IEC/TR 61000-3-6

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-6: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

This Technical Report, which is informative in its nature, provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a distorting installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces harmonics and/or interharmonics. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices, which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. The report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all harmonic situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of distorting installations to the system. The distorting installation is to be understood as the customer's complete installation (i.e. including distorting and non-distorting parts). Problems related to harmonics fall into two basic categories:
/ - Harmonic currents that are injected into the supply system by converters and harmonic sources, giving rise to harmonic voltages in the system. Both harmonic currents and resulting voltages can be considered as conducted phenomena.
- Harmonic currents that induce interference into communication systems. This phenomenon is more pronounced at higher order harmonic frequencies because of increased coupling between the circuits and because of the higher sensitivity of the communication circuits in the audible range.
This report gives guidance for the co-ordination of the harmonic voltages between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. The recommendations in this report do not address harmonic interference phenomena in communication circuits (i.e. only the first of the above categories is addressed). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition is significantly more streamlined than first edition, and it reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. As part of this streamlining process, this second edition of IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does not address communications circuit interference. Clause 9 on this (section 10) was removed, as this did not suitably address emission limits for telephone interference. The scope has been adjusted to point out that IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does not address communications circuit interference. This edition has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-7 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 3-6. del: Mejne vrednosti - Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop motečih naprav v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

To informativno tehnično poročilo podaja napotke glede načel, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti kot osnovo za določanje zahtev za priklop motečih naprav v javna srednjenapetostna (MV) in visokonapetostna (HV) elektroenergetska omrežja ter elektroenergetska omrežja zelo visoke napetosti (EHV) (nizkonapetostne naprave so obravnavane v drugih dokumentih Mednarodne elektrotehniške komisije). Moteča naprava je za namene tega poročila naprava (ki je lahko obremenitev ali generator), ki proizvaja harmonike in/ali medharmonike. Glavni cilj je operaterjem ali lastnikom sistema zagotoviti napotke za inženirske prakse, kar bo olajšalo zagotavljanje ustrezne kakovosti storitev za vse priklopljene odjemalce. Namen tega poročila v okviru obravnavanja naprav ni nadomestitev standardov opreme za oddajne meje. Poročilo obravnava dodelitev zmogljivosti sistema za namene blaženja motenj. Ne obravnava tega, kako zmanjšati motnje ali kako povečati zmogljivost sistema. Ker napotki v tem poročilu temeljijo na nekaterih predpostavkah poenostavljenosti, ni zajamčeno, da bo ta pristop zagotavljal optimalno rešitev pri vseh primerih harmonikov. Priporočeni pristop mora pri inženiringu vključevati določeno mero prilagajanja in presojanja, ko se uporabljajo podani postopki ocenjevanja v celoti ali delno. Upravljavec ali lastnik sistema je odgovoren za določitev zahtev za priklop motečih naprav v sistem. Moteča naprava se obravnava kot celotna naprava odjemalca (tj. vključno z motečimi in nemotečimi deli). Težave v zvezi s harmoniki spadajo v dve osnovni kategoriji:
/ – Harmonski tokovi, ki jih v napajalni sistem dovajajo pretvorniki in viri harmonikov, zaradi česar v sistemu nastanejo harmonske napetosti. Tako harmonski tokovi kot nastale napetosti se lahko obravnavajo kot prevajani pojavi.
– Harmonski tokovi, ki inducirajo motnje v komunikacijskih sistemih. Ta pojav je izrazitejši pri harmonskih frekvencah višjega reda zaradi močnejše povezave tokokrogov in večje občutljivosti komunikacijskih tokokrogov v slišnem obsegu.
To poročilo podaja napotke za uskladitev harmonskih napetosti med različnimi napetostnimi ravnmi za doseganje ravni združljivosti na točki uporabe. Priporočila v tem poročilu ne obravnavajo pojavov harmonskih motenj v komunikacijskih tokokrogih (tj. obravnava le prvo od zgornjih kategorij). Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča prvo izdajo, objavljeno leta 1996, in predstavlja tehnično popravljeno izdajo. Ta izdaja je precej bolj poenostavljena od prve izdaje in vključuje informacije, pridobljene pri uporabi prve izdaje. Kot del postopka poenostavitve ta druga izdaja standarda IEC/TR 61000-3-6 ne obravnava motenj komunikacijskih tokokrogov. Točka 9 v tej izdaji (razdelek 10) je bila odstranjena, ker ni ustrezno obravnavala oddajnih mej za motnje telefonskih omrežij. Področje uporabe je bilo prilagojeno za prikaz tega, da IEC/TR 61000-3-6 ne obravnava motenj komunikacijskih tokokrogov. Poleg tega je bila ta izdaja usklajena s standardoma IEC/TR 61000-3-7 in IEC/TR 61000-3-13. To tehnično poročilo ima status osnovne objave o elektromagnetni združljivosti v skladu z vodilom 107 Mednarodne elektrotehniške komisije.

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• Technical Committee: SC 77A - EMC - Low frequency phenomena
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 22-Feb-2008
• Ref Project: SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2016 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-6: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

Overview

IEC/TR 61000-3-6 is a technical report published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) focusing on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). This report specifically deals with the assessment of emission limits for connecting distorting installations to Medium Voltage (MV), High Voltage (HV), and Extra High Voltage (EHV) power systems. Distorting installations are defined as loads or generators that produce harmonic and/or interharmonic emissions which can affect power quality.

The document provides guidance for system operators and owners on engineering principles to ensure adequate service quality for all connected customers. Unlike equipment standards that specify emission limits, IEC/TR 61000-3-6 focuses on the allocation of system capacity to absorb disturbances and offers assessment procedures for emission levels.

Key Topics

• Distorting Installations: These include customer installations (both distorting and non-distorting elements) that generate harmonic currents and voltages. This report covers MV, HV, and EHV systems but excludes Low Voltage (LV) installations.

• Harmonic Emission Assessment: It provides methodologies for evaluating the harmonic emission levels relative to the actual power system characteristics, taking into account system impedance and capacity.

• Emission Limits Evaluation Stages:

  • Stage 1: Simplified evaluation of disturbance emission.
  • Stage 2: Emission limits related to system characteristics.
  • Stage 3: Conditional acceptance of higher emission levels.

• Compatibility Levels and Planning Levels: Guidance on setting compatibility levels for harmonic voltages and planning levels for system capacity allocation to minimize disturbance propagation.

• General Summation Law: Procedures for aggregating harmonic emissions from multiple sources to evaluate overall system impact.

• Exclusions: The current edition does not address communication circuit interference caused by harmonics, focusing solely on conducted emission phenomena affecting power systems.

• Harmonization: This edition is aligned with related technical reports IEC/TR 61000-3-7 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13 for a consistent approach to EMC in power systems.

Applications

IEC/TR 61000-3-6 is predominantly used by electric power system operators, designers, and planners to:

• Establish harmonic emission requirements for industrial, commercial, and generation systems connected to MV, HV, and EHV networks.
• Design connection agreements and specifications to ensure power quality and limit harmonic distortion.
• Evaluate current or proposed installations for compliance with harmonic emission limits.
• Develop strategies for harmonic disturbance assessment without prescribing mitigation methods, focusing on system capacity allocation.
• Support harmonic coordination across different voltage levels, facilitating reliable and quality power delivery.
• Provide a technical basis for utility policies concerning the connection of nonlinear loads or generators that produce harmonic distortions.

Related Standards

IEC/TR 61000-3-6 is part of the broader IEC 61000 series on Electromagnetic Compatibility, particularly:

• IEC 61000-2-2 & IEC 61000-2-12: Define compatibility levels for individual harmonic voltages in low and medium voltage networks.
• IEC/TR 61000-3-7: Addresses harmonics emission limits for equipment connected to public supply systems at HV and EHV.
• IEC/TR 61000-3-13: Provides guidelines for emission limits and immunity levels in systems connected at HV and EHV.
• Other IEC 61000 Parts: Cover general EMC principles, testing methods, immunity limits, and installation guidelines relevant to harmonic emissions.

Summary

IEC/TR 61000-3-6 serves as a fundamental resource for managing harmonic emissions from distorting installations interfaced with MV, HV, and EHV power systems. It offers a pragmatic approach for system operators to allocate disturbance absorption capacity and assess emission levels effectively. By following the guidance in this report, utilities and system owners can maintain power quality standards, safeguard equipment, and ensure fair access for all connected customers while accommodating the increasing use of nonlinear loads and complex generation sources.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-6:2004
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVW(0&GHO0HMQHYUHGQRVWL2FHQDRGGDMQLK
PHM]DSULNORSPRWHþLKQDSUDYY6191LQ(91HOHNWURHQHUJHWVNDRPUHåMD
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-6: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for
the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC/TR 61000-3-6
ICS:
33.100.10 Emisija Emission
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Edition 2.0 2008-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-6: Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 2-8318-9605-3

– 2 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.7

1 Scope.8
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Basic EMC concepts related to harmonic distortion .13
4.1 Compatibility levels .13
4.2 Planning levels.14
4.3 Illustration of EMC concepts.16
4.4 Emission levels .17
5 General principles .18
5.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .18
5.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.19
5.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.19
5.4 Responsibilities .19
6 General guidelines for the assessment of emission levels .20
6.1 Point of evaluation.20
6.2 Definition of harmonic emission level.20
6.3 Assessment of harmonic emission levels.21
6.4 System harmonic impedance.22
7 General summation law .24
8 Emission limits for distorting installations connected to MV systems.25
8.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .25
8.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.27
8.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.31
8.4 Summary diagram of the evaluation procedure .32
9 Emission limits for distorting installations connected to HV-EHV systems .33
9.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .33
9.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.33
9.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.36
10 Interharmonics .36

