IEC 62127-1:2007/AMD1:2013
(Amendment)Amendment 1 - Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
Amendment 1 - Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
Amendement 1 - Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux jusqu'à 40 MHz
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IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
IEC 62127-1:2007/A1:2013
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IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX Q
ICS 11.040.50 ISBN 978-2-83220-599-0
– 2 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
87/518/FDIS 87/524/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
_____________
Replace throughout the document:
“non-linear” by “nonlinear”,
This replacement applies to the English text only.
Replace throughout the document:
“non-linearity” by “nonlinearity”
This replacement applies to the English text only.
INTRODUCTION
Delete, in the second paragraph, the term “piezoelectric”.
Delete, in the second paragraph, the last two sentences.
1 Scope
Delete, in Note 2, the second sentence.
2 Normative references
Replace the reference to the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement as
follows:
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
Replace, throughout this clause, the phrase “watts per metre squared” by “watts per square
metre” (9 times).
Replace, throughout this clause, the phrase “metres squared” by “square metres” (3 times).
3.1
acoustic pulse waveform
Delete Note 2.
3.3
acoustic frequency
acoustic-working frequency
Replace, in the second sentence of Note 1," 3.3.1 and 3.3.2" by "3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 and
3.3.4".
3.3.1
zero-crossing acoustic-working frequency
f
awf
Replace the existing text of the definition by the following:
number, n, of consecutive half-cycles (irrespective of polarity) divided by twice the time
between the commencement of the first half-cycle and the end of the n-th half-cycle
NOTE 1 None of the n consecutive half-cycles should show evidence of phase change.
NOTE 2 The measurement should be performed at terminals in the receiver that are as close as possible to the
receiving transducer (hydrophone) and, in all cases, before rectification.
NOTE 3 This frequency is determined according to the procedure specified in IEC/TR 60854.
NOTE 4 This frequency is intended for continuous-wave systems only.
3.3.2
arithmetic-mean acoustic-working frequency
f
awf
Add the following note to the definition:
NOTE 3 If f is not found within the range < 3f , f is to be understood as the lowest frequency above this range
2 1 2
at which the spectrum magnitude is 3 dB below the peak magnitude.
3.3.3
peak pulse acoustic frequency
Delete the full stop after the symbol f .
p
3.4
azimuth axis
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
In the figure, replace “Y” by “Z” and “Z” by “Y”.
In the key of the figure, replace “Y beam axis” by “Y elevation axis” and “Z elevation axis” by
“Z beam axis”.
– 4 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
3.7
beam area
Replace the symbol by: “A , A ”
b,6 b,20
Replace the existing text of Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 If the position of the plane is not specified, it is the plane passing through the point corresponding to the
maximum value of the pulse-pressure-squared integral in the whole acoustic field.
Replace, in Note 3, the word “levels” by “fractions”.
3.22
effective radius of a non-focused ultrasonic transducer
Replace the term by effective radius of a non-focusing ultrasonic transducer
Replace the term in the Note by effective radius of a non-focusing ultrasonic transducer
3.28
far field
Replace the existing text by the following:
region of the field where z > z aligned along the beam axis for planar non-focusing
T
transducers
NOTE 1 In the far field, the sound pressure appears to be spherically divergent from a point on or near the
radiating surface. Hence the pressure produced by the sound source is approximately inversely proportional to the
distance from the source.
NOTE 2 The term “far field” is used in this International Standard only in connection with non-focusing source
transducers. For focusing transducers a different terminology for the various parts of the transmitted field applies
(see IEC 61828).
NOTE 3 If the shape of the transducer aperture produces several transition distances, the one furthest from the
transducer is used.
3.34
instantaneous intensity
Replace the existing text of Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 Instantaneous intensity is the product of instantaneous acoustic pressure and particle velocity. It is
difficult to measure intensity in the ultrasound frequency range. For the measurement purposes referred to in this
International Standard and under conditions of sufficient distance from the external transducer aperture (at least
one transducer diameter, or an equivalent transducer dimension in the case of a non-circular transducer) the
instantaneous intensity can be approximated by the derived instantaneous intensity.
3.37
near field
Replace the existing definition and note by the following:
region of the field where z < z aligned along the beam axis for planar non-focusing
T
transducers
NOTE 1 For circular planar transducers, this is at a distance less than A /πλ, where A is the output beam
ob ob
area and λ is the wavelength of the ultrasound corresponding to the acoustic frequency.
