IEC 60695-9-1:2013

Fire hazard testing - Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame - General guidance

IEC 60695-9-1:2013 provides guidance for the assessment of surface spread of flame for electrotechnical products and the materials from which they are formed. It provides an explanation of the principles of flame spread for both liquids and solids, guidance for the selection of test methods, guidance on the use and interpretation of test results, and informative references. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-9-1 published in 2005, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- an expanded scope;
- updated references and
- updated terms and definitions.
Keywords: Surface spread, Flame
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-9-2:2005.

Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 9-1: Propagation de flammes en surface - Lignes directrices générales

La CEI 60695-9-1:2013 fournit les lignes directrices générales pour l'évaluation de la propagation de flammes en surface des produits électrotechniques et des matériaux à partir desquels ils sont faits. Elle fournit une explication des principes de la propagation de la flamme pour les liquides et les solides, des considérations pour la sélection des méthodes d'essai, des références informatives. Cette troisième édition de la CEI 60695-9-1 annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2005 dont elle constitue une révision technique. Les principales modifications par rapport à l'édition antérieure sont un domaine d'application étoffé, mise à jour des références et mise à jour des termes et définitions.
Mots-clés: Propagation en surface, Flamme, Combustion
Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 60695-9-2:2005.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Apr-2013
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 29.020 - Electrical engineering in general
• Technical Committee: TC 89 - Fire hazard testing
• Drafting Committee: WG 11 - TC 89/WG 11
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Mar-2013
• Completion Date: 29-Apr-2013

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60695-9-1:2005 - Fire hazard testing - Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame - General guidance
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60695-9-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Fire hazard testing –
Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame – General guidance

Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 9-1: Propagation des flammes en surface – Lignes directrices générales

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IEC 60695-9-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ

Fire hazard testing –
Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame – General guidance

Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –

Partie 9-1: Propagation des flammes en surface – Lignes directrices générales

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX P
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-83220-753-6

– 2 – 60695-9-1 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Principles of flame spread . 11
4.1 Liquids . 11
4.2 Solids . 11
5 Consideration for the selection of test methods . 12
5.1 Fire scenario . 12
5.2 Ignition sources . 12
5.3 Types of test specimen . 12
5.4 Test procedure and apparatus . 13
5.5 Measurement techniques . 13
5.5.1 Direct measurement . 13
5.5.2 Indirect measurement . 13
6 Use and interpretation of results . 13
Bibliography . 15

60695-9-1 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame –
General guidance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60695-9-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire
hazard testing.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1159/FDIS 89/1164/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-9-1 published in 2005,
and constitutes a technical revision.

– 4 – 60695-9-1 © IEC:2013
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) an expanded scope;
b) updated references;
c) updated terms and definitions.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This international standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-9-2.
A list of all the parts in the 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can be
found on the IEC web site.
IEC 60695-9 consists of the following parts:
– Part 9-1:Surface spread of flame – General guidance
– Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame – Summary of test methods
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60695-9-1 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Fires are responsible for creating hazards to life and property as a result of the generation of
heat (thermal hazard), and also toxic effluent, corrosive effluent and smoke (non-thermal
hazard). Fire hazard increases with the burning area leading in some cases to flashover and a
fully developed fire. This is a typical fire scenario in buildings.
The surface spread of flame beyond the area of ignition occurs as a result of the creation of a
pyrolysis front on the surface of the material, ahead of the flame front, arising from the heating
by the flame and external heat sources. The pyrolysis front is the boundary between pyrolysed
material and unpyrolysed material on the surface of the material. Combustible vapours are
generated within the region of pyrolysed material, which mix with air and ignite, creating the
flame front.
The surface spread of flame rate is the distance travelled by the flame front divided by the time
required to travel that distance. The surface spread of flame rate depends on the heat supplied
externally and/or by the flame of the burning material ahead of the burning zone and on the
ease of ignition. The ease of ignition is a function of the minimum ignition temperature,
thickness, density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the material. The heat supplied by
the flame depends on the heat release rate, specimen orientation, air flow rate and air flow
direction relative to the surface spread of flame direction. In general, materials show one of the
following types of surface spread of flame behaviour:
a) non-propagation: there is no flame propagation beyond the area of ignition;
b) decele
...