Annex A (informative) Envelope of the maximum expected impedance .38
Annex B (informative) Guidance for allocating planning levels and emission levels at
MV .39
Annex C (informative) Example of calculation of global MV+LV contribution .45
Annex D (informative) Method for sharing planning levels and allocating emission
limits in meshed HV – EHV systems .46
Annex E (informative) List of symbols and subscripts.54

Bibliography.57

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 3 –
Figure 1 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time/ location statistics
covering the whole system .17
Figure 2 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time statistics relevant to
one site within the whole system .17
Figure 3 – Illustration of the emission vector U and its contribution to the measured
hi
harmonic vector at the point of evaluation .20
Figure 4 – Example of a system for sharing global contributions at MV .28
Figure 5 – Diagram of evaluation procedure at MV.32
Figure 6 – Determination of S for a simple HV or EHV system.33
t
Figure 7 – Allocation of planning level to a substation in HV-EHV system .34
Figure A.1 – Example of maximum impedance curve for a 11 kV system .38
Figure B.1 – Example of an MV distribution system showing the MV transformer and
feeders 1-6.42
Figure D.1 – HV-EHV system considered for the connection of a new distorting
installation at node 1 substation .48
Figure D.2 – Harmonic Impedance at node 1 .49
Figure D.3 – Harmonic Impedance at node 5 ‘Uranus 150 kV’, when the capacitor
banks at Jupiter 150 kV are switched off .50

Table 1 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic voltages in low and medium
voltage networks (percent of fundamental component) reproduced from
IEC 61000-2-2 [5] and IEC 61000-2-12 [6].14
Table 2 – Indicative planning levels for harmonic voltages (in percent of the
fundamental voltage) in MV, HV and EHV power systems.15
Table 3 – Summation exponents for harmonics (indicative values).25
Table 4 – Weighting factors W for different types of harmonic producing equipments.27
j
Table 5 – Indicative values for some odd order harmonic current emission limits
relative to the size of a customer installation .28
Table B.1 – Feeder characteristics for the system under consideration .43
Table B.2 – Determination of F and Sxℓ values for the feeders.43
Table C.1 – Acceptable global contribution G of the MV and LV installations to
hMV+LV
the MV harmonic voltages if the transfer coefficient from the HV-EHV system is
considered to be unity .45
Table D.1 – Influence coefficients K between node j and node 1 .49
hj-1
Table D.2 – Reduction factors.51
Table D.3 – Global contributions G at node 1.52
hB1
– 4 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-6: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This Technical Report forms Part 3-6 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC
publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107 [29] .
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a
technical revision.
___________
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 5 –
This edition is significantly more streamlined than first edition, and it reflects the experiences
gained in the application of the first edition. As part of this streamlining process, this second
edition of IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does not address communications circuit interference. Clause 9
on this (section 10) was removed, as this did not suitably address emission limits for
telephone interference. The scope has been adjusted to point out that IEC/TR 61000-3-6 does
not address communications circuit interference. This edition has also been harmonised with
IEC/TR 61000-3-7 [30] and IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [31].
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
77A/575/DTR 77A/637/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61000 series, under the general title Electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

– 6 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits
(in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of product committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts published either as International Standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 7 –
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In 2002, the IEC subcommittee 77A made a request to CIGRE Study Committee C4 and
CIRED Study Committee S2, to organize an appropriate technical forum (joint working group)
whose main scope was to prepare, among other tasks, the revision of the technical report
IEC 61000-3-6 concerning emission limits for harmonics for the connection of distorting
installations to public supply systems at MV, HV and EHV.
To this effect, joint working group CIGRE C4.103/ CIRED entitled ‘’Emission Limits for
Disturbing Installations’’ was appointed in 2003. Some previous work produced by CIGRE
JWG C4.07-Cired has been used as an input to the revision, in particular the planning levels
and associated indices. In addition, using experience since the technical report IEC 61000-3-6
was initially published in 1996, WG C4.103 reviewed the procedure used to determine
emission limits and the assessment methods used to evaluate emission levels for
installations.
Subsequent endorsement of the document by IEC was the responsibility of SC 77A.

– 8 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-6: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

1 Scope
This Technical Report, which is informative in its nature, provides guidance on principles
which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of
distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered
in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a distorting installation means an
installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces harmonics and/or
interharmonics. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners
on engineering practices, which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all
connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace
equipment standards for emission limits.
The report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It
does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the
system can be increased.
Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying
assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum
solution for all harmonic situations. The recommended approach should be used with
flexibility and judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given
assessment procedures in full or in part.
The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of
distorting installations to the system. The distorting installation is to be understood as the
customer’s complete installation (i.e. including distorting and non-distorting parts).
Problems related to harmonics fall into two basic categories.
• Harmonic currents that are injected into the supply system by converters and harmonic
sources, giving rise to harmonic voltages in the system. Both harmonic currents and
resulting voltages can be considered as conducted phenomena.
• Harmonic currents that induce interference into communication systems. This
phenomenon is more pronounced at higher order harmonic frequencies because of
increased coupling between the circuits and because of the higher sensitivity of the
communication circuits in the audible range.
This report gives guidance for the co-ordination of the harmonic voltages between different
voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. The
recommendations in this report do not address harmonic interference phenomena in
communication circuits (i.e. only the first of the above categories is addressed). These
disturbances need to be addressed in terms of international directives concerning the
Protection of Telecommunication Lines against Harmful Effects from Electric Power and
Electrified Railway Lines, International Telecommunication Union, ITU-T Directives [1] or in
terms of locally applicable standards such as [2], [3] or [4].
___________
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 9 –
NOTE The boundaries between the various voltage levels may be different for different countries (see
IEV 601-01-28 [32]). This report uses the following terms for system voltages:
– low voltage (LV) refers to Un ≤ 1 kV;
– medium voltage (MV) refers to 1 kV < Un ≤ 35 kV;
– high voltage (HV) refers to 35 kV < Un ≤ 230 kV;
– extra high voltage (EHV) refers to 230 kV < Un.
In the context of this report, the function of the system is more important than its nominal voltage. For example, a
HV system used for distribution may be given a "planning level" which is situated between those of MV and HV
systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050(161), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply as well as the definitions in
IEC 60050(161).
3.1
agreed power
value of the apparent power of the disturbing installation on which the customer and the
system operator or owner agree. In the case of several points of connection, a different value
may be defined for each connection point
3.2
customer
person, company or organisation that operates an installation connected to, or entitled to be
connected to, a supply system by a system operator or owner
3.3
(electromagnetic) disturbance
any electromagnetic phenomenon which, by being present in the electromagnetic
environment, can cause electrical equipment to depart from its intended performance
3.4
disturbance level
the amount or magnitude of an electromagnetic disturbance measured and evaluated in a
specified way
3.5
distorting installation
an electrical installation as a whole (i.e. including distorting and non-distorting parts) which
can cause distortion of the voltage or current into the supply system to which it is connected
NOTE For the purpose of this report, all references to distorting installations not only include linear and non-linear
loads, but generating plants, and any source of non-sinusoidal current emissions such as regenerative braking
systems,
– 10 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
3.6
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
NOTE 1 Electromagnetic compatibility is a condition of the electromagnetic environment such that, for every
phenomenon, the disturbance emission level is sufficiently low and immunity levels are sufficiently high so that all
devices, equipment and systems operate as intended.
NOTE 2 Electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission and immunity levels are controlled such that
the immunity levels of the devices, equipment and systems at any location are not exceeded by the disturbance
level at that location resulting from the cumulative emissions of all sources and other factors such as circuit
impedances. Conventionally, compatibility is said to exist if the probability of the departure from intended
performance is sufficiently low. See Clause 4 of IEC 61000-2-1 [33].
NOTE 3 Where the context requires it, compatibility may be understood to refer to a single disturbance or class of
disturbances.
NOTE 4 Electromagnetic compatibility is a term used also to describe the field of study of the adverse
electromagnetic effects which devices, equipment and systems undergo from each other or from electromagnetic
phenomena.
3.7
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level in a specified
environment for co-ordination in the setting of emission and immunity limits
NOTE By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability (for example 5 %)
that it will be exceeded by the actual disturbance level.
3.8
emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source of electromagnetic
disturbance
[IEV 161-01-08 modified]
NOTE For the purpose of this report, emission refers to phenomena or conducted electromagnetic disturbances
that can distort the supply voltage waveform.
3.9
emission level
level of a given electromagnetic disturbance emitted from a particular device, equipment,
system or disturbing installation as a whole, assessed and measured in a specified manner
3.10
emission limit
maximum emission level specified for a particular device, equipment, system or disturbing
installation as a whole
3.11
generating plant
any equipment that produces electricity together with any directly connected or associated
equipment such as a unit transformer or converter
3.12
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
3.13
immunity level
the maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance on a particular device, equipment
or system for which it remains capable of operating with a declared degree of performance