NOTE 2 If the shape of the transducer aperture produces several transition distances, the one closest to the
transducer shall be used.
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
3.38
non-linear propagation parameter
Replace the existing term, symbol and definition by the following:
local distortion parameter
σ
q
index which permits the prediction of nonlinear distortion of ultrasound for a specific
ultrasonic transducer, and is given by σ from:
q
2πf β 1
awf
(2)
σ = z p
q m
ρ⋅c F
a
where:
z is the axial distance of the point of interest to the transducer face;
p is the mean-peak acoustic pressure at the point in the acoustic field corresponding to
m
the spatial-peak temporal-peak acoustic pressure;
β is the nonlinearity parameter ( β = 1 + B/2A = 3,5 for pure water at 20 °C );
f is the acoustic-working frequency;
awf
F is the local area factor .
a
[SOURCE: IEC/TS 61949:2007, definition 3.12, modified – the text of the definition has
changed substantially, the equation however is unchanged.]
3.43
peak acoustic pressure
Replace the existing symbol by: “p (or p ) or p (or p )”.
r - c +
3.44
peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure
Replace the existing symbol by: “p (or p )”
r -
3.45
peak-compressional acoustic pressure
Replace symbol by: “p (or p )”
c +
3.47
pulse-average intensity
I
pa
Replace, in the definition, the word “ratio” by “quotient”.
Add the following new note and number the existing note as Note 2.:
NOTE 1 This definition applies to pulses and bursts.
3.51
pulse repetition period
Delete, in Note 1, the second sentence ("See also IEC 60469-1:1987, 5.3.2.1.").
3.52
pulse repetition rate
Delete Note 1.
Renumber Note 2 as Note.
– 6 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
3.65
temporal-average intensity
Replace the existing Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 The time-average should be taken over an integral number of acoustic repetition periods.
Add the following new Note 2 and renumber the existing Note 2 as Note 3:
NOTE 2 (Relating to ultrasonic medical diagnostic systems) in principle, the temporal-average intensity is an
average over a relatively long time interval. For non-auto-scanning systems, the instantaneous intensity should
be averaged over one or more pulse repetition periods. For auto-scanning systems, the instantaneous
intensity should be averaged over one or more scan repetition periods for a specified operating mode.
3.76
ultrasonic transducer element group dimensions
Replace, in the definition, the term “ultrasonic transducer element group” by “ultrasonic
transducer element group” (bold font for the entire term).
Add the following new definitions:
3.78
derived instantaneous intensity
quotient of squared instantaneous acoustic pressure and characteristic acoustic impedance
of the medium at a particular instant in time at a particular point in an acoustic field
p(t)
I(t) = (1)
ρ c
where:
p(t) is the instantaneous acoustic pressure;
ρ is the density of the medium;
c is the speed of sound in the medium
NOTE 1 For measurement purposes referred to in this International Standard, the derived instantaneous
intensity is an approximation of the instantaneous intensity.
NOTE 2 Increased uncertainty should be taken into account for measurements very close to the transducer.
NOTE 3 Derived instantaneous intensity is expressed in watts per square metre (W/m2).
3.79
local area factor
F
a
square root of the ratio of the source aperture area to the beam area at the point of interest.
The relevant local beam area, A , is that for which the pulse-pressure-squared integral is
b
greater than 0,135 (that is, 1/e ) times the maximum value in the cross-section.
0,69A
SAeff
F = (24)
a
A
b,−6dB
NOTE If the beam profile is approximately Gaussian at the distance of interest and the area at the -6dB level,
A , is known, the local beam area can be calculated as A = A /0,69: (0,69 = 3ln(10)/10).
b,-6dB b b,-6dB
[SOURCE: IEC/TS 61949:2007, definition 3.11 modified – the third sentence of the original
definition has been changed into a note.]
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
3.80
number of pulses per ultrasonic scan line
n
pps
the number of acoustic pulses travelling along a particular ultrasonic scan line
NOTE 1 Here ultrasonic scan line refers to the path of acoustic pulses on a particular beam axis in scanning
and non-scanning modes.
NOTE 2 This number can be used in the calculation of any ultrasound temporal average value from hydrophone
measurements.
