IEC 60335-2-25:2024
(Main)Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination microwave ovens
Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination microwave ovens
IEC 60335-2-25:2024 deals with the safety of microwave ovens for household and similar use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances. This standard also deals with combination microwave ovens, for which normative Annex AA is applicable. This standard also deals with microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships, for which normative Annex BB is applicable. Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial purposes, the appliance is not considered to be for household and similar use only.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not take into account
- persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
- children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
- for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
- in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
- commercial microwave ovens (IEC 60335-2-90);
- commercial microwave appliances with insertion or contacting applicators (IEC 60335 2 110);
- industrial microwave heating equipment (IEC 60519-6);
- appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601);
- appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) some subclauses have been modified for the appliance outlets and socket-outlets;
b) Subclause 7.12 has been improved in clarity;
c) Subclauses 8.1.1 and 20.2 have been modified to adopt test probe 19;
d) Subclauses 10.1 and 10.2 have been improved in clarity for inverter type microwave ovens;
e) maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces have been added in Subclause 11.8;
f) test criterion has been modified in Subclause 15.101;
g) Subclause 15.102 has been modified for harmonization with IEC 60335-2-6;
h) Subclauses 8.1.3, 15.103, 19.11.2, 19.13, 22.105, 22.106, 22.111 and Figure 101 have been improved in clarity;
i) Subclauses 22.103.2, 22.105 and 22.120 have been modified to adopt test probe 18;
j) Subclause 16.101 has been modified to move the content of 16.101.1, 16.101.2 directly under 16.101;
k) Subclause 22.119 has been modified to move the content of 22.119.1, 22.119.2 and 22.119.3 directly under 22.119.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Sécurité - Partie 2-25: Exigences particulières pour les fours à micro-ondes, y compris les fours à micro-ondes combinés
L'IEC 60335-2-25:2024 traite de la sécurité des fours à micro-ondes à usage domestique et analogue dont la tension assignée est inférieure ou égale à 250 V, y compris les appareils alimentés en courant continu (CC) et les appareils alimentés par batteries. La présente norme traite également des fours à micro-ondes combinés, pour lesquels l'Annexe AA normative s'applique. La présente norme traite également des fours à micro-ondes destinés à être utilisés à bord de navires, pour lesquels l'Annexe BB normative s'applique. Les appareils non destinés à un usage domestique normal, mais qui peuvent néanmoins constituer une source de danger pour le public, tels que les appareils destinés à être utilisés par des utilisateurs non avertis dans des magasins, chez des artisans et dans des fermes, sont compris dans le domaine d'application de la présente norme. Toutefois, si l'appareil est destiné à être utilisé par des professionnels pour la préparation d'aliments à des fins commerciales, cet appareil n'est pas considéré comme étant destiné uniquement à un usage domestique et analogue.
Dans la mesure du possible, la présente norme traite des dangers courants que présentent les appareils et auxquels sont exposés tous les individus situés à l'intérieur et autour de l'habitation. Cependant, elle ne tient en général pas compte:
- des personnes (y compris des enfants) dont les capacités physiques, sensorielles ou mentales; ou le manque d'expérience et de connaissance les empêchent d'utiliser l'appareil en toute sécurité sans surveillance ou instruction;
- des enfants qui jouent avec l'appareil.
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que
- pour les appareils destinés à être utilisés dans des véhicules ou à bord de navires ou d'avions, des exigences supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires;
- dans de nombreux pays, des exigences supplémentaires sont spécifiées par les organismes nationaux de la santé, par les organismes nationaux responsables de la protection des travailleurs et par des organismes similaires.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas
- aux fours à micro-ondes à usage commercial (IEC 60335-2-90);
- aux appareils à micro-ondes commerciaux avec applicateurs à insertion ou à contact (IEC 6033-2-110);
- aux installations de chauffage industriel à hyperfréquences (IEC 60519-6);
- aux appareils destinés à des usages médicaux (IEC 60601);
- aux appareils destinés à être utilisés dans des locaux qui présentent des conditions particulières, telles que la présence d'une atmosphère corrosive ou explosive (poussière, vapeur ou gaz).
Cette huitième édition annule et remplace la septième édition parue en 2020. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) certains paragraphes ont été modifiés pour les socles femelles de connecteurs et les socles de prises de courant;
b) le 7.12 a été amélioré pour plus de clarté;
c) les 8.1.1 et 20.2 ont été modifiés afin d'utiliser le calibre d'essai 19;
d) les 10.1 et 10.2 ont été améliorés pour les fours à micro-ondes de type onduleur;
e) des valeurs d'échauffement maximales ont été ajoutées pour les surfaces accessibles extérieures en 11.8;
f) le critère d'essai a été modifié en 15.101;
g) le 15.102 a été modifié à des fins d'harmonisation avec l'IEC 60335-2-6;
h) les 8.1.3, 15.103, 19.11.2, 19.13, 22.105, 22.106, 22.111 et la Figure 101 ont été améliorés pour plus de clarté;
i) les 22.103.2, 22.105 et 22.120 ont été modifiés afin d'utiliser le calibre d'essai 18;
j) le 16.101 a été modifié de manière à déplacer le contenu du 16.101.1 et du 16.101.2 directement sous le 16.101;
k) le 22.119 a été modifié de manière à déplacer le contenu du 22.119.1, du 22.119.2 et du 22.119.3 directement sous le 22.119.
La présente partie 2 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la dernière édition de l'IEC 60335-1 et ses amendements sauf si cette édition l'exclut. Dans ce cas, la dernière édition qui
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IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
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IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.120; 97.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-9404-8
– 2 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General requirement . 10
5 General conditions for the tests . 10
6 Classification . 11
7 Marking and instructions . 11
8 Protection against access to live parts . 13
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 13
10 Power input and current . 14
11 Heating . 14
12 Void Charging of metal-ion batteries . 16
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 16
14 Transient overvoltages . 16
15 Moisture resistance . 17
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 19
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 19
18 Endurance . 20
19 Abnormal operation . 20
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 22
21 Mechanical strength . 23
22 Construction . 24
23 Internal wiring . 31
24 Components . 31
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 31
26 Terminals for external conductors . 32
27 Provision for earthing . 32
28 Screws and connections . 32
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 32
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 32
31 Resistance to rusting . 32
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 32
Annexes . 38
Annex A (informative) Routine tests . 39
Annex B (normative) Battery-operated appliances, separable batteries and detachable
batteries for battery-operated appliances . 41
Annex R (normative) Software evaluation . 42
Annex AA (normative) Combination microwave ovens . 43
Annex BB (normative) Microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships . 46
Bibliography . 48
Figure 101 – Test rod for door interlock concealment . 34
Figure 102 – Test cabinet including working surface, position of funnel and example for
direction of tilt .