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 11 –
3.14
non-linear load or equipment (see also distorting installation)
any load or equipment that draws a non-sinusoidal current when energised by a sinusoidal
voltage
3.15
normal operating conditions
operating conditions of the system or of the disturbing installation typically including all
generation variations, load variations and reactive compensation or filter states (e.g. shunt
capacitor states), planned outages and arrangements during maintenance and construction
work, non-ideal operating conditions and normal contingencies under which the considered
system or the disturbing installation have been designed to operate
NOTE Normal system operating conditions typically exclude: conditions arising as a result of a fault or a
combination of faults beyond that planned for under the system security standard, exceptional situations and
unavoidable circumstances (for example: force majeure, exceptional weather conditions and other natural
disasters, acts by public authorities, industrial actions), cases where system users significantly exceed their
emission limits or do not comply with the connection requirements, and temporary generation or supply
arrangements adopted to maintain supply to customers during maintenance or construction work, where otherwise
supply would be interrupted.
3.16
planning level
level of a particular disturbance in a particular environment, adopted as a reference value for
the limits to be set for the emissions from the installations in a particular system, in order to
co-ordinate those limits with all the limits adopted for equipment and installations intended to
be connected to the power supply system
NOTE Planning levels are considered internal quality objectives to be specified at a local level by those
responsible for planning and operating the power supply system in the relevant area.
3.17
point of common coupling (PCC)
point in the public supply system, which is electrically closest to the installation concerned, at
which other installations are, or could be, connected. The PCC is a point located upstream of
the considered installation
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.18
point of connection (POC)
point on a public power supply system where the installation under consideration is, or can be
connected
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.19
point of evaluation (POE)
point on a public power supply system where the emission levels of a given installation are to
be assessed against the emission limits. This point can be the point of common coupling
(PCC) or the point of connection (POC) or any other point specified by the system operator or
owner or agreed upon
NOTE A supply system is considered as being public in relation to its use, and not its ownership.
3.20
short circuit power
a theoretical value expressed in MVA of the initial symmetrical three-phase short-circuit power
at a point on the supply system. It is defined as the product of the initial symmetrical short-
circuit current, the nominal system voltage and the factor √3 with the aperiodic component
(DC) being neglected
– 12 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
3.21
spur
a feeder branch off a main feeder (typically applied on MV and LV feeders)
3.22
supply system
all the lines, switchgear and transformers operating at various voltages which make up the
transmission systems and distribution systems to which customers’ installations are
connected
3.23
system operator or owner
the entity responsible for making technical connection agreements with customers who are
seeking connection of load or generation to a distribution or transmission system
3.24
transfer coefficient (influence coefficient)
the relative level of disturbance that can be transferred between two busbars or two parts of a
power system for various operating conditions
3.25
voltage unbalance (imbalance)
in a polyphase system, a condition in which the magnitudes of the phase voltages or the
phase angles between consecutive phases are not all equal (fundamental component)
[IEV 161-08-09 modified]
NOTE In three phase systems, the degree of the inequality is usually expressed as the ratio of the negative and
zero sequence components to the positive sequence component. In this technical report, voltage unbalance is
considered in relation to three-phase systems and negative sequence only.
3.26
phenomena related definitions
the definitions below that relate to harmonics are based on the analysis of system voltages or
currents by the Discrete Fourier Transform method (DFT). This is the practical application of
the Fourier transform as defined in IEV 101-13-09 [28]
NOTE 1 The Fourier Transform of a function of time, whether periodic or non-periodic, is a function in the
frequency domain and is referred to as the frequency spectrum of the time function, or simply spectrum. If the time
function is periodic the spectrum is constituted of discrete lines (or components). If the time function is not
periodic, the spectrum is a continuous function, indicating components at all frequencies.
NOTE 2 For simplicity the definitions given in this report refer only to (inter)harmonic components, however, these
should not be interpreted as a restriction on the use of other definitions given in other IEC documents, for example,
IEC 61000-4-7 [11] where the reference to (inter)harmonic groups or subgroups are more appropriate for
measuring rapidly varying signals.
3.26.1
fundamental frequency
frequency in the spectrum obtained from a Fourier transform of a time function, to which all
the frequencies of the spectrum are referred. For the purpose of this technical report, the
fundamental frequency is the same as the power supply frequency
NOTE In the case of a periodic function, the fundamental frequency is generally equal to the frequency
corresponding to the period of the function itself.
3.26.2
fundamental component
component whose frequency is the fundamental frequency

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 13 –
3.26.3
harmonic frequency
frequency which is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. The ratio of the harmonic
frequency to the fundamental frequency is the harmonic order (recommended notation: “h”)
3.26.4
harmonic component
any of the components having a harmonic frequency. For brevity, such a component may be
referred to simply as a harmonic
3.26.5
interharmonic frequency
any frequency which is not an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
NOTE 1 By extension from harmonic order, the interharmonic order is the ratio of an interharmonic frequency to
the fundamental frequency. This ratio is not an integer. (Recommended notation “m”).
NOTE 2 In the case where m < 1 the term subharmonic frequency may be used.
3.26.6
interharmonic component
component having an interharmonic frequency. For brevity, such a component may be
referred to simply as an “interharmonic”
3.26.7
total harmonic distortion – THD
ratio of the r.m.s. value of the sum of all the harmonic components up to a specified order (H)
to the r.m.s. value of the fundamental component
H
⎛ ⎞
Q
h
⎜ ⎟
THD =
∑
⎜ ⎟
Q
⎝ 1⎠
h=2
where
Q represents either current or voltage,
Q is the r.m.s. value of the fundamental component,
h is the harmonic order,
Q is the r.m.s. value of the harmonic component of order h,
h
H is generally 40 or 50 depending on the application.
4 Basic EMC concepts related to harmonic distortion
The development of emission limits (voltage or current) for individual equipment or a
customer’s installation should be based on the effect that these emission limits will have on
the quality of the voltage. Some basic concepts are used to evaluate voltage quality. In order
for these concepts to be used for evaluation at specific locations, they are defined in terms of
where they apply (locations), how they are measured (measurement duration, sample times,
averaging durations, statistics), and how they are calculated. These concepts are described
hereafter and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Definitions may be found in IEC 60050(161).
4.1 Compatibility levels
These are reference values (see Table 1) for co-ordinating the emission and immunity of
equipment which is part of, or supplied by, a supply system in order to ensure the EMC in the
whole system (including system and connected equipment). Compatibility levels are generally
based on the 95 % probability levels of entire systems, using statistical distributions which
represent both time and space variations of disturbances. There is allowance for the fact that

– 14 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
the system operator or owner cannot control all points of a system at all times. Therefore,
evaluation with respect to compatibility levels should be made on a system-wide basis and no
assessment method is provided for evaluation at a specific location.
The compatibility levels for harmonic voltages in LV and MV systems are reproduced below
from references IEC 61000-2-2 [5] and IEC 61000-2-12 [6]. These compatibility levels shall be
understood to relate to quasi-stationary or steady-state harmonics, and are given as reference
values for both long-term effects and very-short-term effects.
– The long-term effects relate mainly to thermal effects on cables, transformers, motors,
capacitors, etc. They arise from harmonic levels that are sustained for 10 min or more.
– Very short-term effects relate mainly to disturbing effects on electronic devices that may
be susceptible to harmonic levels sustained for 3 s or less. Transients are not included.
With reference to long-term effects, the compatibility levels for individual harmonic
components of the voltage are given in Table 1. The compatibility level for the total harmonic
distortion is THD = 8 %.
Table 1 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic voltages in low and medium
voltage networks (percent of fundamental component) reproduced from
IEC 61000-2-2 [5] and IEC 61000-2-12 [6]
Odd harmonics Odd harmonics
Even harmonics
non-multiple of 3 multiple of 3
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic
order voltage order voltage order voltage
h % h % h %
5 6 3 5 2 2
7 5 9 1,5 4 1
11 3,5 15 0,4 6 0,5
13 3 21 0,3 8 0,5
17 10
2,27 ⋅ − 0,27 0,2 0,25 ⋅ + 0,25
17≤ h ≤ 49 21< h ≤ 45 10 ≤ h ≤ 50
h h
NOTE The compatibility level for the total harmonic distortion is THD = 8 %.

With reference to the very-short term effects (3 s or less), the compatibility levels for
individual harmonic components of the voltage are the values given in Table 1 multiplied by a
factor k , where k is calculated as follows:
hvs
hvs
0,7
k = 1,3 + ⋅ (h − 5 )
(1)
hvs
The compatibility level for the total harmonic distortion for very short-term effects is THD =
11 %.
Compatibility levels are not defined in IEC for HV and EHV systems.
4.2 Planning levels
4.2.1 Indicative values of planning levels
These are harmonic voltage levels that can be used for the purpose of determining emission
limits, taking into consideration all distorting installations. Planning levels are specified by the
system operator or owner for all system voltage levels and can be considered as internal
quality objectives of the system operator or owner and may be made available to individual

TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E) – 15 –
customers on request. Planning levels for harmonics are equal to or lower than compatibility
levels and they should allow co-ordination of harmonic voltages between different voltage
levels. Only indicative values may be given because planning levels will differ from case to
case, depending on system structure and circumstances. Indicative values of planning levels
for harmonic voltages are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Indicative planning levels for harmonic voltages (in percent of the
fundamental voltage) in MV, HV and EHV power systems
Odd harmonics Odd harmonics
Even harmonics
non-multiple of 3 multiple of 3
Harmonic
Harmonic voltage Harmonic voltage
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic
voltage
% %
order order order
%
h h h
MV HV-EHV MV HV-EHV MV HV-EHV
5 5 2 3 4 2 2 1,8 1,4
7 4 2 9 1,2 1 4 1 0,8
11 3 1,5 15 0,3 0,3 6 0,5 0,4
13 2,5 1,5 21 0,2 0,2 8 0,5 0,4
17 17 10 10
1,9 ⋅ − 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,25 ⋅ + 0,22 0,19 ⋅ + 0,16
17≤ h ≤ 49 1,2 ⋅ 21< h ≤ 45 10 ≤ h ≤ 50
h
h h h
The indicative planning levels for the total harmonic distortion are
THD = 6,5% and THD = 3 %
MV HV-EHV
NOTE 1 For some higher order harmonics, care should be exercised when specifying very low values such as
0,2 % because of practical limitations of measurement accuracy mainly at HV-EHV. Furthermore, depending on
system characteristics a margin should exist between MV, HV and EHV planning levels in order to allow
coordinating emission of disturbances between different voltage levels (measurement results can be used as a
basis to determine appropriate margin).
NOTE 2 The planning levels in Table 2 are not intended to control harmonics arising from exceptional events such
as geomagnetic storms, etc.
NOTE 3 In some countries, planning levels are defined in national standards or guidelines.
NOTE 4 Voltage characteristics that are quasi-guaranteed levels exist in some countries for MV and HV systems.
They are generally selected to be higher than the planning levels [7].
With reference to very short term effects of harmonics (3 s or less), planning levels for
individual harmonics should be multiplied by a factor k as given by Equation (1).
hvs
Where national circumstances make it appropriate depending on system characteristics,
intermediate values of planning levels may be needed between the MV, HV and EHV values
due to the possibly wide range of voltage levels included in HV-EHV (>35 kV). Additionally, an
apportioning of planning levels between HV and EHV may also be necessary to take account
of the impact on HV systems of disturbing installations connected at EHV. In this case,
planning levels at EHV should be set at lower values than those given in the above table.
More guidance for adapting MV planning levels to specific system characteristics can be
found in Annex B. An example of the method for sharing planning levels between different
parts of an HV-EHV system is also given in Annex D.
The remainder of this report outlines procedures for using these planning levels to establish
the emission limits for individual customer distorting installations.

– 16 – TR 61000-3-6 © IEC:2008(E)
4.2.2 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels
The measurement method to be used for harmonic and inter-harmonic measurements is the
class A method specified in IEC 61000-4-30 [12] and related IEC 61000-4-7 [11] The data
flagged in accordance with IEC 61000-4-30 should be removed from the assessment. For
clarity, where data is flagged the percentile used in calculating the indices defined below is
calculated using only the valid (unflagged) data.
The minimum measurement period is one week of normal business activity. The monitoring
period should include some part of the period of expected maximum harmonic levels.
One or more of the following indices may be used to compare the actual harmonic levels with
the planning levels. More than one index may be needed for planning levels in order to
assess the impact of higher emission levels allowed for shorter periods of time such as during
bursts or start-up conditions.
– The 95 % weekly value of U (r.m.s. value of individual harmonics over "short" 10 min
hsh
periods) should not exceed the planning level.
– The greatest 99 % probability daily value of U (r.m.s. value of individual harmonic
hvs
components over "very short" 3 s periods) should not exceed the planning level times the
multiplying factor k given in Equation (1) with reference to the compatibility levels given
hvs
for very short time effects of harmonics.
NOTE 1 Harmonics are generally measured up to the 40th or 50th, depending on the application. In most cases,
this is adequate for evaluating the distorting effects of power disturbances. However, higher order harmonics up to
the 100th order can be an important concern in some cases. Examples include:
− large converters with voltage notching;
− large installations with converters of high pulse numbers (e.g. aluminium plants);
− power electronic equipment with PWM converters interfacing with the power system.
Such cases can result in induced noise interference in neighbouring sensitive appliances (e.g. sensors,
communication systems, etc.). It is generally found that higher order harmonics vary more with location and with
time than lower order harmonics. In many cases, high order harmonics are produced by a single disturbing
installation, often in combination with power system resonance. There may be a need for more extensive
evaluations when higher order harmonics are a concern.
NOTE 2 For harmonic measurement, the accuracy of the whole measurement chain needs to be considered.
Apart from the monitor itself, transducers should be suitable for harmonic measurements (avoid clipping and
distortion for the magnitude and frequency range to be measured). The existing current and voltage transformers
for metering and protection purposes on MV and HV-EHV systems are not always suitable for harmonic
measurements (especially when frequency is above 1 kHz).
4.3 Illustration of EMC concepts
The basic concepts of planning a
...

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6
SLOVENSKO
TEHNIČNO  maj 2016
POROČILO
Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-6. del: Mejne vrednosti –
Ocena mejnih vrednosti oddajanja za priklop motečih naprav v SN-, VN- in
EVN-elektroenergetska omrežja
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-6: Limits – Assessment of emission
limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power
systems
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 33.100.10 SIST-TR IEC/TR3 61000-3-6:2016 (sl)

Nadaljevanje na straneh od 2 do 58

© 2021-05. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016
NACIONALNI UVOD
Tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 (sl), Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-6. del:
Mejne vrednosti – Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop motečih naprav v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetska
omrežja, 2016, ima status slovenskega tehničnega poročila in je istovetno mednarodnemu tehničnemu
poročilu IEC/TR 61000-3-6 (en), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-6: Limits – Assessment
of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems, 2008.

To tehnično poročilo nadomešča SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-6:2004.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Mednarodno tehnično poročilo IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2008 je pripravil tehnični odbor IEC/TC 77A
Nizkofrekvenčni pojavi. Slovensko tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2016 je prevod
mednarodnega tehničnega poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2008. V primeru spora glede besedila
slovenskega prevoda v tem dokumentu je odločilna izvirno mednarodno tehnično poročilo v angleškem
jeziku. Slovensko izdajo tehničnega poročila je potrdil tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC Elektromagnetna
združljivost.
Odločitev za privzem tega tehničnega poročila je v aprilu 2016 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC
Elektromagnetna združljivost.
ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI

S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
IEC 60050(161) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) - Poglavje – 161. del:
Elektromagnetna združljivost
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO TEHNIČNEGA POROČILA

– privzem tehničnega poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-6 ed. 2.0

PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-6:2004

OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "mednarodno tehnična poročilo", v SIST-TP
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del tehničnega poročila.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 5
Uvod . 7
Zahvala . 8
1 Področje uporabe . 9
2 Zveze s standardi . 10
3 Izrazi in definicije . 10
4 Temeljni koncepti EMC v zvezi s harmonskim popačenjem . 14
4.1 Ravni združljivosti . 14
4.2 Ravni načrtovanja . 15
4.3 Ponazoritev konceptov EMC . 17
4.4 Ravni oddajanja . 18
5 Splošna načela . 19
5.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljena ocena oddajanja motnje . 19
5.2 Stopnja 2: mejne vrednosti oddajanja glede na dejanske karakteristike sistema . 20
5.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih ravni oddajanja pod posebnimi pogoji . 20
5.4 Odgovornosti . 20
6 Splošne smernice za ocenjevanje ravni oddajanja . 21
6.1 Mesto vrednotenja . 21
6.2 Opredelitev ravni oddajanja harmonikov . 21
6.3 Ocena ravni oddajanja harmonikov . 22
6.4 Harmonska impedanca sistema . 23
7 Splošni sumirni zakon . 25
8 Mejne vrednosti oddajanja za moteče postroje, priključene v SN-sisteme . 26
8.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motnje. 26
8.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne mejne vrednosti relativne glede na dejanske karakteristike sistema . 28
8.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih ravni oddajanja pod posebnimi pogoji . 32
8.4 Diagram povzetka postopka ocenjevanja . 33
9 Mejne vrednosti oddajanja za moteče postroje, priključene v VN-EVN sisteme . 34
9.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljena ocena oddajanja motnje . 34
9.2 Stopnja 2: mejne vrednosti oddajanja glede na dejanske karakteristike sistema . 34
9.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih ravni oddajanja pod posebnimi pogoji . 37
10 Medharmoniki . 37
Dodatek A (informativni): Ovojnica največje pričakovane impedance . 39
Dodatek B (informativni): Vodilo za dodelitev ravni načrtovanja in ravni oddajanja na srednji
napetosti . 40
Dodatek C (informativni): Primer izračuna globalnega prispevka SN+NN . 45
Dodatek D (informativni): Metode za delitev ravni načrtovanja in dodelitev ravni oddajanja
v zazankanih VN-EVN-sistemih . 46
Dodatek E (informativni): Seznam simbolov in indeksov . 54
Literatura. 57

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Slika 1: Ponazoritev temeljnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko čas/lokacija,
ki predstavlja ves sistem . 18
Slika 2: Ponazoritev temeljnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko časa,
ki se nanaša na eno mesto znotraj celotnega sistema . 18
Slika 3: Ponazoritev vektorja oddajanja U in njegovega prispevka
hi
k merjenemu harmonskemu vektorju na mestu vrednotenja . 21
Slika 4: Primer sistema za delitev globalnih prispevkov na srednji napetosti . 29
Slika 5: Shema postopka ocenjevanja na srednji napetosti . 33
Slika 6: Določitev S za preprost VN- ali EVN-sistem . 34
t
Slika 7: Dodelitev ravni načrtovanja postaje v VN-EVN-sistemu . 35
Slika A.1: Primer največje impedančne krivulje za sistem 11 kV . 39
Slika B.1: Primer SN-distribucijskega sistema s prikazom SN-transformatorja in izvodov 1–6 . 42
Slika D.1: Obravnavani VN-EVN-sistem za priključitev novega motečega postroja
v postaji vozlišča 1 . 48
Slika D.2: Harmonska impedanca v vozlišču 1 . 49
Slika D.3: Harmonska impedanca v vozlišču 5 "Uranus 150 kV", pri čemer so kondenzatorji
v Jupitru 150 kV izključeni . 50