NOTE 3 The following shows an example of the number of pulses per ultrasonic scanline and the number of
ultrasonic scanlines (shows the end of a frame):
1 2 3 4; 1 2 3 4; 1 2 3 4… n =1; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; … n =2; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4; 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4; … n = 4; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; … n = 4; n = 4 (within one frame the pulses
pps sl
down each line may not occur contiguously)
Within one frame, all scan lines may not have the same npps value.
An example is: 1 2 2 3 3 4; 1 2 2 3 3 4; … avg n =1,5; max n = 2; n = 4
pps pps sl
[SOURCE: IEC 61157:2007/Amendment 1—, definition 3.45]
3.81
number of ultrasonic scanlines
n
sl
the number of ultrasonic scanlines that are excited during one scan repetition period
NOTE This number can be used in the calculation of any ultrasound temporal average value from hydrophone
measurements.
[SOURCE: IEC 61157:2007/Amendment 1—, definition 3.46]
3.82
source aperture area
A
SAeff
equivalent aperture area for an ultrasonic transducer of unknown characteristics, measured
as the area inside the –20 dB pulse-pressure-squared-integral contour in the closest
possible measurement plane (source aperture plane) to the external transducer aperture
NOTE 1 See Figure 3.
NOTE 2 Source aperture area is expressed in square metres (m ).
– 8 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
Principal longitudinal plane
External
Source
transducer
aperture
aperture
plane
x
–6 dB beam
Depth-of-field
contour
Beam axis
z
Offset
distance
Minimum –6 dB
2W
min
beamwidth W
min
IEC 179/13
Figure 3 – Several apertures and planes for
a transducer of unknown geometry [IEC 61828]
3.83
source aperture plane
closest possible measurement plane to the external transducer aperture that is perpendicular
to the beam axis
[SOURCE: IEC 61828:2006, definition 4.2.67]
3.84
source aperture width
L
SA
in a specified longitudinal plane, the greatest –20 dB beamwidth along the line of
intersection between the designated longitudinal plane and the source aperture plane
NOTE 1 See Figure 2 in IEC 61828:2001.
NOTE 2 Source aperture width is expressed in metres (m).
[SOURCE: IEC 61828:2006, definition 4.2.68, modified – two notes have been added.]
3.85
spatial-average pulse-average intensity
I
sapa
pulse-average intensity from one ultrasonic transducer or ultrasonic transducer element
group averaged over the beam-area for that particular ultrasonic transducer or ultrasonic
transducer element group
NOTE 1 A burst is also to be understood to be a pulse.
NOTE 2 Spatial-average pulse-average intensity is expressed in watts per square metre (W/m ) .
3.86
time-window-average intensity
I (t)
w,Δt/s
the time-varying value of the instantaneous intensity averaged over a window of duration Δt,
given by:
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 9 –
t+Δt / 2
I (t)= I(t′)dt′ (25)
w,Δt / s
∫
Δt
t−Δt / 2
where:
I(t) is the instantaneous intensity;
Δt/s is the numerical value of the moving time window width in seconds
t’ is the variable of integration
NOTE The time varying time-window-average intensity for a time window width of 20 s, for instance, is denoted
by I (t)
w,20
3.87
transducer aperture width
L
TA
full width of the transducer aperture along a specified axis orthogonal to the beam axis of the
unsteered beam at the centre of the transducer
NOTE 1 See Figure 4.
NOTE 2 Transducer aperture width is expressed in metres (m).
[SOURCE: IEC 61828:2006, definition 4.2.74 modified – two notes have been added, and the
phrase "at the centre of the transducer" has been added to the definition.]
Transducer aperture plane
Transducer
focusing
surface
Geometric
beam boundary
Geometric
focus
Transducer
Beam axis
aperture
width
Transducer
aperture
Transducer aperture
plane distance
D
AF
Geometric focal
length
F
geo
Near Far
Focal
Fresnel Fresnel
Fraunhofer
zone zone zone
IEC 180/13
Figure 4 – Parameters for describing an example of a
focusing transducer of a known geometry [IEC 61828 modified]
– 10 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
3.88
transition distance
z
T
for a given longitudinal plane, the transition distance is defined based on the transducer
design (when known) or from measurement:
a) from design: the transition distance is the equivalent area of the ultrasonic transducer
aperture width divided by π times the effective wavelength, λ;
b) for measurements, the transition distance is the equivalent area of the source aperture
width divided by π times the effective wavelength.