Figure 102 – Void . 34
Figure 103 – Test cabinet including separation board, position of funnel and example
for direction of tilt . 35
Figure 104 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 35
Figure 105 – Front view of appliance with identification of excluded areas . 36
Figure 106 – Arrangement of work surface for spillage test on built-in microwave oven . 36
Figure 107 – Detail of bottle cap and position of hole . 37
Figure 108 – Spillage solution bottle . 37
Figure 109 – Bottle position for the spillage test . 37
Table 101 – Maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces under normal
operating conditions . 16
– 4 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition IEC 60335-2-25:2020. A vertical bar appears in the margin
wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text.
IEC 60335-2-25 has been prepared by subcommittee 61B: Safety of microwave appliances for
household and commercial use, of IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and similar
electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2020. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) some subclauses have been modified for the appliance outlets and socket-outlets;
b) Subclause 7.12 has been improved in clarity;
c) Subclauses 8.1.1 and 20.2 have been modified to adopt test probe 19;
d) Subclauses 10.1 and 10.2 have been improved in clarity for inverter type microwave ovens;
e) maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces have been added in
Subclause 11.8;
f) test criterion has been modified in Subclause 15.101;
g) Subclause 15.102 has been modified for harmonization with IEC 60335-2-6;
h) Subclauses 8.1.3, 15.103, 19.11.2, 19.13, 22.105, 22.106, 22.111 and Figure 101 have been
improved in clarity;
i) Subclauses 22.103.2, 22.105 and 22.120 have been modified to adopt test probe 18;
j) Subclause 16.101 has been modified to move the content of 16.101.1, 16.101.2 directly
under 16.101;
k) Subclause 22.119 has been modified to move the content of 22.119.1, 22.119.2 and
22.119.3 directly under 22.119.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61B/701/FDIS 61B/705/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including
combination microwave ovens.
– 6 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.
The following differences exist in the countries indicated below.
– 5.3:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 10 W/m during the initial test (Japan and
USA).
– 6.1: Microwave ovens may be class 0I if the rated voltage does not exceed more
than 150 V (Japan).
– 7.12: Specific instructions exist pertaining to using and servicing microwave ovens
with respect to the risk of exposure to microwave energy (USA).
– 7.12: It is prohibited to place the appliance in a cabinet with a door (Japan).
– Clause 18: The test is carried out on two appliances (USA).
– 19.11.2: The input voltage variation is not applied (USA).
– 19.13: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of each test (USA).
– 21.102: The applied force is 222 N (USA).
– 21.105:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.111: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of the test (USA).
– 22.112:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.115: All access to the cavity has to be prevented (USA).
INTRODUCTION
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 and SC 61B supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
https://www.iec.ch/sc61b/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules may can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal and generic standards Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety
publications covering a hazard are not applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing
the general and particular requirements for the IEC 60335 series of standards. For example, in the case of
temperature requirements for surfaces on many appliances, generic standards, such as ISO 13732-1 for hot surfaces,
are not applicable in addition to Part 1 or part 2 standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may can be examined and tested according to the intent of
the requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with
the standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.
– 8 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of microwave ovens for household and similar
use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied
appliances and battery-operated appliances.
This standard also deals with combination microwave ovens, for which normative Annex AA
is applicable.
This standard also deals with microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships, for which
normative Annex BB is applicable.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless may can be a source
of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light
industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is
intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial purposes, the appliance is
not considered to be for household and similar use only.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
NOTE 101 Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
NOTE 102 This standard does not apply to
– commercial microwave ovens (IEC 60335-2-90);
– commercial microwave appliances with insertion or contacting applicators
(IEC 60335-2-110);
– industrial microwave heating equipment (IEC 60519-6);
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601);
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium
chloride solution)
IEC 60335-2-5:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-5: Particular
requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60335-2-6:2014— , Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-6:
Particular requirements for stationary cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and similar appliances
IEC 60335-2-9, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-9: Particular
requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to physical characteristics
3.1.7 Addition:
Note 101 to entry: The rated frequency is the input frequency.
3.1.9
normal operation
Modification:
Replace the first paragraph by the following:
operation of the appliance with 1 000 g ± 50 g of potable water at an initial temperature of
20 °C ± 2 °C in a cylindrical borosilicate glass vessel having a maximum thickness of 3 mm and
an outside diameter of approximately 190 mm., the vessel is being placed on the centre of the
shelf
3.5 Definitions relating to types of appliances
3.5.101
microwave oven
appliance using electromagnetic energy in one or several of the ISM frequency bands between
300 MHz and 30 GHz, for heating food and beverages in a cavity
___________
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/FDIS 60335-2-6:2024.
ISM frequency bands are the electromagnetic frequencies established by the ITU and reproduced in CISPR 11.
– 10 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
Note 1 to entry: ISM frequency bands are the electromagnetic frequencies established by the ITU and reproduced
in CISPR 11.
3.5.102
combination microwave oven
microwave oven in which heat is also provided in the cavity by simultaneous or consecutive
operation of resistive heating elements
Note 1 to entry: The resistive heating elements are used to provide radiant heat, convection heat or steam.
3.6 Definitions relating to parts of an appliance
3.1033.6.101
cavity
space enclosed by the inner walls and the door in which the load is placed
3.1043.6.102
shelf
horizontal support in the cavity on which the load is placed
3.1053.6.103
door interlock
device or system that prevents the operation of the magnetron microwave generator(s), unless
the oven door is closed
3.1063.6.104
monitored door interlock
door interlock system that incorporates a supervision device
3.1073.6.105
temperature-sensing probe
device that is inserted into the food to measure its temperature and is a part of an oven control
3.8 Definitions relating to miscellaneous matters
3.8.101
open deck
area that is exposed to marine environment
3.8.102
dayroom
area that can be exposed to marine environment from time to time
4 General requirement
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
5.2 Addition:
NOTE 101 An additional sample can be required for the test of 19.104.
NOTE 102 Six samples of the interlocks are required for the test of 24.1.4.