Preglednica 1: Ravni združljivosti za posamezne harmonske napetosti v nizko- in
srednjenapetostnih omrežjih (odstotek temeljne komponente), povzeto po IEC 61000-2-2 [5]
in IEC 61000-2-12 [6] . 15
Preglednica 2: Indikativne ravni načrtovanja za harmonske napetosti
(v odstotkih temeljne komponente) v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetskih sistemih . 16
Preglednica 3: Eksponenti sumirnega zakona za harmonike (indikativne vrednosti) . 26
Preglednica 4: Utežnostni faktorji W za različne vrste opreme, ki povzroča harmonike . 28
j
Preglednica 5: Indikativne vrednosti mejnih vrednosti oddajanja za nekatere lihe rede
harmonskega toka glede na velikost uporabnikovega postroja . 29
Preglednica B.1: Lastnosti izvoda obravnavanega sistema . 43
Preglednica B.2: Določitev vrednosti F in Sxℓ za izvode . 44
Preglednica C.1: Sprejemljivi globalni prispevki G SN- in NN-postrojev k
hMV+LV
SN-harmonski napetosti, če je koeficient prenosa iz VN-EVN-sistema enak ena . 45
Preglednica D.1: Vplivni koeficienti K med vozliščema j in 1 . 49
hj-1
Preglednica D.2: Redukcijski faktorji . 51
Preglednica D.3: Globalni prispevki G v vozlišču 1 . 52
hB1
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

MEDNARODNA ELEKTROTEHNIŠKA KOMISIJA

ELEKTROMAGNETNA ZDRUŽLJIVOST (EMC)

3-6. del: Mejne vrednosti – Ocena mejnih vrednosti oddajanja za priklop
motečih naprav v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetska omrežja

Predgovor
1. Mednarodna elektrotehniška komisija (IEC) je svetovna organizacija za standardizacijo, ki združuje vse nacionalne
elektrotehnične komiteje (nacionalni komiteji IEC). Cilj IEC je pospeševati mednarodno sodelovanje v vseh vprašanjih
standardizacije s področja elektrotehnike in elektronike. V ta namen poleg drugih aktivnosti izdaja mednarodne standarde,
tehnične specifikacije, tehnična poročila, javno dostopne specifikacije (PAS) in vodila (v nadaljevanju: publikacije IEC). Za
njihovo pripravo so odgovorni tehnični odbori; vsak nacionalni komite IEC, ki ga zanima obravnavana tema, lahko sodeluje
v tem pripravljalnem delu. Prav tako lahko v pripravi sodelujejo mednarodne organizacije ter vladne in nevladne ustanove,
ki so povezane z IEC. IEC deluje v tesni povezavi z mednarodno organizacijo za standardizacijo ISO skladno s pogoji,
določenimi v soglasju med obema organizacijama.
2. Uradne odločitve ali sporazumi IEC o tehničnih vprašanjih, pripravljeni v tehničnih odborih, kjer so prisotni vsi nacionalni
komiteji, ki jih tema zanima, izražajo, kolikor je mogoče, mednarodno soglasje o obravnavani temi.
3. Publikacije IEC imajo obliko priporočil za mednarodno uporabo ter jih kot takšne sprejmejo nacionalni komiteji IEC. Čeprav
IEC skuša zagotavljati natančnost tehničnih vsebin v publikacijah IEC. IEC ni odgovoren za način uporabe ali za možne
napačne interpretacije končnih uporabnikov.
4. Da bi se pospeševalo mednarodno poenotenje, so nacionalni komiteji IEC v svojih nacionalnih in regionalnih standardih
dolžni čim pregledneje uporabljati mednarodne standarde. Vsako odstopanje med standardom IEC in ustreznim
nacionalnim ali regionalnim standardom je treba v slednjem jasno označiti.
5. IEC sam ne izvaja potrjevanja skladnosti. Storitve ugotavljanja skladnosti in na nekaterih območjih tudi dostop do znakov
skladnosti IEC izvajajo neodvisni certifikacijski organi. IEC ni določil nobenega postopka v zvezi z označevanjem kot znakom
strinjanja in ne prevzema nikakršne odgovornosti za storitve, ki jih izvajajo neodvisni certifikacijski organi. opremo, ki je
deklarirana, da ustreza kateremu od publikacij IEC.
6. Vsi uporabniki naj bi si zagotovili zadnjo izdajo teh publikacij.
7. IEC ali njegovi direktorji, zaposleni, uslužbenci ali agenti, vključno s samostojnimi strokovnjaki ter člani tehničnih odborov
in nacionalnih komitejev IEC, ne prevzemajo nobene odgovornosti za kakršnokoli osebno poškodbo, škodo na premoženju
ali katerokoli drugo škodo kakršnekoli vrste, bodisi posredne ali neposredne, ali za stroške (vključno z zakonitim lastništvom)
in izdatke, povezane s publikacijo, njeno uporabo ali zanašanjem na to publikacijo IEC ali katerokoli drugo publikacijo IEC.
8. Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti normativnim virom, na katere se sklicuje ta publikacija. Uporaba navedenih publikacij
je nujna za pravilno uporabo te publikacije.
9. Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da bi lahko bil kateri od elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet patentnih pravic.
IEC ne odgovarja za identifikacijo nobene od teh patentnih pravic.

Glavna naloga tehničnih odborov IEC je pripravljati mednarodne standarde. Vendar lahko tehnični odbor
predlaga publikacijo kot tehnično poročilo, dokler zbira različne vrste informacij, po navadi potrebne za
izdajo mednarodnega standarda, na primer "stanje tehnike".

tehničnem odboru IEC/TC 77 Elektromagnetna združljivost.

Ta standard je 3-6. del standarda IEC 61000. Ima status osnovne publikacije EMC v skladu z IEC
1)
Vodilom 107 [29].
Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča prvo izdajo, objavljeno v letu 1996 in predstavlja tehnično
revizijo.
1)
Številke v oglatih oklepajih se nanašajo na Literaturo.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Ta nova izdaja je bistveno bolj poenostavljena kot prva izdaja in odraža izkušnje, pridobljene pri uporabi
prve izdaje. Kot del procesa poenostavitve ta druga izdaja IEC/TR 61000-3-6 ne vključuje motenja
komunikacijskih vodov. Točka 9 o tem (oddelek 10) je odstranjena, saj ni primerno obravnavala mejnih
vrednosti oddajanja telefonskih motenj. Področje uporabe je prilagojeno tako, da IEC/TR 61000-3-6 ne
vključuje motenja komunikacijskih vodov. Ta izdaja je tudi harmonizirana z IEC/TR 61000-3-7 [30] in
IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [31].
Besedilo tega tehničnega poročila temelji na naslednjih dokumentih:

Osnutek tehničnega poročila Poročilo o glasovanju
77A/575/DTR 77A/637/RVC
Popolna informacija o glasovanju za potrditev tega standarda je v poročilu o glasovanju, ki je navedeno
v gornji preglednici.
Seznam vseh delov skupine standardov IEC 61000 s splošnim naslovom Elektromagnetna združljivost
(EMC), je na voljo na spletni strani IEC.

Ta publikacija je bila pripravljena v skladu z 2. delom Direktiv SO/IEC.

Komisija se je odločila, da ostane vsebina te publikacije nespremenjena do datuma vzdrževanja, ki je
podan na IEC spletni strani "http://webstore.iec.ch" v podatkih, ki se nanašajo omenjeno publikacijo. Ob
tem datumu bo publikacija
– ponovno potrjena,
– preklicana,
– zamenjana z revidirano izdajo ali

– dopolnjena.
Dvojezična verzija te publikacije bo lahko izdana pozneje.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Uvod
IEC 61000 je objavljen v ločenih delih ustrezno z naslednjo strukturo:

1. del: Splošno
Splošni vidiki (uvod, temeljna načela)

Definicije, terminologija
2. del: Okolje
Opis okolja
Razvrstitev okolja
Ravni združljivosti
3. del: Mejne vrednosti
Mejne vrednosti oddajanja
Mejne vrednosti odpornosti
(dokler niso uvrščene v delovno področje odborov za proizvode)

4. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike

Merilne tehnike
Preskusne tehnike
5. del: Navodila za namestitev in ublažitev

Navodila za namestitev
Postopki in naprave za blaženje

6. del: Splošni standardi
9. del: Razno
Vsak del je v nadaljevanju razdeljen v več delov, ki so objavljeni kot mednarodni standardi, tehnične
specifikacije ali tehnična poročila, od katerih so bili nekateri objavljeni tudi kot razdelki. Drugi bodo
objavljeni s številko dela, ki ji sledita črtica in drugo število, ki označuje poddelitev (primer: IEC 61000-
6-1).
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Zahvala
Leta 2002 je pododbor IEC/SC 77A poslal prošnjo študijskemu odboru CIGRE C4 in študijskemu odboru
CIRED S2 za organizacijo primernega tehničnega foruma (skupna delovna skupina), katerega naloga
je bila pripraviti med drugim tudi revizijo tehničnega poročila IEC 61000-3-6 o mejnih vrednostih
oddajanja za priključitev kolebajočih postrojev v javne SN-, VN- in EVN-napajalne sisteme.