NOTE 1 Using method a), an unapodized ultrasonic transducer with circular symmetry about the beam axis, the
2 2
equivalent area is πa , where a is the radius. Therefore the transition distance is z = a /λ. For the first example
T
of a square ultrasonic transducer, the equivalent area is (L ) , where L is the transducer aperture width in
TA TA
the longitudinal plane. Therefore, the transition distance for both orthogonal longitudinal planes containing the
sides or transducer aperture widths, is z = (L ) /(πλ). For the second example, for a rectangular ultrasonic
T TA
transducer with transducer aperture widths L and L , the equivalent area for the first linear transducer
TA1 TA2
aperture width for the purpose of calculating the transition distance for the associated longitudinal plane is
(L ) , where L is the transducer aperture width in this longitudinal plane. Therefore, the transition
TA1 TA1
distance for this plane is z = (L ) /(πλ). For the orthogonal longitudinal plane that contains the other
T1 TA1
transducer aperture width, L , the equivalent area for the other for the purpose of calculating the transition
TA2
distance for the associated longitudinal plane is (L ) , where L is the transducer aperture width in this
TA2 TA2
longitudinal plane. Therefore, the transition distance for this plane is z = (L ) /(πλ).
T2 TA2
NOTE 2 Using method b) for measurements in a longitudinal plane, the source aperture width, L , in the same
SA
plane is used in z = (L ) /(πλ).
T SA
NOTE 3 Transition distance is expressed in metre (m). .
[SOURCE: IEC 61828:2006, definition 4.2.75, modified – there is significant difference in the
layout and content of the definition]
3.89
treatment head
assembly comprising an ultrasonic transducer and associated parts for local application of
ultrasound to the patient
[SOURCE: IEC 60601-2-5:2009, definition 201.3.214, modified – a note in the original has
been deleted.]
4 List of symbols
Replace:
A beam area
b
by:
A , A beam area corresponding to -6 dB beam area and -20 dB beam area
b,6 b,20
Replace:
a effective radius of a non-focused ultrasonic transducer
t
by
a effective radius of a non-focusing ultrasonic transducer
t
Replace:
X , Y output beam dimensions z distance between a hydrophone and an ultrasonic
ob ob
transducer
by:
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
X , Y output beam dimensions
ob ob
z distance between a hydrophone and an ultrasonic transducer
Replace:
σ non-linear propagation parameter
m
by:
σ local distortion parameter
q
Add the following new symbols:
A source aperture area
SAeff
F local area factor
a
I time-window-average intensity
W,Δt/s
L transducer aperture width
TA
L source aperture width
SA
n number of pulses per ultrasonic scan line
pps
n number of ultrasonic scan lines per image for spatial distribution
sl
z transition distance
T
5 Measurement requirements
5.1.6.2 Spatial averaging effect
Delete the second paragraph (“If applicable… See Annex E.”).
5.1.7.1 Narrow-band approximation
Replace, in the first and third paragraphs, the two references to “non-linear propagation
parameter” by “local distortion parameter”.
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier
Replace the existing fourth paragraph by the following:
The sensitivity level shall not vary by more than 0,5 dB per 100 kHz frequency increment
inside the stated bandwidth. The requirement can be verified using an appropriate
representation of the frequency response that resolves all important details of the frequency
dependence.
5.2.2 Positioning systems
5.2.2.1 Transducer positioning
Delete, in the final sentence of the third paragraph, the phrase “, if significant”.
5.2.2.3 Spatial positioning
Replace, in item c), the word “reproducibility” by “repeatability”.
5.2.3.2 Lining material
Replace the existing text of the fourth paragraph by the following:
– 12 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
A convenient test for the presence of spurious signals consists of changing the distance
between the ultrasonic transducer and the hydrophone while observing the signal with an
oscilloscope. Some spurious signals are observed to move at least twice the speed of the
directly received signal, others are received in an incorrect time window when comparing the
ultrasonic transducer – hydrophone distance. This test is possible only on pulsed systems.
7 Beam characterization
7.1 General
Table 1 – Acoustic parameters appropriate to various types of medical ultrasonic
equipment
Replace, in the sixth column of the key to the table, the reference to “Non-linear propagation
parameter” by “Local distortion parameter”:
7.2 Primary pressure parameters
7.2.1 General
Replace the existing first two sentences of the first paragraph by the following:
With the ultrasonic transducer and hydrophone mounted in accordance with 5.2.2, 5.2.3
and 6.2, any of the following acoustic parameters can be determined using the definitions
listed in Clause 3.