5.3 Modification:
Instead of carrying out the tests in the order of clauses, the following sequence of clauses and
subclauses applies: 32.1, 22.113, 22.108, 22.115, 22.116, Clause 7 to 17, Clause 20, Clause 21
(except 21.101 to 21.105), Clause 18, Clause 19 (except 19.104), Clause 22 (except 22.108,
22.113, 22.115 and 22.116), Clause 23 to 31 and 32.2, 21.101 to 21.105 and 19.104.
5.101 Microwave ovens are tested as motor-operated appliances.
5.102 Class III temperature-sensing probes are only subjected to the tests of 22.112.
6 Classification
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
6.1 Modification:
Microwave ovens shall be class I or class II.
7 Marking and instructions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
7.1 Addition:
Appliances shall be marked with the nominal frequency in megahertz of the ISM band in which
they operate.
If the removal of any cover results in microwave leakage exceeding the value specified in 32.1,
the cover shall be marked with the substance of the following:
WARNING
MICROWAVE ENERGY
DO NOT REMOVE THIS COVER
If an appliance incorporates a socket-outlet protected by means of fuses, other than D-type
fuses, it shall be marked with the rated current of the relevant fuse. When a miniature fuse-link
is provided, this marking shall indicate that the fuse-link is to have a high breaking capacity.
When the exempted provisions of footnote b to Table 101 and/or Table 3 apply, the appliance
shall be marked with the substance of "CAUTION: Hot surface", or symbol IEC 60417-5041
(2002-10).
7.6 Addition:
[symbol IEC 60417-5041 caution, hot surface
(2002-10)]
7.12 Addition:
The instructions shall state the substance of the following:
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
READ CAREFULLY AND KEEP FOR FUTURE REFERENCE
– 12 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
The instructions shall include the substance of the following warnings:
– WARNING: If the door or door seals are damaged, the oven must not be operated until it
has been repaired by a competent person.
– WARNING: It is hazardous for anyone other than a competent person to carry out any
service or repair operation that involves the removal of a cover which gives protection
against exposure to microwave energy.
NOTE 101 This warning is applicable if microwave leakage exceeds the limit specified in 32.1 during the
removal of any cover.
– WARNING: Liquids and other foods must not be heated in sealed containers since they are
liable to explode.
– WARNING: Ensure that the cavity does not contain any items or utensils that are not suitable
for the use with the microwave oven before you operate the appliance.
– WARNING: Do not use the cavity for storing combustible products, cooking utensils, or food
and similar when the microwave oven is not in use.
The instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– This appliance is intended to be used in household and similar applications such as:
• staff kitchen areas in shops, offices and other working environments;
• farm houses;
• by clients in hotels, motels and other residential environments;
• bed and breakfast type environments.
If the manufacturer wishes to limit the use of the appliance to less than the above, this has
to shall be clearly stated in the instructions.
– The minimum height of free space necessary above the top surface of the oven.
– Only use utensils that are suitable for use in microwave ovens.
– Metallic containers for food and beverages are not allowed during microwave cooking. This
requirement is not applicable if the manufacturer specifies size and shape of metallic
containers suitable for microwave cooking.
– When heating food in plastic or paper containers, keep an eye on the oven due to the
possibility of ignition.
– The microwave oven is intended for heating food and beverages. Drying of food or clothing
and heating of warming pads, slippers, sponges, damp cloth and similar may can lead to
risk of injury, ignition or fire.
– If smoke is observed, switch off or unplug the appliance and keep the door closed in order
to stifle any flames.
– Microwave heating of beverages can result in delayed eruptive boiling, therefore care must
be taken when handling the container.
– The contents of feeding bottles and baby food jars shall be stirred or shaken and the
temperature checked before consumption, in order to avoid burns.
– Eggs in their shell and whole hard-boiled eggs should not be heated in microwave ovens
since they may can explode, even after microwave heating has ended.
– Details for cleaning door seals, cavities and adjacent parts.
– The oven should be cleaned regularly and any food deposits removed.
– Failure to maintain the oven in a clean condition could lead to deterioration of the surface
that could adversely affect the life of the appliance and possibly result in a hazardous
situation.
– Only use the temperature probe recommended for this oven (for appliances having a facility
to use a temperature-sensing probe).
– The instructions for use for fixed appliances and built-in appliances being used equal or
higher than 900 mm above the floor and having detachable turntables shall state that care
should be taken not to displace the turntable when removing containers from the appliance.
This is not applicable for appliances with horizontal bottom hinged door.
– The appliance shall not be cleaned with a steam cleaner.
If symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) is marked on the appliance, its meaning shall be explained.
The manufacturer shall state in the instructions whether the microwave oven is allowed to be
placed or installed less than 850 mm above the floor.
The manufacturer shall state in the instructions whether the microwave oven is intended to be
used freestanding, built-in or in a cabinet. If the appliance can be used while placed in a cabinet,
• the minimum dimensions of the cabinet shall be given by the manufacturer, and
• the instructions shall state that the appliance must be operated with any cabinet door open.
The instructions for microwave ovens having an additional decorative door shall state that the
appliance must be operated with the decorative door open.
The instructions for microwave ovens that are not tested in a cabinet shall state that the
appliance must not be placed in a cabinet.
The instructions for microwave ovens that are not in compliance with 22.118 shall state that
the appliance must not be installed equal or higher than 900 mm above the floor.
7.14 Addition:
The height of the lettering of the warning specified in 7.1 shall be at least 3 mm.
The height of symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) shall be at least 10 mm.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
7.15 Addition:
If the hot surface marking in 7.1, or symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) is marked on the
appliance, it shall be visible when the appliance is operated as in normal use, including when
actuating any switch, adjusting any control or opening a lid, drawer or door. It shall not be
placed on surfaces that are exempted from the limits in Table 3 and Table 101.
8 Protection against access to live parts
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
8.1.1 Addition:
Test probe 18 of IEC 61032 is also applied, as specified for test probe B. However, it is only
applied to parts that are accessible when the oven is operated in normal use.
For part of appliances situated not more than 850 mm above the floor after installation or in
normal use, in addition to the use of test probe 18, test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is also applied
wherever test probe 18 is used and with the same test conditions used for test probe 18.
– 14 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
8.1.3 Addition:
Test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is not applied.
8.2 Addition:
Test probe 18 of IEC 61032 is also applied, as specified for test probe B. However, it is only
applied to parts that are accessible when the oven is operated in normal use.
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
10 Power input and current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
10.1 Addition:
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the power input varies throughout the operating cycle,
the representative period is considered as specified in 11.7 without the rest periods.
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the power input does not vary throughout the operating
cycle, and for non-inverter type microwave ovens, the power input is measured at the end of
third operating cycle of 11.7.
