IEC 61000-4-23:2016/AMD1:2025
(Amendment)Amendment 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances
Amendment 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances
Amendement 1 -
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61000-4-23 ®
Edition 2.0 2025-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
AMENDMENT 1
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -
Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for protective
devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances
ICS 33.100.99 ISBN 978-2-8327-0595-7
IEC 61000-4-23:2016-10/AMD1:2025-07(en)
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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -
Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for
protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances
AMENDMENT 1
FOREWORD
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Amendment 1 to IEC 61000-4-23:2016 has been prepared by subcommittee 77C: High power
transient phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
The text of this Amendment is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
77C/351/FDIS 77C/353/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Amendment is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications/.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
___________
3 Terms and definitions
Add the following new term and definition:
3.52
mechanical stirrer
rotating reflector used to approximate the average fields in a given space
Figure 2 – Electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness of a 0,5 mm thick
aluminum enclosure [29]
Replace the figure and title with the following new figure and title:
Figure 2 – Electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness
of a 0,5 mm thick aluminium enclosure [29]
5.2.3.2 Global illumination with active radiators
Replace the first paragraph with the following new text:
A typical test configuration for a CW test is shown in Figure 21. This figure shows the facility
being tested, the CW antenna, the measurement equipment enclosure and associated cable
connections. The measuring equipment is located on the ground near the facility. Because this
is a field illumination test, it is important to have the CW radiating antenna located at least
several wavelengths from the facility so that the illuminating field appears as a plane wave.
Therefore, to measure at frequencies above 1 MHz (for HEMP), the antenna should be at least
600 m from the facility under test. For IEMI testing above 300 MHz, the wavelength is 1 m, and
the antenna distance is not restricted by the wavelength, but by the size of the transmitting
antenna (d > 2D /λ, where D is the largest dimension of the antenna, λ is the wavelength of the
lowest frequency).
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
Add, after 5.2.3.2, the following new subclause:
5.2.3.7 Global illumination for space-averaged transfer function for frequencies above
1 GHz
High-power electromagnetic fields threat can be evaluated using the transfer function, which is
defined by Equation (13). For a large-sized building, the transfer function is dependent on the
position to be measured: the transfer function has a different magnitude and phase according
to the position of a response sensor inside the building. Such space dependency makes it hard
to evaluate a high-power electromagnetic field threat for a large-sized building. Finding
maximum fields and power inside the assessment space is a tedious and time-consuming task.
The space-averaged transfer has been proposed using a statistical approach, which is specified
with an averaged attenuation, standard deviation, and the difference between the maximum and
minimum levels at each frequency. These parameters can be used to evaluate each room
composing the building. By employing a space-averaged transfer function, it becomes possible
to assess the vulnerability of a given space to a high-power electromagnetic field. Also, space-
averaged transfer functions can be compared for each room to find out the room the most
susceptible to a high-power electromagnetic field threat. Magnitudes of the transfer function are
measured at multiple points inside a room, and then measured magnitudes are averaged to
obtain the space-averaged transfer function. Subclause 5.2.3.7 describes two methods to
measure the space-averaged transfer function: Multi-point and single-point measurements,
respectively.
Multi-point measurement for space-averaged transfer function
When high-power electromagnetic fields are incident to a building as shown in Figure 4,
E-field, H-field or receiving power is measured inside one space (e.g., rooms) composing the
building. A shielded facility is enclosed with metal panels enhancing the shielding effectiveness.
An unshielded facility, however, such as a general building, is enclosed with low-shielding
panels such as reinforced concrete, steel frames, glasses, and windows. Electromagnetic
waves propagate in a complicated way inside a building due to reflection from walls and
scattering from many types of objects.
As described in 4.1, surfaces of a building can be used as a shielding surface due to the
propagation loss when high-power electromagnetic fields penetrate inside the building. For a
large-sized building composed of many rooms, it is efficient to measure a space-averaged
magnitude of the transfer function. A distribution of the space-averaged magnitudes can be
used to find out the weakest room inside the building. As such the room can be avoided when
installing important devices or systems requiring protection from high-power electromagnetic
fields, so surfaces of the building can be used for protection.
Measurement set-up and procedure of multi-point measurement
Figure 35 – Multi-point measurement set-up
Figure 35 and Figure 36 show the measurement set-up and procedure, respectively, to measure
the space-averaged magnitude using the multi-point measurement. To ensure a plane wave on
the assessment space, the distance (d ) from the target building to the radiating antenna, shall
TX
be greater than the distance specified in Equation (13):
1 W
s
d ≥
(13)
TX
2 tan HPBW / 2
( )
where W represents the width of the assessment space, and HPBW denotes the half-power
s
beamwidth of the radiating antenna.
The procedure is composed of three steps: a reference measurement, receiving signal
measurements, and the calculation process. In the reference measurement, the directional
antenna is placed at the reference plane that corresponds to an incident plane of a CW
electromagnetic wave as shown in Figure 35. To verify the plane wave incidence conditions, it
is recommended that the reference power be measured at three or more points on the reference
plane, within 50 cm inside from both ends and the centre of the assessment space. The
reference signal is measured at three points at least in the reference plane to increase accuracy
of the reference measurement. If the measurement system were carefully calibrated in a semi-
anechoic chamber before on-site measurements, a calculated reference level using Friis
transmission equation can be used to avoid the influence of reflections from the floor or
surrounding structures, or both. After the reference signal measurement, the receiving signal is
measured inside a room of the building. The receiving signal is measured repeatedly at multiple
points inside a room: the directional receiving antenna is placed at each measurement point
from P1 to P9 shown in Figure 35 while the receiving signal is measured at each point. Due to
reflection and scattering, the receiving signal is different depending on antenna direction. When
measuring the reference level in front of the room of the building, a directional antenna is used
to reduce th
...
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