NOTE When measurements are being made in order to comply with an individual standard (for example
IEC 62359 or IEC 61157) the parameters required are those specified in that standard.
Replace the 17th dashed item (“non-linear propagation parameter”) by the following:
– local distortion parameter
7.2.4 Non-linear propagation parameter
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following:
7.2.4 Local distortion parameter
Replace, in the first paragraph, the references to “non-linear propagation parameter σ ” by
m
“local distortion parameter σ ”.
q
Replace, in Note 2, the references to “non-linear propagation parameter” by “local
distortion parameter”.
Replace, in the second paragraph, the existing item number “2)” by “b)”, “σ ” by “σ ” and the
m q
reference to “5.1.6.2” by “5.1.7.1”
7.2.5 Intensity parameters using instantaneous acoustic pressure
Replace in the third paragraph, the phrase "In this approximation the instantaneous
intensity, I(t), is given by" by the following:
In this case the instantaneous intensity is approximated by the derived instantaneous
intensity, I(t), given by
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 13 –
Add to the list of dash items in the fourth paragraph the following new item:
– time-window-average intensity (I (t)).
w,Δt/s
Replace, in the Note, the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter” by “local
distortion parameter”:
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines
8.2.1.1 Procedures
Delete the heading of this subclause, including the subclause number (8.2.1.1):
Delete, at the end of the second paragraph, the phrase”, as outlined by the definition of beam
area”.
8.2.2.1 Diagnostic fields in general
Replace in the second paragraph and in Note 1 the word “reproducibility” by “repeatability”.
Replace, in the third paragraph the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter σ ” by
m
“local distortion parameter σ ”.
q
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment
Replace in the second paragraph the word “reproducibility” by “repeatability”.
Replace, in the third paragraph the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter σ ” by
m
“local distortion parameter σ ”.
q
Replace the existing text of the fourth paragraph by the following:
In ultrasonic fields where the peak acoustic pressure occurs close to the face, e.g. at
distances less than the minimum output beam dimension, the approximation for ultrasonic
intensity (see 7.2.5) may be made, provided that an appropriate uncertainty is taken into
account.
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment
Replace, in the second paragraph the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter σ ”
m
by “local distortion parameter σ ”.
q
Delete, in the fifth paragraph, the abbreviation “(PZT)”.
– 14 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
9 Compliance statement
9.1 General
Replace the existing text of the second and third paragraphs as follows:
For compliance with this standard, the following shall be stated for any parameter that is
reported:
a) the arithmetic mean determined from measurements on a group of n nominally identical
systems, each with the acoustic output settings yielding the maximum output, where n ≥ 3
and
b) the overall uncertainty of the value determined under a).
This overall uncertainty shall be calculated using an appropriate measure (with 95 %
confidence, for 95 % of the population) of the statistical variation and the measurement
uncertainty (at a level of confidence of 95 %).
The tolerance interval is to be understood in accordance with ISO 16269-6:2005. More
guidance on assessment of uncertainties is given in Annex I.
Measurement uncertainty involves many components (see Annex I). It shall be an
assessment of the contributions of all uncertainties (these referring to measurements
made on one system). The measurement uncertainty shall be calculated as the expanded
uncertainty corresponding to a level of confidence of 95 %. The method of combining the
uncertainty contributions specified by the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Guide to the
expression of uncertainty in measurement, shall be followed.
NOTE ”tolerance interval” refers to the production scatter and “uncertainty” refers to the measurement method.
9.2 Maximum probable values
Replace lettered item a) in the first paragraph by the following:
a) measurements shall be carried out on a group of n nominally identical systems, each with
the acoustic output settings yielding the maximum output, where n ≥ 3;
Annex A – General rationale
Replace, in the rationale for definition 3.38 (fifth paragraph) the reference to “non-linear
propagation parameter” by “local distortion parameter”.