10.2 Addition:
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the current varies throughout the operating cycle, the
representative period is considered as specified in 11.7 without the rest periods.
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the current does not vary throughout the operating cycle,
and for non-inverter type microwave ovens, the current is measured at the end of the third
operating cycle of 11.7.
11 Heating
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
11.2 Addition:
Appliances, other than built-in appliances, are positioned as specified for heating appliances.
A ceiling is placed over the appliance at the minimum height stated in the instructions.
The ceiling has a depth of 300 mm from the back wall of the test corner and a length at least
150 mm in excess of the width of the appliance.
Appliances that can be used when placed in a cabinet are placed in a cabinet with the minimum
dimension given in the instructions by the manufacturer, the plywood specified for the test
corner being used. The appliance is positioned against the rear wall and one of the side walls.
The cabinet door is in the open position.
11.3 Addition:
Where the external accessible surfaces are suitably flat and access permits, the test probe of
Figure 104 is used to measure the temperature rises of external accessible surfaces specified
in Table 101. The probe is applied with a force of 4 N ± 1 N to the surface in such a way that
the best possible contact between the probe and the surface is ensured. The measurement is
performed after a contact period of 30 s.
The probe can be held in place using a laboratory stand clamp or similar device. Any measuring
instrument giving the same results as the probe can be used.
11.7 Replacement:
Appliances are operated for three cycles with remote operation enabled, if any. Each cycle
consisting of a heating period of 10 min followed by a rest period of 1 min. The last cycle does
not include a rest period of 1 min. During the rest periods, the lid, drawer or door is open, the
remote operation enabled, if any, and the load is replaced.
Appliance outlets accessible to the user and socket-outlets accessible to the user are loaded
with a resistive load that gives the marked outlet load. The current in the appliance outlets and
socket-outlets on the appliance are continuously loaded.
For appliances incorporating integral batteries or separable batteries not disconnected from
the appliance for charging purposes:
– the battery that has been fully discharged is charged for 1 h, while the appliance is
operated as specified, if allowed by the construction of the appliance;
– the battery that has been fully discharged is charged, for a duration of 24 h or until it is
fully charged, whichever is shorter, without the battery-operated appliance performing its
intended function.
11.8 Modification:
Replace the first paragraph by the following text:
During the test, the temperature rises are monitored continuously and shall not exceed the
values shown in Table 3 and Table 101.
Addition:
For Table 3:
– The temperature rises of external surfaces of microwave ovens are only measured on the
surfaces that are not placed against the wall and the floor of the test corner;
– There are no temperature rise limits for air-outlet grilles and for surfaces up to a distance of
25 mm from them.
NOTE 101 These surfaces do not include handles.
– When the required values for external enclosure of motor-operated appliances are not
met, the maximum temperature rise shall not exceed the limit by more than 20 K to the
values indicated.
NOTE 101 The temperature rises for handles, knobs, grips and similar parts which are specified in Table 3
apply regardless of their position on the above surfaces.
– 16 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
Table 101 – Maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces
under normal operating conditions
Temperature rise of surfaces of Temperature rise of surfaces
appliances allowed to be placed of appliances intended to be
Surface
or installed less than 850 mm placed not less than 850 mm
a a, b
above the floor above the floor
K K
Bare metal 38 42
c
42 49
Coated metal
Glass and ceramic 51 56
d, e
58 62
Plastic and plastic coating > 0,4 mm
NOTE The temperature rise limits of handles, knobs, grips, keyboards, keypads and similar parts are specified
in Table 3.
a
The following surfaces or elements shall not be taken into consideration (see Figure 105):
– cavity (surface temperatures are only measured when the door is closed);
– handles or control knobs including keypads, keyboards and the like: part of the equipment that a user
needs to touch to operate or adjust the equipment. The equipment shall be installed according to the
manufacturer’s instructions;
– surfaces within 5 mm of touch controls regardless of their shape;
– external surfaces of appliances inaccessible to a 75 mm diameter probe having a hemispherical end,
when the appliance is installed according to the installation condition of 11.2.
– surfaces on the microwave oven door within 10 mm from the left, right and lower edge of the
microwave oven door, or 25 mm from the upper edge of the microwave oven door (Zone 1). For built-in
appliances, the edges shall be considered between the microwave oven door and decorative trims, if
any;
– surfaces around the microwave oven door within 10 mm from the left, right or lower edge of the
microwa
...
IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
EXTENDED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
This extended version of IEC 60335-2-25:2024 includes the content of the references made to
IEC 60335-1:2020
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
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IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
EXTENDED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
This extended version of IEC 60335-2-25:2024 includes the content of the references made to
IEC 60335-1:2020
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.120; 97.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-9405-5
IEC 60335-1:2020/ISH1:2021 – 1 –
© IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60335-1
Edition 6.0 2020-09
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES – SAFETY –
Part 1: General requirements
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61: Safety of
household and similar electrical appliances.
The text of this Interpretation Sheet is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61/5999/DISH 61/6009/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
___________
INTRODUCTION
Edition 6 of IEC 60335-1:2020 defines and introduces requirements for a detachable
power supply part of an appliance. In the document, 24.2 prohibits the use of a power
supply in a flexible cord.
QUESTION:
Does Subclause 24.2 prohibit the use of a detachable power supply part?
ANSWER
No, a "detachable power supply part" is a defined term and is not captured by the term
"power supply" as used in Subclause 24.2.
NOTE A detachable power supply part is captured by the defined term when the output of the power supply
part is detachable from the class III construction part of the appliance at:
– the power supply part, or
– the class III construction part of the appliance.
However, the supply cord (if any) does not have to be detachable from the detachable power supply part.