Na podlagi tega je bila leta 2003 ustanovljena skupna delovna skupina CIGRE C4.103/CIRED,
imenovana "Emission Limits for Disturbing Installations". Nekaj rezultatov dela skupine CIGRE JWG
C4.07-CIRED je bilo uporabljenih kot podlaga za to revizijo, še posebej ravni načrtovanja in pripadajoči
kazalniki. Z uporabo izkušenj prve izdaje tehničnega poročila IEC 61000-3-6 iz leta 1996 je delovna
skupina WG C4.103 pregledala uporabljene postopke za določitev ravni oddajanja in oceno metod, ki
se uporabljajo za ovrednotenje ravni oddajanja za postroje.

Poznejša uveljavitev dokumenta na IEC je bila dolžnost SC 77A.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-6. del: Mejne vrednosti – Ocena mejnih
vrednosti oddajanja za priklop motečih naprav v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektro-
energetska omrežja
1 Področje uporabe
To tehnično poročilo, ki je informativne narave, podaja napotke o načelih, ki se lahko uporabljajo kot
podlaga za določanje zahtev za priključitev motečih postrojev v javna SN-, VN- in EVN-
elektroenergetska omrežja (nizkonapetostni postroji so zajeti v drugih dokumentih IEC). V tem poročilu
moteč postroj pomeni tak postroj (porabniški ali proizvodni), ki povzroča harmonike in/ali medharmonike.
Primarni cilj je sistemskim operaterjem oziroma lastnikom zagotoviti napotke o inženirski praksi, ki bo
omogočila določiti ustrezno kakovost napajanja za vse priključene uporabnike. Pri obravnavanju
postrojev ta dokument nima namena zamenjati standardov za opremo o mejnih vrednostih oddajanja.

To poročilo obravnava dodeljevanje zmogljivosti sistema, da absorbira motnje. Ne obravnava načina
zmanjševanja motenj niti ne obravnava načina za povečanje zmogljivosti sistema.

Ker smernice, opisane v tem poročilu, nujno temeljijo na nekaterih predpostavkah poenostavitev, ni
nobenega jamstva, da bo ta pristop vedno zagotavljal optimalno rešitev za vse situacije glede
harmonikov. Priporočeni pristop je treba v smislu inženirstva uporabljati prilagodljivo in z inženirsko
presojo, kadar se navedeni postopki uporabljajo v celoti ali samo delno.

Sistemski operater ali lastnik je odgovoren za določitev zahtev za priključitev motečih postrojev v sistem.
Moteč postroj je treba razumeti kot celoten uporabnikov postroj (moteči in nemoteči deli).

Težave, povezane s harmoniki, se delijo v dve temeljni kategoriji:

– harmonski toki, ki jih v napajalni sistem vnašajo pretvorniki in harmonski viri, ki dvigajo harmonske
napetosti v sistemu. Tako harmonski toki kot posledično harmonske napetosti so lahko obravnavani
kot prevajani pojavi;
– harmonski toki, ki povzročijo motnje v komunikacijskih sistemih. Ta pojav je izrazitejši pri
harmonskih frekvencah višjih redov zaradi večjega sklopa med omrežji in zaradi večje občutljivosti
komunikacijskih omrežij v zvočnem območju.

Poročilo daje napotke za usklajevanje harmonskih napetosti med različnimi napetostnimi nivoji, da bi
dosegli ravni združljivosti na mestu uporabe. Priporočila v tem poročilu ne obravnavajo harmonskih
motenj v komunikacijskih omrežjih (tj., obravnavana je samo prva od obeh kategorij). Te motnje morajo
biti obravnavane v okviru mednarodnih direktiv, ki se nanašajo na dokument Zaščita telekomunikacijskih
vodov proti škodljivim učinkom elektroenergetskih vodov in elektrificiranih železniških prog, Mednarodna
2)
telekomunikacijska zveza, Direktiva ITU-T [1] ali v okviru lokalno uporabnih standardov, kot so [2], [3]
ali [4].
OPOMBA: Meje med posameznimi napetostnimi nivoji so v različnih državah lahko različne (glej IEV 601-01-28 [32]. To
poročilo uporablja naslednje izraze za sistemske napetosti:

– nizka napetost (NV) se nanaša na U ≤ 1 kV,
n
– srednja napetost (SN) se nanaša na 1 kV < U ≤ 35 kV,
n
– visoka napetost (VN) se nanaša na 35 kV < U ≤ 230 kV,
n
– zelo visoka napetost (EVN) se nanaša na 230 kV < U .
n
V tem poročilu je funkcija sistema pomembnejša od njegove nazivne napetosti. Na primer, VN-sistem, ki se
uporablja za distribucijo, ima lahko "raven načrtovanja", ki se nahaja med tistimi za SN- in VN-sisteme.

2)
Številke v oglatih oklepajih se nanašajo na literaturo.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni spodaj navedeni referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih
sklicevanjih se uporablja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja
publikacije (vključno z dopolnili).
IEC 60050(161) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) – 161. del: Elektromagnetna
združljivost
3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo naslednji izrazi in definicije ter tudi definicije v IEC 60050(161).

3.1
dogovorjena moč
vrednost navidezne moči motečega postroja, o kateri se strinjata uporabnik in sistemski operater
oziroma lastnik omrežja. Pri več priključnih mestih se lahko za vsako tako priključno mesto določi
drugačna vrednost
3.2
uporabnik
oseba, podjetje ali organizacija, ki upravlja s postrojem, ki je oziroma ima pravico biti priključen v
napajalni sistem sistemskega operaterja oziroma lastnika

3.3
(elektromagnetna) motnja
vsak elektromagnetni pojav, katerega prisotnost v elektromagnetnem okolju lahko povzroči odklon
električne opreme od njenega predvidenega delovanja

3.4
raven motnje
količina ali velikost elektromagnetne motnje, merjena in ovrednotena na specifičen način

3.5
moteči postroj
električni postroj kot celota (tj. vključno z motečimi in nemotečimi deli), ki lahko povzroči napetostne ali
tokovne motnje v napajalnem sistemu, v katerega je priključen

OPOMBA: V tem poročilu vsa sklicevanja na moteče postroje vključujejo ne samo linearna in nelinearna bremena, ampak
tudi proizvodne postroje in vsak vir oddajanja nesinusnega toka, kot so regenerativni zavorni sistemi.

3.6
elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC)
zmožnost opreme ali sistema, da deluje zadovoljivo v svojem elektromagnetnem okolju brez vnašanja
nedopustnih elektromagnetnih motenj ničemer v tem okolju

OPOMBA 1: Elektromagnetna združljivost je takšno stanje v elektromagnetnem okolju, da je raven oddajane motnje vsakega
pojava dovolj nizka in so ravni odpornosti dovolj visoke, da vse naprave, oprema in sistemi delujejo, kot je
prevideno.
OPOMBA 2: Elektromagnetna združljivost je dosežena samo, če so ravni oddajanja in odpornosti nadzorovane tako, da ravni
odpornosti naprav, opreme in sistemov na nobeni lokaciji niso presežene z ravnjo motenj na tej lokaciji, ki je
posledica kumulativnega oddajanja vseh virov in drugih dejavnikov, kot so impedance omrežja. Navadno se šteje,
da združljivost obstaja, če je verjetnost za odklone od predvidenega delovanja zadovoljivo nizka. Glej točko 4 v
IEC 61000-2-1 [33].
OPOMBA 3: Kjer kontekst to zahteva, se združljivost lahko nanaša na posamezno motnjo ali vrsto motenj.

OPOMBA 4: Elektromagnetna združljivost je izraz, ki se uporablja tudi na področju študija škodljivih elektromagnetnih učinkov,
ki so jim izpostavljene naprave, oprema ali sistemi med seboj ali zaradi elektromagnetnih pojavov.
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

3.7
raven (elektromagnetne) združljivosti
določena raven elektromagnetnih motenj, uporabljena kot referenčna raven v določenem okolju za
koordinacijo pri določitvi mejnih vrednost oddajanja in odpornosti

OPOMBA: Raven združljivosti je navadno izbrana tako, da obstaja samo majhna verjetnost (na primer 5 %), da jo bo dejanska
raven motenj presegla.
3.8
oddajanje
pojav, pri katerem elektromagnetna energija izhaja iz vira elektromagnetne motnje

[IEV 161-01-08, spremenjen]
OPOMBA: V tem poročilu oddajanje pomeni pojave ali prevajane elektromagnetne motnje, ki lahko popačijo valovno obliko
napajalne napetosti.
3.9
raven oddajanja
raven določene elektromagnetne motnje, oddajana iz določene naprave, opreme, sistema ali motečega
postroja kot celote, ocenjena in merjena na določen način

3.10
mejna vrednost oddajanja
najvišja raven oddajanja, opredeljena za določeno napravo, opremo, sistem ali moteč postroj kot celoto

3.11
proizvodni vir
vsaka oprema, ki proizvaja elektriko, skupaj s kakršnokoli neposredno priključeno ali pridruženo opremo,
kot je blok transformator ali pretvornik

3.12
odpornost (proti motnji)
zmožnost naprave, opreme ali sistema, da deluje brez poslabšanja ob prisotnosti elektromagnetne
motnje
3.13
raven odpornosti
najvišja raven dane elektromagnetne motnje, pri kateri je naprava, oprema ali sistem, na katero(-ega)
deluje ta motnja, še sposobna(-en) delovati z deklarirano stopnjo zmogljivosti