Annex B – Hydrophones and positioning
B.10 Typical specification data for hydrophones
Replace the existing text of the introductory paragraph (“See Table B.1”) by the following:
Examples of typical properties of certain hydrophone types are given in Table B.1
Table B.1 – Typical specification data for hydrophones, in this case given at 1 MHz
Replace, in the heading of the 3rd column, the reference to “Electric load impedance” by
“Electric load resistance and parallel capacitance”, and delete the symbol “Z ”:
L
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 15 –
Replace, in the heading of the fifth column, the reference to “hydrophone impedance Z ” by
h
“End of cable resistance and parallel capacitance”
Replace the existing content of the fifth column, fourth row (“PVDF membrane 1 mm
diameter”) by the following:
8,9 Ω
128 pF
Replace the existing content of the fifth column, fifth row (“PVDF membrane 0,5 mm
diameter”) row by the following:
12 kΩ
97 pF
Annex D – Voltage to pressure conversion
D.1 General
Replace, at the end of the first paragraph, the reference to “5.1.1” by a reference to “5.1.2”.
D.3 Converting the data between double-sided and single-sided spectra
Replace in the second column, sixth row of Table D.1:
SS[N/2 + 1] = 2∙DS[N/2 + 1]
by
SS[N/2 + 1] = DS[N/2 + 1]
Replace the second column, tenth row of Table D.2:
DS[N] = SS[1]/2
by
DS[N] = SS[2]/2
Annex E – Correction for spatial averaging
Add, after formula (E.3), the following new text:
where signal is the peak compressional acoustic pressure.
The correction should be based on the average value of δ determined in two perpendicular
oriented directions.
1/2
NOTE 1 Signal represents p , p or ppsi . For each of these quantities a different K may be expected. The
+ - sa
1/2
correction factor for intensity related values derived from ppsi is given by the square of K for ppsi .
sa
1/2
NOTE 2 In a number of cases, the ppsi is replaced by any linearly related quantity, e.g.: in the case of a
1/2
continuous wave signal the term ppsi is replaced by rms acoustic pressure.
– 16 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
Add, after formula E.5, the following new text:
where signal is the peak compressional acoustic pressure.
The correction should be based on the average value of δ ’ determined in two perpendicular
oriented directions.
1/2
NOTE 3 Signal represents p , p or ppsi . For each of these quantities a different K’ may be expected. The
+ - sa
1/2
correction factor for intensity related values derived from ppsi is given by the square of K’ for ppsi .
sa
1/2
NOTE 4 In a number of cases, the ppsi is replaced by any linearly related quantity, e.g.: in the case of a
1/2
continuous wave signal the term ppsi is replaced by rms acoustic pressure.
Annex G – Propagation medium and degassing
Replace at the end of the third paragraph IEC 61161 by IEC TS 62781.
Annex H – Specific ultrasonic fields
H.1.1 Useful relationships between acoustical parameters
Replace the existing Equation (H.1) by the following:
I = prp · I / t
sppa spta d
H.1.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment
Replace, in the fourth paragraph, the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter σ ”
m
by “local distortion parameter σ ”.
q
H.1.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment
Replace, in the first paragraph, the reference to “non-linear propagation parameter” by “local
distortion parameter”.
Replace, in the fifth sentence of the third paragraph, the phrase “focused ultrasonic field” by
“divergent beam”,
H.2.1 Physiotherapy equipment
Add, after the first sentence of the first paragraph, the following new sentence:
IEC 61689 is the related measurement standard.
Replace, in the last sentence of the first paragraph and in the first sentence of the second
paragraph, the references to “near field” by “near field”.
Bibliography
Other publications
Replace the existing reference to IEC 61157 by the following:
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 17 –
IEC 61157:2007, Standard means for the reporting of the acoustic output of medical
diagnostic ultrasonic equipment
Amendment 1:—
Add the following new references:
IEC 60050-802, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 802: Ultrasonics
IEC 60601-2-5:2009, Medical electrical equipment – Part 2-5: Particular requirements for the
safety of ultrasonic physiotherapy equipment
IEC/TS 61949:2007, Ultrasonics – Field characterisation – In situ exposure estimation in
finite-amplitude ultrasonic beams
IEC/TS 62781 Ultrasonics – Conditioning of water for ultrasonic measurements
_____________
________
Amendment 1, to be published.
– 18 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © CEI:2013
AVANT-PROPOS
Le présent amendement a été établi par le comité d’études 87 de la CEI: Ultrasons.
