ter gradbenimi deli, neidealnih obratovalnih pogojev in normalnih
nepredvidenih stanj, za katere je bilo zasnovano obratovanje sistema ali motečega postroja

OPOMBA: Normalni obratovalni pogoji sistema tipično izključujejo: stanja zaradi okvare ali kombinacije okvar, ki presegajo
načrtovane v okviru sistemskih varnostnih standardov, izjemne situacije in neizogibne okoliščine (na primer: višja
sila, izjemne vremenske razmere in druge naravne katastrofe, ravnanja javnih organov, stavke), primere, ko
uporabniki omrežja bistveno presegajo svoje oddajne meje ali ne ustrezajo pogojem za priključitev in začasno
priključitev proizvodnih virov ali napajanja, ki je bilo urejeno za zagotavljanje napajanja uporabnikom omrežja med
vzdrževalnimi ali gradbenimi deli, kjer bi sicer prišlo do prekinitve napajanja.

3.19
raven načrtovanja
raven določene motnje v določenem okolju, privzeta kot referenčna vrednost za mejo, določeno za
oddajanje iz postroja v določenem sistemu z namenom uskladitve teh meja z vsemi mejami, sprejetimi
za opremo in postroje, ki bodo priključeni v napajalni sistem

OPOMBA: Ravni načrtovanja se štejejo za notranje cilje kakovosti, ki jih na lokalni ravni določijo odgovorni za načrtovanje in
obratovanje napajalnega omrežja na ustreznem območju.

3.20
skupno priključno mesto (PCC)
mesto v javnem omrežju, ki je električno najbližje obravnavanemu postroju in na katero so ali bodo
priključeni ostali postroji. PCC je mesto, ki se nahaja v smeri navzgor (proti večji kratkostični moči) od
obravnavanega postroja
OPOMBA: Napajalno omrežje se šteje za javno glede na uporabo in ne glede na lastništvo.

3.21
priključno mesto (POC)
mesto v javnem napajalnem omrežju, kjer je ali bi lahko bil priključen obravnavani postroj

OPOMBA: Napajalno omrežje se šteje za javno glede na uporabo in ne glede na lastništvo.

3.22
mesto vrednotenja (POE)
mesto v javnem napajalnem omrežju, kjer se oddajne ravni določenega postroja ocenjujejo glede na
oddajne meje. To mesto je lahko skupno priključno mesto (PCC) ali priključno mesto (POC) ali katerokoli
drugo mesto, ki ga določi sistemski operater ali lastnik ali se o tem stranke sporazumejo.

OPOMBA: Napajalno omrežje se šteje za javno glede na uporabo in ne glede na lastništvo.

3.23
nagle napetostne spremembe
spremembe osnovne frekvence efektivnih napetosti v več periodah; nagle napetostne spremembe so
lahko tudi v obliki cikličnih sprememb

OPOMBA: Nagle napetostne spremembe pogosto povzročajo zagonski ali vklopni toki ali stikalni manevri na opremi.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
3.24
kratkostična moč
teoretična vrednost začetne simetrične trifazne kratkostične moči v določeni točki napajalnega omrežja,
izražena v MVA. Določena je kot zmnožek začetnega simetričnega kratkostičnega toka, nazivne
omrežne napetosti in faktorja √3, pri čemer se zanemari aperiodična komponenta (DC)

3.25
radialni odcep
stranska veja, ki se odcepi od glavnega voda (tipično v SN- in NN-omrežjih)
3.26
napajalno omrežje
vsi vodi, stikalne naprave in transformatorji, ki obratujejo na različnih napetostih ter sestavljajo prenosno
in distribucijsko omrežje, kamor so priključeni postroji uporabnikov omrežja

3.27
sistemski operater ali lastnik
podjetje, odgovorno za izdajo tehničnih pogojev za priključitev uporabnikov omrežja, ki želijo priključitev
porabnikov ali proizvodnih virov v distribucijsko ali prenosno omrežje

3.28
faktor prenosa (vplivni faktor)
relativna raven motnje, ki se lahko prenese med dvema zbiralkama ali dvema deloma električnega
sistema pri različnih obratovalnih pogojih

3.29
kolebanje napetosti
niz napetostnih sprememb ali cikličnih variacij napetostne ovojnice