ICS 13.120; 97.030
IEC 60335-1:2020-09/ISH1:2021-11(en)
– 2 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-1:2020 . 9
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-2-25:2024 . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 18
4 General requirement . 30
5 General conditions for the tests . 30
6 Classification . 34
7 Marking and instructions . 35
8 Protection against access to live parts . 45
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 47
10 Power input and current . 47
11 Heating . 49
12 Charging of metal-ion batteries . 56
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 58
14 Transient overvoltages . 60
15 Moisture resistance . 61
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 65
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 68
18 Endurance . 68
19 Abnormal operation . 69
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 80
21 Mechanical strength . 82
22 Construction . 85
23 Internal wiring . 103
24 Components . 105
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 110
26 Terminals for external conductors . 119
27 Provision for earthing . 121
28 Screws and connections . 123
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 125
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 134
31 Resistance to rusting . 139
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 139
Annex A (informative) Routine tests . 156
Annex B (normative) Battery-operated appliances, separable batteries and detachable
batteries for battery-operated appliances . 159
Annex C (normative) Ageing test on motors . 180
Annex D (normative) Thermal motor protectors . 181
Annex E (normative) Needle-flame test . 182
Annex G (normative) Safety isolating transformers . 185
Annex I (normative) Motors having basic insulation that is inadequate for the rated
voltage of the appliance . 188
Annex J (normative) Coated printed circuit boards . 190
Annex K (informative) Overvoltage categories . 191
Annex L (informative) Guidance for the measurement of clearances and creepage
distances . 192
Annex M (informative) Pollution degree . 195
Annex N (normative) Proof tracking test . 196
Annex O (informative) Selection and sequence of the tests of Clause 30 . 197
Annex P (informative) Guidance for the application of this standard to appliances
used in tropical climates . 202
Annex Q (informative) Sequence of tests for the evaluation of electronic circuits . 204
Annex R (normative) Software evaluation . 207
Annex S (informative) Guidance for the application of this standard on measurement
of power input and current based on the requirements of 10.1 and 10.2 concerning the
representative period . 221
Annex T (normative) UV-C radiation effect on non-metallic materials . 222
Annex U (normative) Appliances intended for remote communication through public
networks . 225
Annex AA (normative) Combination microwave ovens . 229
Annex BB (normative) Microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships . 232
Bibliography . 234
Index of defined terms . 237
Figure 1 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for single-phase connection of class II appliances and for parts of class ll construction . 140
Figure 2 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for single-phase connection of other than class II appliances or parts of class ll
construction . 141
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for three-phase with neutral class II appliances and for parts of class ll construction . 142
Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for three-phase with neutral appliances other than those of class II or parts of class ll
construction . 143
Figure 5 – Small part . 144
Figure 6 – Example of an electronic circuit with low-power points . 144
Figure 7 – Test finger nail . 145
Figure 8 – Flexing test apparatus . 146
Figure 9 – Constructions of cord anchorages . 147
Figure 10 – An example of parts of an earthing terminal . 148
Figure 11 – Examples of clearances . 149
Figure 12 – Example of the placement of the cylinder . 150
Figure 13 – Small parts cylinder . 151
Figure 14 – Example of a specified operating region of a lithium-ion cell during
charging . 152
Figure 101 – Test rod for door interlock concealment . 152
Figure 102 – Void . 152
– 4 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
Figure 103 – Test cabinet including separation board, position of funnel and example
for direction of tilt . 153
Figure 104 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 153
Figure 105 – Front view of appliance with identification of excluded areas . 154
Figure 106 – Arrangement of work surface for spillage test on built-in microwave oven . 154
Figure 107 – Detail of bottle cap and position of hole . 155
Figure 108 – Spillage solution bottle . 155
Figure 109 – Bottle position for the spillage test . 155
Figure B.1 – Examples of battery-operated appliance constructions and application of
normative Annex B (1 of 2) . 178
Figure B.2 – Examples of correct polarity connection marking representing three
batteries . 179
Figure I.1 – Simulation of faults . 189
Figure L.1 – Sequence for the determination of clearances . 192
Figure L.2 – Sequence for the determination of creepage distances . 193
Figure L.3 – Measurement of clearances . 194
Figure O.1 – Tests for resistance to heat . 197
Figure O.2 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in hand-held
appliances . 198
Figure O.3 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in attended
appliances . 198
Figure O.4 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in unattended
appliances . 199
Figure O.5 – Some applications of the term "within a distance of 3 mm" . 201
Figure Q.1 – Flowchart outlining the sequence of tests for the evaluation of electronic
circuits (1 of 2) . 205
Figure S.1 – Flowchart giving guidance on measurement of power input and current
concerning the representative period . 221
Table 1 – Power input deviation . 47
Table 2 – Current deviation . 48
Table 3 – Maximum normal temperature rises . 52
Table 101 – Maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces under normal
operating conditions. 56
Table 4 – Voltage for electric strength test . 60
Table 5 – Characteristics of high-voltage sources . 60
Table 6 – Impulse test voltage . 61
Table 7 – Test voltages. 67
Table 8 – Maximum winding temperature . 71
Table 9 – Maximum abnormal temperature rise . 77
Table 10 – Dimensions of cables and conduits . 112
Table 11 – Minimum cross-sectional area of conductors . 114
Table 12 – Pull force and torque . 116
Table 13 – Nominal cross-sectional area of conductors . 120
Table 14 – Torque for testing screws and nuts . 124
Table 15 – Rated impulse voltage . 126
Table 16 – Minimum clearances . 127
Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation . 131
Table 18 – Minimum creepage distances for functional insulation . 132
Table 19 – Minimum thickness for accessible parts of reinforced insulation consisting
of a single layer . 134
Table A.1 – Test voltages . 157
Table B.1 – Artificial source characteristics . 161
Table B.2 – Total area of openings for metal-ion cells . 169
Table B.3 – Volume of air injected at 2 070 kPa . 169
Table C.1 – Test conditions . 180
Table R.1 – General fault/error conditions . 209
Table R.2 – Specific fault/error conditions . 211
Table R.3 – Semi-formal methods . 217
Table R.4 – Software architecture specification . 217
Table R.5 – Module design specification . 218
Table R.6 – Design and coding standards . 219
Table R.7 – Software safety validation . 219
Table T.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV-C exposure . 223
Table T.2 – Minimum electric strength for internal wiring after UV-C exposure . 224
Table U.1 – Examples of acceptable measures against unauthorised access and
transmission fault/error modes . 227
– 6 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
FOREWORD
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This extended version (EXV) of the official IEC Standard provides the user with the
comprehensive content of the Standard.
made to IEC 60335-1:2020.
The specific content of IEC 60335-2-25:2024 is displayed on a blue background.
IEC 60335-2-25 has been prepared by subcommittee 61B: Safety of microwave appliances for
household and commercial use, of IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and similar
electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2020. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) some subclauses have been modified for the appliance outlets and socket-outlets;
b) Subclause 7.12 has been improved in clarity;
c) Subclauses 8.1.1 and 20.2 have been modified to adopt test probe 19;
d) Subclauses 10.1 and 10.2 have been improved in clarity for inverter type microwave ovens;
e) maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces have been added in
Subclause 11.8;
f) test criterion has been modified in Subclause 15.101;
g) Subclause 15.102 has been modified for harmonization with IEC 60335-2-6;
h) Subclauses 8.1.3, 15.103, 19.11.2, 19.13, 22.105, 22.106, 22.111 and Figure 101 have been
improved in clarity;
i) Subclauses 22.103.2, 22.105 and 22.120 have been modified to adopt test probe 18;
j) Subclause 16.101 has been modified to move the content of 16.101.1, 16.101.2 directly
under 16.101;
k) Subclause 22.119 has been modified to move the content of 22.119.1, 22.119.2 and
22.119.3 directly under 22.119.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61B/701/FDIS 61B/705/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including
combination microwave ovens.