Le texte de cet amendement est issu des documents suivants:
FDIS Rapport de vote
87/518/FDIS 87/524/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à l'approbation de cet amendement.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de cet amendement et de la publication de base ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de la CEI sous
"http://webstore.iec.ch" dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date,
la publication sera
• reconduite,
• supprimée,
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
_____________
INTRODUCTION
Supprimer, au deuxième alinéa, le term “piézoélectriques”.
Supprimer, au deuxième alinéa, les deux dernières phrases.
1 Domaine d'application
Supprimer, dans la Note 2, la deuxième phrase.
2 Références normatives
Remplacer la référence à l'ISO Guide pour l'expression de l'incertitude de mesure comme
suit:
ISO/CEI Guide 98-3, Incertitude de mesure – Partie 3: Guide pour l'expression de l'incertitude
de mesure (GUM:1995)
3 Termes, définitions et symboles
La correction du terme "watts per metre squared" dans tout cet article ne concerne que le
texte anglais.
La correction du terme "metres squared" dans tout cet article ne concerne que le texte
anglais.
62127-1 Amend.1 © CEI:2013 – 19 –
3.1
forme d’onde des impulsions acoustiques
Supprimer la Note 2.
3.3
fréquence acoustique
fréquence d’application acoustique
Remplacer, dans la deuxième phrase de Note 1:" 3.3.1 et 3.3.2" par "3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 et
3.3.4".
3.3.1
fréquence d’application acoustique de passage à zéro
f
awf
Remplacer le texte existant de la définition par le suivant:
nombre, n, de demi-périodes consécutives (indépendamment de la polarité) divisé par deux
fois le temps qui s’écoule entre le début de la première demi-période et la fin de n-ième demi-
période
NOTE 1 Il convient qu’aucune des n demi-périodes consécutives ne présente un changement de phase évident.
NOTE 2 Il convient de réaliser les mesures, dans le récepteur, aux bornes qui sont le plus proche possible du
transducteur de réception (hydrophone) et, dans tous les cas, avant redressement.
NOTE 3 Cette fréquence est déterminée conformément à la procédure spécifiée dans la CEI/TR 60854.
NOTE 4 Cette fréquence est destinée aux systèmes à ondes entretenues uniquement.
3.3.2
fréquence d’application acoustique, moyenne arithmétique
f
awf
Ajouter la note suivante à la définition:
NOTE 3 Si f ne se situe pas dans la gamme < 3f , f est à considérer comme la fréquence la plus basse au-
2 1 2
dessus de cette gamme à laquelle l’amplitude du spectre est de -3 dB de l’amplitude de crête.
3.3.3
fréquence acoustique d’impulsion de crête
Supprimer le point après le symbole f .
p
3.4
axe azimutal
Figure 1 – Schéma illustrant les différents plans et différentes lignes d'un champ
ultrasonique
Dans la Figure, remplacer “Y” par “Z” et “Z” par “Y”.
Dans la légende de la Figure, remplacer “Y axe du faisceau” par “Y axe d’élévation” et “Z axe
d’élévation” par “Z axe de faisceau”.
3.7
surface du faisceau de sortie
Remplacer le symbole par: “A , A ”
b,6 b,20
Remplacer le texte existant de la Note 1 par le suivant:
– 20 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © CEI:2013
NOTE 1 Si la position du plan n’est pas spécifiée, il s’agit du plan qui passe par le point correspondant à la
valeur maximale de l’intégrale de pression d'impulsion au carré dans la totalité du champ acoustique.
Remplacer, dans la Note 3, le mot “niveaux” par “fractions”.
3.22
rayon efficace d’un transducteur ultrasonique non focalisé
Remplacer le terme par rayon efficace d’un transducteur ultrasonique sans focalisation
Remplacer le terme dans la Note par rayon efficace d’un transducteur ultrasonique sans
focalisation
3.28
champ lointain
Remplacer le texte existant par le suivant:
région du champ où z > z est alignée sur l’axe de faisceau pour des transducteurs plans
T
sans focalisation
NOTE 1 Dans le champ lointain, la pression acoustique apparaît comme sphériquement divergente depuis un
point situé sur ou à proximité de la surface rayonnante. Ainsi, la pression produite par la source acoustique est à
peu près inversement proportionnelle à la distance depuis la source.
NOTE 2 Le terme “champ lointain” est utilisé dans la présente norme internationale uniquement dans le cas de
transducteurs sans focalisation. Pour les transducteurs à focalisation, une terminologie différente s'applique aux
différentes parties du champ émis (voir CEI 61828).