4 Osnovni pojmi EMC, povezani s kolebanjem napetosti

2)
Mednarodni flikermeter (glej IEC 61000-4-15 [1]) podaja dve veličini za označevanje jakosti flikerja: P
st
("st" (short-term) se nanaša na kratkotrajen: ena vrednost se pridobi za vsako 10-minutno obdobje) in
P ("lt" (long-term) se nanaša na dolgotrajen: ena vrednost se pridobi za vsako 2-urno obdobje). Merila
lt
kakovosti napetosti, povezana s flikerjem, so navadno izražena z izrazi P in/ali P , kjer je vrednost P
st lt lt
navadno pridobljena iz skupin 12 zaporednih vrednosti P .
st
(1)
Oddajne ravni flikerja so ocenjene na mestu vrednotenja (POE) postroja s spreminjajočo se močjo (glej
točko 6) na SN-, VN- ali EVN-ravni v okviru tega poročila. Vendar naj se opozori, da je za mejne
vrednosti osnova morebitno motenje pri uporabnikih NN-omrežja, zato je treba pri ocenjevanju vpliva
oddajanja upoštevati slabljenje med nizko-, srednje-, visoko- in ekstremnovisokonapetostnimi ravnmi.

V tem poročilu se tudi predpostavlja, da so flikermeter in povezani utežnostni koeficienti prilagojeni vrsti
žarnic v uporabi (npr.: 120 V ali 230 V), tako da meje za fliker ostajajo iste ne glede na napetost žarnic.
To je pomembno, ker so 120-voltne žarnice manj občutljive na kolebanje napetosti kot 230-voltne
žarnice (glej dodatek A), 100-voltne žarnice pa so še manj občutljive.

Razvoj oddajnih mej za posamezno opremo ali celotni postroj porabnika naj bi temeljil na učinku, ki ga
bodo ta oddajanja imela na kakovost napetosti. Za vrednotenje kakovosti napetosti se uporabljajo
nekateri osnovni koncepti. Da bi se ti koncepti lahko uporabili za vrednotenje na določenih lokacijah, so

2)
Številke v oglatih oklepajih se nanašajo na Literaturo.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
opredeljeni glede na to, kje se uporabljajo (lokacije), kako se merijo (čas merjenja, čas vzorčenja, čas
povprečenja, statistika) in kako se izračunajo. Ti koncepti so opisani v nadaljevanju in prikazani na slikah
1 in 2. Definicije je mogoče najti v IEV 60050(161).

4.1 Ravni združljivosti
To so referenčne vrednosti (glej preglednico 1) za usklajevanje oddajanja in odpornosti opreme, ki je
del napajalnega omrežja ali jo napajalno omrežje napaja, da bi se zagotovila elektromagnetna
združljivost v celotnem omrežju (vključno z omrežjem in priključeno opremo). Ravni združljivosti na
splošno temeljijo na 95-odstotnih stopnjah verjetnosti celotnega omrežja z uporabo statističnih
distribucij, ki predstavljajo tako časovne kot tudi prostorske variacije motenj. Obstaja možnost, da
sistemski operater ali lastnik ne more nadzorovati vseh točk omrežja v vsakem trenutku. Zato naj se
vrednotenje v zvezi z ravnmi združljivosti opravi na ravni celotnega omrežja in nobena metoda
ocenjevanja ni predvidena za vrednotenje na posamezni lokaciji.

Ravni združljivosti za fliker v NN-omrežjih so povzete v preglednici 1 iz IEC 61000-2-2 [2]. V nekaterih
primerih so poročali o večjih vrednostih brez korelacije s pritožbami. V teh primerih so bile meritve
morebiti opravljene na EVN-/VN-ravni, podnevi ali zaradi drugih razlogov. Dodatne informacije so na
voljo v literaturi [3].
IEC ne določa ravni združljivosti za SN-, VN- in EVN-omrežja.

Preglednica 1: Ravni združljivosti za fliker v nizkonapetostnih omrežjih,
povzeto iz IEC 61000-2-2
Ravni
združljivosti
P 1,0
st
P 0,8
lt
4.2 Ravni načrtovanja
4.2.1 Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja

To so ravni flikerja napetosti, ki se lahko uporabljajo za določanje oddajnih mej ob upoštevanju vseh
postrojev s spreminjajočo se močjo. Ravni načrtovanja določi sistemski operater ali lastnik za vse
napetostne ravni omrežja in so lahko obravnavane kot interni standardi kakovosti sistemskega
operaterja ali lastnika in se lahko posredujejo posameznim uporabnikom omrežja na zahtevo. Ravni
načrtovanja naj bi omogočile usklajevanje kolebanja napetosti med različnimi napetostnimi ravnmi.
Omeniti je treba, da je pri visoki in ekstremno visoki napetosti usklajevanje ravni flikerja še vedno
mogoče doseči ob upoštevanju dušenja flikerja zaradi motornih bremen in generatorjev, priključenih na
nižjih ravneh, ki imajo stabilizirajoč vpliv na napetosti in lahko zmanjšajo dojemanje flikerja.