– 8 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.
The following differences exist in the countries indicated below.
– 5.3:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 10 W/m during the initial test (Japan and
USA).
– 6.1: Microwave ovens may be class 0I if the rated voltage does not exceed more
than 150 V (Japan).
– 7.12: Specific instructions exist pertaining to using and servicing microwave ovens
with respect to the risk of exposure to microwave energy (USA).
– 7.12: It is prohibited to place the appliance in a cabinet with a door (Japan).
– Clause 18: The test is carried out on two appliances (USA).
– 19.11.2: The input voltage variation is not applied (USA).
– 19.13: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of each test (USA).
– 21.102: The applied force is 222 N (USA).
– 21.105:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.111: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of the test (USA).
– 22.112:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.115: All access to the cavity has to be prevented (USA).
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-1:2020
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 supporting documents on the IEC website –
www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules may differ.
If the functions of an appliance are covered by different parts 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2
is applied to each function separately, as far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of
one function on the other is taken into account.
Throughout this publication, when "part 2" is mentioned, it refers to the relevant part of
IEC 60335.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
Individual countries may wish to consider the application of this standard, as far as is
reasonable, to appliances not mentioned in a part 2, and to appliances designed on new
principles. In this case, consideration should be given to defining normal operation, specifying
the classification of the appliance according to Clause 6 and specifying whether the appliance
is operated attended or unattended. Consideration should also be given to particular categories
of likely users and to related specific risks such as access to live parts, hot surfaces or
hazardous moving parts.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of this standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
– 10 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with this
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-2-25:2024
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 and SC 61B supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
https://www.iec.ch/sc61b/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard can be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with the
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.
– 12 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of microwave ovens for household and similar
use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied
appliances and battery-operated appliances.
This standard also deals with combination microwave ovens, for which normative Annex AA
is applicable.
This standard also deals with microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships, for which
normative Annex BB is applicable.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of
danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light
industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is
intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial purposes, the appliance is
not considered to be for household and similar use only.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– commercial microwave ovens (IEC 60335-2-90);
– commercial microwave appliances with insertion or contacting applicators
(IEC 60335-2-110);
– industrial microwave heating equipment (IEC 60519-6);
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601);
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60061-1, Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability
and safety – Part 1: Lamp caps
IEC 60065:2014, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2-27
...
IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-25: Exigences particulières pour les fours à micro-ondes, y compris les
fours à micro-ondes combinés
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IEC 60335-2-25 ®
Edition 8.0 2024-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including combination
microwave ovens
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-25: Exigences particulières pour les fours à micro-ondes, y compris les
fours à micro-ondes combinés
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.120, 97.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-9184-9
– 2 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General requirement . 10
5 General conditions for the tests . 10
6 Classification . 11
7 Marking and instructions . 11
8 Protection against access to live parts . 13
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 13
10 Power input and current . 14
11 Heating . 14
12 Charging of metal-ion batteries . 16
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 16
14 Transient overvoltages . 16
15 Moisture resistance . 17
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 18
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 19
18 Endurance . 19
19 Abnormal operation . 20
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 22
21 Mechanical strength . 22
22 Construction . 24
23 Internal wiring . 30
24 Components . 30
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 31
26 Terminals for external conductors . 31
27 Provision for earthing . 31
28 Screws and connections . 31
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 31
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 31
31 Resistance to rusting . 32
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 32
Annexes . 37
Annex A (informative) Routine tests . 38
Annex B (normative) Battery-operated appliances, separable batteries and detachable
batteries for battery-operated appliances . 40
Annex R (normative) Software evaluation . 41
Annex AA (normative) Combination microwave ovens . 42
Annex BB (normative) Microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships . 45
Bibliography . 47
Figure 101 – Test rod for door interlock concealment . 33
Figure 102 – Void . 33
Figure 103 – Test cabinet including separation board, position of funnel and example
for direction of tilt . 33
Figure 104 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 34
Figure 105 – Front view of appliance with identification of excluded areas . 35
Figure 106 – Arrangement of work surface for spillage test on built-in microwave oven . 35
Figure 107 – Detail of bottle cap and position of hole . 36
Figure 108 – Spillage solution bottle . 36
Figure 109 – Bottle position for the spillage test . 36
Table 101 – Maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces under normal
operating conditions . 16
– 4 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60335-2-25 has been prepared by subcommittee 61B: Safety of microwave appliances for
household and commercial use, of IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and similar
electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2020. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) some subclauses have been modified for the appliance outlets and socket-outlets;
b) Subclause 7.12 has been improved in clarity;
c) Subclauses 8.1.1 and 20.2 have been modified to adopt test probe 19;
d) Subclauses 10.1 and 10.2 have been improved in clarity for inverter type microwave ovens;
e) maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces have been added in
Subclause 11.8;
f) test criterion has been modified in Subclause 15.101;
g) Subclause 15.102 has been modified for harmonization with IEC 60335-2-6;
h) Subclauses 8.1.3, 15.103, 19.11.2, 19.13, 22.105, 22.106, 22.111 and Figure 101 have been
improved in clarity;
i) Subclauses 22.103.2, 22.105 and 22.120 have been modified to adopt test probe 18;
j) Subclause 16.101 has been modified to move the content of 16.101.1, 16.101.2 directly
under 16.101;
k) Subclause 22.119 has been modified to move the content of 22.119.1, 22.119.2 and
22.119.3 directly under 22.119.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61B/701/FDIS 61B/705/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for microwave ovens, including
combination microwave ovens.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
– 6 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.
The following differences exist in the countries indicated below.
– 5.3:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 10 W/m during the initial test (Japan and
USA).
– 6.1: Microwave ovens may be class 0I if the rated voltage does not exceed more
than 150 V (Japan).
– 7.12: Specific instructions exist pertaining to using and servicing microwave ovens
with respect to the risk of exposure to microwave energy (USA).
– 7.12: It is prohibited to place the appliance in a cabinet with a door (Japan).