3.14
nelinearno breme ali nelinearna oprema (glej tudi moteč postroj)
vsako breme ali oprema, ki odjema nesinusni tok, ko je napajano(-a) s sinusno napetostjo

3.15
normalni obratovalni pogoji
obratovalni pogoji sistema ali motečega postroja, ki tipično vključujejo vsa obratovalna stanja
proizvodnje, bremen in kompenzacij jalove moči ali stanj filtrskih naprav (na primer stanj vzporednega
kondenzatorja), načrtovanih odklopov in preureditev med vzdrževalnimi in gradbenimi deli, neidealnih
obratovalnih stanj in normalnih nepredvidenih stanj, za katera je bilo zasnovano obratovanje sistema ali
motečega postroja
OPOMBA: Normalni obratovalni pogoji sistema tipično izključujejo: stanja, ki nastanejo zaradi okvare ali kombinacije okvar,
ki presegajo načrtovane v okviru sistemskega varnostnega standarda, izjemne situacije in neizogibne okoliščine
(npr. višja sila, izjemne vremenske razmere in druge naravne katastrofe, ukrepi javnih organov, delavski protesti),
primere, kjer uporabniki sistema bistveno presegajo svoje mejne vrednosti oddajanja ali ne ustrezajo pogojem za
priključitev in začasne priključitve proizvodnih virov ali napajanja, ki je bilo urejeno za zagotavljanje napajanja
odjemalcem med vzdrževanjem ali gradnjo, kjer bi sicer prišlo do prekinitve napajanja.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

3.16
raven načrtovanja
raven določene motnje v določenem okolju, privzeta kot referenčna vrednost za mejne vrednosti, ki jih
je treba določiti za oddajanja iz postrojev v določenem sistemu z namenom koordinacije teh mejnih
vrednosti z vsemi mejnimi vrednostmi, sprejetimi za opremo in postroje, ki bodo priključeni v napajalni
sistem
OPOMBA: Ravni načrtovanja se štejejo za notranje cilje kakovosti, ki jih na lokalni ravni določijo odgovorni za načrtovanje in
obratovanje napajalnega sistema na ustreznem območju.

3.17
skupno priključno mesto (PCC)
mesto v javnem napajalnem sistemu, ki je električno najbližje obravnavanemu postroju in kamor so ali
pa so lahko priključeni drugi postroji. PCC je mesto v smeri proti višji napetosti od obravnavanega
postroja
OPOMBA: Napajalni sistem se šteje za javnega glede na uporabo, in ne na lastništvo.

3.18
priključno mesto (POC)
mesto v javnem napajalnem sistemu, kjer je ali je lahko priključen obravnavani postroj

OPOMBA: Napajalni sistem se šteje za javnega glede na uporabo, in ne na lastništvo.

3.19
mesto vrednotenja (POE)
mesto v javnem napajalnem sistemu, kjer se ravni oddajanja danega postroja ocenjujejo glede na mejne
vrednosti oddajanja. To mesto je lahko skupna priključna točka (PCC) ali priključna točka (POC) ali
vsako drugo mesto, ki ga določi operater sistema ali lastnik ali se o tem sporazumeta

OPOMBA: Napajalni sistem se šteje za javnega glede na uporabo, in ne na lastništvo.

3.20
kratkostična moč
teoretična vrednost začetne simetrične trifazne kratkostične moči na določenem mestu v napajalnem
sistemu, izražena v MVA. Določena je kot zmnožek začetnega simetričnega kratkostičnega toka,
nazivne napetosti sistema in faktorja √3, pri čemer se zanemari neperiodična komponenta (DC)

3.21
radialni odcep
stranska veja, ki se odcepi od glavne veje voda (tipično v SN- in NN-omrežjih)

3.22
napajalni sistem
vsi vodi, stikalne naprave in transformatorji, ki obratujejo na različnih napetostih ter oblikujejo prenosne
sisteme in distribucijske sisteme, na katere so priključeni postroji odjemalcev

3.23
sistemski operater ali lastnik
podjetje, odgovorno za pripravo tehničnih pogojev za sporazume z odjemalci, ki želijo priključiti
porabnike ali proizvodne vire v distribucijski ali prenosni sistem

3.24
koeficient prenosa (vplivni koeficient)
relativna raven motnje, ki se lahko prenese med dvema zbiralkama ali dvema deloma električnega
sistema pri različnih obratovalnih pogojih

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

3.25
napetostno neravnotežje
v večfaznem sistemu, stanje, kjer velikosti faznih napetosti ali fazni koti med zaporednimi fazami niso
vsi enaki (osnovna komponenta)

[IEV 161-08-09, spremenjen]
OPOMBA: V trifaznih sistemih je stopnja neenakosti po navadi izražena kot razmerje med negativno in ničelno komponento
glede na pozitivno komponento. V tem tehničnem poročilu se napetostno neravnotežje upošteva samo glede na
trifazne sisteme in negativno komponento.

3.26
definicije v zvezi s pojavi
naslednje definicije, ki se nanašajo na harmonike, temeljijo na analizi sistemskih napetosti ali tokov z
uporabo metode diskretne Fourierove transformacije (DFT). To je praktična uporaba Fourierove
transformacije, kot je določena v IEV 101-13-09 [28]

OPOMBA 1: Fourierova transformacija kot funkcija časa, bodisi periodična ali neperiodična, je funkcija v frekvenčnem prostoru
in sklicevanje nanjo pomeni frekvenčni spekter časovne funkcije ali enostavno spekter. Če je časovna funkcija
periodična, je spekter sestavljen iz diskretnih črt (komponent). Če je časovna funkcija neperiodična, je spekter
zvezna funkcija, ki predstavlja komponente pri vseh frekvencah.

OPOMBA 2: Zaradi enostavnosti se definicije v tem poročilu nanašajo samo na (med)harmonske komponente, vendar se to
ne sme razumeti kot omejitev uporabe drugih definicij, ki so podane v drugih dokumentih IEC, na primer IEC
61000-4-7 [11], kjer je sklicevanje na (med)harmonsko skupino ali podskupino primernejše za meritve hitro
spremenljivih signalov.
3.26.1
osnovna frekvenca
frekvenca v spektru, dobljenem iz Fourierove transformacije časovne funkcije, na katero se nanašajo
vse frekvence v spektru. V tem tehničnem poročilu je osnovna frekvenca enaka frekvenci napajalnega
sistema
OPOMBA: Pri periodični funkciji je osnovna frekvenca v splošnem enaka frekvenci, ki ustreza periodi funkcije same.

3.26.2
osnovna komponenta
komponenta, katere frekvenca je osnovna frekvenca

3.26.3
harmonska frekvenca
frekvenca, ki je celoštevilčni večkratnik osnovne frekvence. Razmerje harmonske frekvence in osnovne
frekvence se imenuje red harmonika (priporočen zapis: "h")

3.26.4
harmonska komponenta
vsaka od komponent, ki ima harmonsko frekvenco. Kratko se taki komponenti lahko reče kar "harmonik"

3.26.5
medharmonska frekvenca
vsaka frekvenca, ki ni celoštevilčni večkratnik osnovne frekvence

OPOMBA 1: Z razširitvijo iz reda harmonika je red medharmonika razmerje med frekvenco medharmonika in osnovno
frekvenco. To razmerje ni celoštevilčno. (Priporočena oznaka "m".)

OPOMBA 2: Če je m < 1, se lahko uporabi izraz podharmonik.

3.26.6
medharmonska komponenta
komponenta, ki ima medharmonsko frekvenco. Kratko se taki komponenti lahko reče kar "medharmonik"

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

3.26.7
celotno harmonsko popačenje – THD
razmerje efektivne vrednosti vsote vseh harmonskih komponent do določenega reda (H) in efektivne
vrednosti osnovne komponente
kjer so:
Q tok ali napetost
Q efektivna vrednost osnovne komponente
h red harmonika
Q efektivna vrednost harmonske komponente reda h
h
H v splošnem 40 ali 50, odvisno od uporabe

4 Temeljni koncepti EMC v zvezi s harmonskim popačenjem

Razvoj mejnih vrednosti oddajanja (napetosti ali toka) za posamezno opremo ali celotni postroj
uporabnika naj bi temeljil na učinku, ki ga bo imelo to oddajanje na kakovost napetosti. Za ovrednotenje
kakovosti napetosti se uporabljajo nekateri temeljni koncepti. Da bi se ti koncepti uporabili za
vrednotenje na določenih lokacijah, so opredeljeni glede na to, kje se uporabljajo (lokacije), kako se
merijo (čas merjenja, čas vzorčenja, čas povprečenja, statistika) in kako se izračunajo. Ti koncepti so
opisani v nadaljevanju in prikazani na slikah 1 in 2. Definicije je mogoče najti v IEC 60050(161).