NOTE 3 Si la forme de l’ouverture du transducteur génère plusieurs distances de transition, la distance la plus
éloignée du transducteur est utilisée.
3.34
intensité instantanée
Remplacer le texte existant de la Note 1 par le suivant:
NOTE 1 L’intensité instantanée est le produit de la pression acoustique instantanée et de la vitesse
acoustique. Il est difficile de mesurer l’intensité dans la gamme de fréquences ultrasoniques. Pour les besoins des
mesures auxquelles fait référence la présente Norme internationale et dans des conditions de distance suffisante
de l’ouverture du transducteur externe (au moins un diamètre de transducteur ou une dimension de transducteur
équivalente dans le cas d’un transducteur non circulaire), l’intensité instantanée peut être approchée par
l’intensité instantanée dérivée.
3.37
champ proche
Remplacer la définition et la note existantes par les suivantes:
région du champ où z < z est alignée sur l’axe de faisceau pour des transducteurs plans
T
sans focalisation
NOTE 1 Dans le cas des transducteurs circulaires plans, il se trouve à une distance inférieure à A /πλ, où A
ob ob
est la surface du faisceau de sortie et λ est la longueur d'onde de l'ultrason correspondant à la fréquence
acoustique.
NOTE 2 Si la forme de l’ouverture du transducteur génère plusieurs distances de transition, la distance la plus
proche du transducteur doit être utilisée
3.38
paramètre de propagation non linéaire
Remplacer le terme, le symbole et la définition existants par les suivants:
paramètre de déformation locale
σ
q
62127-1 Amend.1 © CEI:2013 – 21 –
indice permettant de prévoir la déformation non linéaire d'un ultrason pour un transducteur
ultrasonique, particulier, et qui est donné par σ de:
q
2πf β 1
awf
σ = z p (2)
q m
ρ⋅c
F
a
où:
z est la distance axiale du point considéré à la face du transducteur;
p est la pression acoustique de crête moyenne au point du champ acoustique
m
correspondant à la pression acoustique à la crête spatiale et temporelle;
β est le paramètre non linéaire ( β = 1 + B/2A = 3,5 pour l’eau douce à 20 °C );
f est la fréquence d’application acoustique;
awf
F est le facteur de surface locale
a
[SOURCE: CEI/TS 61949, définition 3.12, modifiée – le texte de la définition a été modifié
considérablement, toutefois l'équation reste inchangé.]
3.43
pression acoustique de crête
Remplacer le symbole existant par: “ p (ou p ) ou p (ou p )”.
r - c +
3.44
pression acoustique de raréfaction de crête
Remplacer le symbole existant par: “p (ou p )
r -
3.45
pression acoustique de compression de crête
Remplacer le symbole existant par: “p (ou p )”
c +
3.47
intensité moyenne de l'impulsion
I
pa
La correction du mot "ratio" ne concerne que le texte anglais.
Ajouter la nouvelle note suivante et numéroter la note existante en Note 2.
NOTE 1 Cette définition concerne les impulsions et les salves.
3.51
période de répétition des impulsions
Supprimer dans la Note 1, la deuxième phrase ("Voir également la CEI 60469-1:1987,
5.3.2.1.").
3.52
régime de répétition des impulsions
Supprimer la Note 1.
Renuméroter la Note 2 en Note.
– 22 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © CEI:2013
3.65
intensité dérivée de la moyenne temporelle
Remplacer la Note 1 existante par la suivante:
NOTE 1 Il convient de prendre la moyenne temporelle en fonction d’un nombre entier de périodes acoustiques
de répétition.
Ajouter la nouvelle Note 2 suivante et renuméroter la Note 2 existante en Note 3:
NOTE 2 (Pour ce qui concerne les appareils de diagnostic médical à ultrasons) en principe, l’intensité dérivée
de la moyenne temporelle est une moyenne temporelle calculée sur un intervalle de temps relativement long.
Pour les systèmes explorateurs non automatiques, il convient de calculer la moyenne de l’intensité instantanée
sur une ou plusieurs périodes de répétition des impulsions. Pour les systèmes explorateurs automatiques, il
convient de calculer la moyenne de l’intensité instantanée sur une ou plusieurs périodes de répétition
d’exploration pour un mode de fonctionne
...
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