– Clause 18: The test is carried out on two appliances (USA).
– 19.11.2: The input voltage variation is not applied (USA).
– 19.13: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of each test (USA).
– 21.102: The applied force is 222 N (USA).
– 21.105:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.111: Microwave leakage is measured only at the end of the test (USA).
– 22.112:
Microwave leakage is not to exceed 50 W/m (Japan and USA).
– 22.115: All access to the cavity has to be prevented (USA).
INTRODUCTION
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 and SC 61B supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
https://www.iec.ch/sc61b/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard can be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with the
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.
– 8 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-25: Particular requirements for microwave ovens,
including combination microwave ovens
1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of microwave ovens for household and similar
use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied
appliances and battery-operated appliances.
This standard also deals with combination microwave ovens, for which normative Annex AA
is applicable.
This standard also deals with microwave ovens intended to be used on board ships, for which
normative Annex BB is applicable.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of
danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light
industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. However, if the appliance is
intended to be used professionally to process food for commercial purposes, the appliance is
not considered to be for household and similar use only.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– commercial microwave ovens (IEC 60335-2-90);
– commercial microwave appliances with insertion or contacting applicators
(IEC 60335-2-110);
– industrial microwave heating equipment (IEC 60519-6);
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601);
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium
chloride solution)
IEC 60335-2-6:— , Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-6: Particular
requirements for stationary cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and similar appliances
IEC 60335-2-9, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-9: Particular
requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to physical characteristics
3.1.7
Note 101 to entry: The rated frequency is the input frequency.
3.1.9
normal operation
Modification:
Replace the first paragraph by the following:
operation of the appliance with 1 000 g ± 50 g of potable water at an initial temperature of
20 °C ± 2 °C in a cylindrical borosilicate glass vessel having a maximum thickness of 3 mm and
an outside diameter of approximately 190 mm, the vessel being placed on the centre of the
shelf
3.5 Definitions relating to types of appliances
3.5.101
microwave oven
appliance using electromagnetic energy in one or several of the ISM frequency bands between
300 MHz and 30 GHz, for heating food and beverages in a cavity
Note 1 to entry: ISM frequency bands are the electromagnetic frequencies established by the ITU and reproduced
in CISPR 11.
___________
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/FDIS 60335-2-6:2024.
– 10 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
3.5.102
combination microwave oven
microwave oven in which heat is also provided in the cavity by simultaneous or consecutive
operation of resistive heating elements
Note 1 to entry: The resistive heating elements are used to provide radiant heat, convection heat or steam.
3.6 Definitions relating to parts of an appliance
3.6.101
cavity
space enclosed by the inner walls and the door in which the load is placed
3.6.102
shelf
horizontal support in the cavity on which the load is placed
3.6.103
door interlock
device or system that prevents the operation of the microwave generator(s), unless the oven
door is closed
3.6.104
monitored door interlock
door interlock system that incorporates a supervision device
3.6.105
temperature-sensing probe
device that is inserted into the food to measure its temperature and is a part of an oven control
3.8 Definitions relating to miscellaneous matters
3.8.101
open deck
area that is exposed to marine environment
3.8.102
dayroom
area that can be exposed to marine environment from time to time
4 General requirement
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
5.2 Addition:
An additional sample can be required for the test of 19.104.
Six samples of the interlocks are required for the test of 24.1.4.
5.3 Modification:
Instead of carrying out the tests in the order of clauses, the following sequence of clauses and
subclauses applies: 32.1, 22.113, 22.108, 22.115, 22.116, Clause 7 to 17, Clause 20, Clause 21
(except 21.101 to 21.105), Clause 18, Clause 19 (except 19.104), Clause 22 (except 22.108,
22.113, 22.115 and 22.116), Clause 23 to 31 and 32.2, 21.101 to 21.105 and 19.104.
5.101 Microwave ovens are tested as motor-operated appliances.
5.102 Class III temperature-sensing probes are only subjected to the tests of 22.112.
6 Classification
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
6.1 Modification:
Microwave ovens shall be class I or class II.
7 Marking and instructions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
7.1 Addition:
Appliances shall be marked with the nominal frequency in megahertz of the ISM band in which
they operate.
If the removal of any cover results in microwave leakage exceeding the value specified in 32.1,
the cover shall be marked with the substance of the following:
WARNING
MICROWAVE ENERGY
DO NOT REMOVE THIS COVER
When the exempted provisions of footnote b to Table 101 and/or Table 3 apply, the appliance
shall be marked with the substance of "CAUTION: Hot surface", or symbol IEC 60417-5041
(2002-10).
7.6 Addition:
[symbol IEC 60417-5041 caution, hot surface
(2002-10)]
7.12 Addition:
The instructions shall include the substance of the following warnings:
– WARNING: If the door or door seals are damaged, the oven must not be operated until it
has been repaired by a competent person.
– 12 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
– WARNING: It is hazardous for anyone other than a competent person to carry out any
service or repair operation that involves the removal of a cover which gives protection
against exposure to microwave energy.
NOTE 101 This warning is applicable if microwave leakage exceeds the limit specified in 32.1 during the
removal of any cover.
– WARNING: Liquids and other foods must not be heated in sealed containers since they are
liable to explode.
– WARNING: Ensure that the cavity does not contain any items or utensils that are not suitable
for the use with the microwave oven before you operate the appliance.
– WARNING: Do not use the cavity for storing combustible products, cooking utensils, or food
and similar when the microwave oven is not in use.
The instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– This appliance is intended to be used in household and similar applications such as:
• staff kitchen areas in shops, offices and other working environments;
• farm houses;
• by clients in hotels, motels and other residential environments;
• bed and breakfast type environments.
If the manufacturer wishes to limit the use of the appliance to less than the above, this shall
be clearly stated in the instructions.
– The minimum height of free space necessary above the top surface of the oven.
– Metallic containers for food and beverages are not allowed during microwave cooking. This
requirement is not applicable if the manufacturer specifies size and shape of metallic
containers suitable for microwave cooking.
– When heating food in plastic or paper containers, keep an eye on the oven due to the
possibility of ignition.
– The microwave oven is intended for heating food and beverages. Drying of food or clothing
and heating of warming pads, slippers, sponges, damp cloth and similar can lead to risk of
injury, ignition or fire.
– If smoke is observed, switch off or unplug the appliance and keep the door closed in order
to stifle any flames.
– Microwave heating of beverages can result in delayed eruptive boiling, therefore care must
be taken when handling the container.