4.1 Ravni združljivosti
To so referenčne vrednosti (glej preglednico 1) za usklajevanje oddajanja in odpornost opreme, ki je del
napajalnega sistema ali je iz njega napajana, da bi se elektromagnetna združljivost zagotovila v
celotnem sistemu (vključno s sistemom in povezano opremo). Ravni združljivosti na splošno temeljijo
na 95-odstotni verjetnosti celotnega sistema z uporabo statističnih distribucij, ki predstavljajo tako
časovno kot tudi prostorsko variacijo motenj. Obstaja možnost za dejstvo, da operater sistema ali lastnik
ne more nadzorovati vseh točk sistema v vsakem trenutku. Zato naj se ovrednotenje v zvezi z ravnmi
združljivosti opravi na ravni sistema in nobena metoda ocenjevanja ni predvidena za vrednotenje na
določeni lokaciji.
Ravni združljivosti za harmonske napetosti v nizko- in srednjenapetostnih sistemih so povzete po IEC
61000-2-2 [5] in IEC 61000-2-12 [6]. Te ravni združljivosti je treba razumeti v povezavi s
kvazistacionarnimi ali stacionarnimi harmoniki in so podane kot referenčne vrednosti tako za dolgoročne
učinke kot tudi za zelo kratkoročne učinke.

– Dolgoročni učinki se nanašajo predvsem na toplotne učinke na kable, transformatorje, motorje,
kondenzatorje itn. Pojavijo se zaradi ravni harmonikov, ki so prisotne v trajanju desetih minut ali
več.
– Zelo kratkoročni učinki se nanašajo predvsem na moteče učinke na elektronske naprave, ki so
lahko dovzetne za ravni harmonikov, ki trajajo tri sekunde ali manj. Prehodniki niso vključeni.

V povezavi z dolgoročnimi učinki so ravni združljivosti za posamezne harmonske komponente napetosti
podane v preglednici 1. Raven združljivosti za celostni harmonski faktor popačenja je THD = 8 %.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Preglednica 1: Ravni združljivosti za posamezne harmonske napetosti v nizko- in
srednjenapetostnih omrežjih (odstotek temeljne komponente),
povzeto po IEC 61000-2-2 [5] in IEC 61000-2-12 [6]

Lihi harmoniki, Lihi harmoniki,
Sodi harmoniki
ki niso večkratniki 3 ki so večkratniki 3
Red Harmonska Red Harmonska Red Harmonska
harmonika napetost harmonika napetost harmonika napetost
h % h % h %
5 6 3 5 2 2
7 5 9 1,5 4 1
11 3,5 15 0,4 6 0,5
13 3 21 0,3 8 0,5
17 10
17≤ h ≤ 49 2,27 · – 0,27 21< h ≤ 45 0,2 10 ≤ h ≤ 50 0,25 · + 0,25
h h
OPOMBA 1: Raven združljivosti za celotni harmonski faktor popačenja je THD = 8 %.

V povezavi z zelo kratkotrajnimi učinki (3 s ali manj) so ravni združljivosti za posamezne harmonske
komponente napetosti podane v preglednici 1, pomnožene s faktorjem k , kjer se k izračuna, kot
hvs hvs
sledi:
(1)
Raven združljivosti za celotni harmonski faktor popačenja za zelo kratkotrajne učinke je THD = 11 %.

Ravni združljivosti za VN- in EVN-sisteme IEC ne določa.

4.2 Ravni načrtovanja
4.2.1 Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja

To so ravni harmonske napetosti, ki se lahko uporabljajo za določanje mejnih vrednosti oddajanja ob
upoštevanju vseh motečih naprav. Ravni načrtovanja določi sistemski operater ali lastnik za vse
sistemske napetostne nivoje ter so lahko obravnavane kot interni standardi kakovosti sistemskega
operaterja ali lastnika in jih le-ta lahko posreduje posameznim uporabnikom na zahtevo. Ravni
načrtovanja za harmonike so enake ali nižje od ravni združljivosti in naj bi omogočale usklajevanje
harmonske napetosti med različnimi napetostnimi nivoji. Podajo se lahko samo okvirne vrednosti, ker
se ravni načrtovanja razlikujejo od primera do primera, glede na strukturo sistema in okoliščine. Okvirne
vrednosti za ravni načrtovanja za harmonske napetosti so prikazane v preglednici 2.

SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

Preglednica 2: Indikativne ravni načrtovanja za harmonske napetosti (v odstotkih temeljne
komponente) v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetskih sistemih

Lihi harmoniki, Lihi harmoniki,
Sodi harmoniki
ki niso večkratniki 3 ki so večkratniki 3
Harmonska
Harmonska napetost Harmonska napetost
napetost
Red Red Red
% %
harmonika harmonika % harmonika
h h h
S VN-
SN VN-EVN SN VN-EVN
N EVN
5 5 2 3 4 2 2 1,8 1,4
7 4 2 9  1,2 1 4 1 0,8
11 3 1,5 15  0,3 0,3 6 0,5 0,4
13 2,5 1,5 21  0,2 0,2 8 0,5 0,4
17 17 10 10
17 ≤ h ≤ 49 21< h ≤ 45 0,2 0,2 10 ≤ h ≤ 50
1,9 · – 0,2 1,2 · 0,25 · + 0,22 0,19 · + 0,16
h h h h
Indikativne ravni načrtovanja za celostni harmonski faktor popačenja so:

THD = 6,5 % in THD = 3 %
MV HV-EHV
OPOMBA 1: Pri nekaterih višjih redih harmonikov naj se pazi, ko se določajo zelo nizke vrednosti, kot je 0,2 %, zaradi praktičnih
omejitev merilne negotovosti, v glavnem na visoki in zelo visoki napetosti. Poleg tega naj bi, glede na
karakteristike sistema, obstajala rezerva med ravnmi načrtovanja na srednji, visoki in zelo visoki napetosti z
namenom koordinacije oddajanja motenj med različnimi napetostnimi nivoji (kot osnova za določitev ustrezne
rezerve se lahko uporabijo rezultati meritev).

OPOMBA 2: Ravni načrtovanja v preglednici 2 niso namenjene nadzoru nad harmoniki, ki nastanejo zaradi izjemnih dogodkov,
kot so geomagnetne nevihte in podobno.

OPOMBA 3: V nekaterih državah ravni načrtovanja določajo nacionalni standardi in priporočila.

OPOMBA 4: Značilnosti napetosti, ki so kvazi zagotovljene ravni, obstajajo v nekaterih državah za SN- in VN-sisteme. V
splošnem so višje kot ravni načrtovanja [7].

Glede zelo kratkih učinkov harmonikov (3 s ali manj) naj bi se ravni načrtovanja posameznih harmonikov
pomnožile s faktorjem k , kot podaja enačba (1).
hvs
Kjer nacionalne okoliščine glede na sistemske karakteristike to narekujejo, je mogoče primerno uporabiti
vmesne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja med vrednostmi za srednjo, visoko in zelo visoko napetost zaradi
možnih različnih napetostnih nivojev, vsebovanih v visoki in zelo visoki napetosti (> 35 kV). Poleg tega
je lahko potrebna tudi porazdelitev ravni načrtovanja med visoko in zelo visoko napetostjo, da bi
upoštevali vpliv motečih postrojev, priključenih na zelo visoko napetost, na visokonapetostni nivo. V tem
primeru naj bi bile ravni načrtovanja za zelo visoko napetost določene nižje, kot so podane v preglednici
zgoraj.
Več napotkov za prilagoditev SN-ravni načrtovanja posebnim sistemskim karakteristikam je podanih v
dodatku B. Primer metode za delitev ravni načrtovanja med različnimi deli VN-EVN-sistema je prav tako
podan v dodatku D.
Preostali del tega poročila opisuje postopke za uporabo teh ravni načrtovanja za določitev mejnih
vrednosti oddajanja za posamezne moteče postroje.

4.2.2 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja

Merilne metode, ki se uporabljajo za meritve harmonikov in medharmonikov, so metode razreda A,
določene v IEC 61000-4-30 [12] in povezanem IEC 61000-4-7 [11]. Označeni podatki v skladu z IEC
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-6 : 2016

61000-4-30 naj se ne upoštevajo v oceni. V pojasnilo: kjer so podatki označeni, se percentil, ki se
uporablja pri izračunu indeksov, navedenih spodaj, izračuna samo z uporabo veljavnih (neoznačenih)
podatkov.
Najkrajše obdobje merjenja je en teden običajnega obratovalnega stanja. Obdobje spremljanja naj
vključuje nekaj obdobij pričakovanih največjih vrednosti harmonikov.

Eden ali več od naslednjih indeksov se lahko uporabljajo za primerjavo dejanske ravni harmonikov z
ravnmi načrtovanja. Več kot en indeks je lahko potreben za ravni načrtovanja, da se oceni vpliv višjih
ravni oddajanja, dovoljenih za krajše časovno obdobje, kot so med plazovitimi prehodnimi pojavi ali
zagonskimi stanji.
– 95-odstotna tedenska vrednost U (efektivna vrednost posameznega harmonika v "kratkih" 10-
hsh
minutnih intervalih) naj ne presega ravni načrtovanja.

– Najvišja 99-odstotna verjetnost dnevne vrednosti U (efektivna vrednost posameznega harmonika
hvs
v "zelo kratkih" 3-sekundnih intervalih) naj ne presega ravni načrtovanja, pomnožene s faktorjem
k , kot podaja enačba (1) glede na ravni združljivosti, podane za zelo kratkotrajne učinke
hvs
harmonikov.
OPOMBA 1: Harmoniki se v splošnem merijo do 40. ali 50. reda, odvisno od uporabe. V večini primerov je to dovolj za
ovrednotenje motečih učinkov motenj. Vendar je mogoče, da v nekaterih primerih predstavljajo pomembno skrb
tudi višji redi harmonikov do 100. reda. Primeri vključujejo:

– velike pretvornike z napetostnimi zarezami,

– velike postroje s pretvorniki višjih pulznih števil (na primer tovarne aluminija),

– energetska oprema s pulzno-šir
...