Podati je mogoče samo okvirne vrednosti, ker se ravni načrtovanja razlikujejo od primera do primera,
glede na strukturo sistema in okoliščine. Okvirne vrednosti za ravni načrtovanja za fliker so prikazane v
preglednici 2.
Preglednica 2: Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja za fliker
v SN-, VN- in EVN-električnih omrežjih

Ravni načrtovanja
(glej OPOMBO 2)
SN VN-EVN
P
st 0,9 0,8
P 0,7 0,6
lt
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
OPOMBA 1: Te vrednosti so bile izbrane z domnevo, da je koeficient prenosa med SN- ali VN-omrežji in NN-omrežji enak 1.

OPOMBA 2: V praksi so koeficienti prenosa med različnimi napetostnimi ravnmi manj kot 1,0. To se lahko upošteva pri vpeljavi
novih ravni načrtovanja. Na primer, tipična vrednost koeficienta prenosa med VN in NN je T = 0,8. V takem
PstHL
primeru okvirna raven načrtovanja za VN postane L = 0,8/0,8 = 1,0.
PstHV
OPOMBA 3: V nekaterih državah ravni načrtovanja določajo nacionalni standardi in priporočila.

OPOMBA 4: Značilnosti napetosti, ki so kvazizagotovljene ravni, obstajajo v nekaterih državah za SN- in VN-omrežja. Te naj
bi bile koordinirane z ravnmi načrtovanja. [3].

Kot je navedeno v OPOMBI 2, je za določanje oddajnih mej priporočljivo utežiti dane ravni načrtovanja
pri SN in VN-EVN z upoštevanjem koeficienta prenosa flikerja od vira oddajanja do mesta vrednotenja
pri EVN, VN, SN in NN. Poleg tega morajo ravni načrtovanja omogočati usklajevanje med različnimi
napetostnimi ravnmi. Da sistemski operater ali lastnik to omogoči, mora ovrednotiti koeficiente prenosa
flikerja za različne obratovalne pogoje omrežja. Nadaljnja razprava o ocenjevanju koeficientov prenosa
flikerja je podana v dodatku B k temu poročilu. Prerazporeditev ravni načrtovanja je ponazorjena v
dodatku C.
Kadar nacionalne okoliščine glede na značilnosti omrežja to narekujejo, je mogoče primerno uporabiti
vmesne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja med vrednostmi za SN in VN-EVN zaradi možnih različnih
napetostnih ravni, vsebovanih v VN-EVN (> 35 kV). Poleg tega je lahko potrebna tudi porazdelitev ravni
načrtovanja med VN in EVN, da se upošteva vpliv motečih postrojev, priključenih na EVN, na VN-
napetostno raven.
Preostali del tega poročila opisuje postopke za uporabo teh ravni načrtovanja za določitev oddajnih mej
za posamezne postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo.

4.2.2 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja

Merilne metode, ki se uporabljajo za fliker, so metode razreda A, navedene v IEC 61000-4-30 [4] in
povezanem IEC 61000-4-15 [1]. Podatki, označeni v skladu z IEC 61000-4-30, naj se odstranijo iz
ocenjevanja. Pojasnilo: kjer so podatki označeni, se centil, ki se uporablja pri izračunu spodaj navedenih
indeksov, izračuna z uporabo samo veljavnih (neoznačenih) podatkov.

Najkrajše obdobje merjenja je en teden pri normalnih obratovalnih dejavnostih. Obdobje spremljanja naj
vključuje del obdobja pričakovanih največjih ravni flikerja.

Eden ali več od naslednjih indeksov se lahko uporabljajo za primerjavo dejanskih ravni flikerja z ravnmi
načrtovanja. Več kot en indeks je lahko potreben za ravni načrtovanja zaradi ocene vpliva višjih oddajnih
ravni, dovoljenih za krajše časovno obdobje, npr. med plazovitimi prehodnimi pojavi ali zagonskimi
stanji.
– 95-odstotna verjetnost tedenske vrednosti P .
st
– 99-odstotna verjetnost tedenske vrednosti P .
st
– 95-odstotna verjetnost tedenske vrednosti P .
lt
OPOMBA: Priporočeno je, da je vsaka nova vrednost P vključena v revidirano vrednost P z uporabo drsečega okna, kjer
st lt
je najstarejša meritev P nadomeščena z najnovejšo vrednostjo P v vsakem 10-minutnem intervalu. Posledica
st st
tega priporočenega izračuna vrednosti P je 144 vrednosti P vsak dan. V ne
...