– The contents of feeding bottles and baby food jars shall be stirred or shaken and the
temperature checked before consumption, in order to avoid burns.
– Eggs in their shell and whole hard-boiled eggs should not be heated in microwave ovens
since they can explode, even after microwave heating has ended.
– Details for cleaning door seals, cavities and adjacent parts.
– The oven should be cleaned regularly and any food deposits removed.
– Failure to maintain the oven in a clean condition could lead to deterioration of the surface
that could adversely affect the life of the appliance and possibly result in a hazardous
situation.
– Only use the temperature probe recommended for this oven (for appliances having a facility
to use a temperature-sensing probe).
– The instructions for use for fixed appliances and built-in appliances being used equal or
higher than 900 mm above the floor and having detachable turntables shall state that care
should be taken not to displace the turntable when removing containers from the appliance.
This is not applicable for appliances with horizontal bottom hinged door.
– The appliance shall not be cleaned with a steam cleaner.
If symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) is marked on the appliance, its meaning shall be explained.
The manufacturer shall state in the instructions whether the microwave oven is allowed to be
placed or installed less than 850 mm above the floor.
The manufacturer shall state in the instructions whether the microwave oven is intended to be
used freestanding, built-in or in a cabinet. If the appliance can be used while placed in a cabinet,
• the minimum dimensions of the cabinet shall be given by the manufacturer, and
• the instructions shall state that the appliance must be operated with any cabinet door open.
The instructions for microwave ovens having an additional decorative door shall state that the
appliance must be operated with the decorative door open.
The instructions for microwave ovens that are not tested in a cabinet shall state that the
appliance must not be placed in a cabinet.
The instructions for microwave ovens that are not in compliance with 22.118 shall state that
the appliance must not be installed equal or higher than 900 mm above the floor.
7.14 Addition:
The height of the lettering of the warning specified in 7.1 shall be at least 3 mm.
The height of symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) shall be at least 10 mm.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
7.15 Addition:
If the hot surface marking in 7.1, or symbol IEC 60417-5041 (2002-10) is marked on the
appliance, it shall be visible when the appliance is operated as in normal use, including when
actuating any switch, adjusting any control or opening a lid, drawer or door. It shall not be
placed on surfaces that are exempted from the limits in Table 3 and Table 101.
8 Protection against access to live parts
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
8.1.1 Addition:
For part of appliances situated not more than 850 mm above the floor after installation or in
normal use, in addition to the use of test probe 18, test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is also applied
wherever test probe 18 is used and with the same test conditions used for test probe 18.
8.1.3 Addition:
Test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is not applied.
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
– 14 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
10 Power input and current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
10.1 Addition:
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the power input varies throughout the operating cycle,
the representative period is considered as specified in 11.7 without the rest periods.
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the power input does not vary throughout the operating
cycle, and for non-inverter type microwave ovens, the power input is measured at the end of
third operating cycle of 11.7.
10.2 Addition:
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the current varies throughout the operating cycle, the
representative period is considered as specified in 11.7 without the rest periods.
For inverter type microwave ovens, if the current does not vary throughout the operating cycle,
and for non-inverter type microwave ovens, the current is measured at the end of the third
operating cycle of 11.7.
11 Heating
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
11.2 Addition:
Appliances, other than built-in appliances, are positioned as specified for heating appliances.
A ceiling is placed over the appliance at the minimum height stated in the instructions.
The ceiling has a depth of 300 mm from the back wall of the test corner and a length at least
150 mm in excess of the width of the appliance.
Appliances that can be used when placed in a cabinet are placed in a cabinet with the minimum
dimension given in the instructions by the manufacturer, the plywood specified for the test
corner being used. The appliance is positioned against the rear wall and one of the side walls.
The cabinet door is in the open position.
11.3 Addition:
Where the external accessible surfaces are suitably flat and access permits, the test probe of
Figure 104 is used to measure the temperature rises of external accessible surfaces specified
in Table 101. The probe is applied with a force of 4 N ± 1 N to the surface in such a way that
the best possible contact between the probe and the surface is ensured. The measurement is
performed after a contact period of 30 s.
The probe can be held in place using a laboratory stand clamp or similar device. Any measuring
instrument giving the same results as the probe can be used.
11.7 Replacement:
Appliances are operated for three cycles with remote operation enabled, if any. Each cycle
consisting of a heating period of 10 min followed by a rest period of 1 min. The last cycle does
not include a rest period of 1 min. During the rest periods, the lid, drawer or door is open, the
remote operation enabled, if any, and the load is replaced.
Appliance outlets accessible to the user and socket-outlets accessible to the user are loaded
with a resistive load that gives the marked outlet load. The current in the appliance outlets and
socket-outlets on the appliance are continuously loaded.
For appliances incorporating integral batteries or separable batteries not disconnected from
the appliance for charging purposes:
– the battery that has been fully discharged is charged for 1 h, while the appliance is
operated as specified, if allowed by the construction of the appliance;
– the battery that has been fully discharged is charged, for a duration of 24 h or until it is
fully charged, whichever is shorter, without the battery-operated appliance performing its
intended function.
11.8 Modification:
Replace the first paragraph by the following text:
During the test, the temperature rises are monitored continuously and shall not exceed the
values shown in Table 3 and Table 101.
Addition:
For Table 3:
– The temperature rises of external surfaces of microwave ovens are only measured on the
surfaces that are not placed against the wall and the floor of the test corner;
– There are no temperature rise limits for air-outlet grilles and for surfaces up to a distance of
25 mm from them.
– When the required values for external enclosure of motor-operated appliances are not
met, the maximum temperature rise shall not exceed the limit by more than 20 K to the
values indicated.
NOTE 101 The temperature rises for handles, knobs, grips and similar parts which are specified in Table 3
apply regardless of their position on the above surfaces.
– 16 – IEC 60335-2-25:2024 © IEC 2024
Table 101 – Maximum temperature rises of external accessible surfaces
under normal operating conditions
Temperature rise of surfaces of Temperature rise of surfaces
appliances allowed to be placed of appliances intended to be
Surface
or installed less than 850 mm placed not less than 850 mm
a a, b
above the floor above the floor
K K
Bare metal 38 42
c
42 49
Coated metal
Glass and ceramic 51 56
d, e
58 62
Plastic and plastic coating > 0,4 mm
NOTE The temperature rise limits of handles, knobs, grips, keyboards, keypads and similar parts are specified
in Table 3.
a
The following surfaces or elements shall not be taken into consideration (see Figure 105):
– cavity (surface temperatures are only
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