ISO 11475:2004
(Main)Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)
Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)
ISO 11475:2004 specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers and boards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards with or without fluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIE D65 daylight illuminant. It is based on reflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO brightness which is limited to the blue region of VIS. In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to the D65 daylight illuminant , insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon the UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is specific for the measurement of fluorescence in the blue region of the spectrum. This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes. It should be read in conjunction with ISO 2469.
Papier et carton — Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10 degrés (lumière du jour extérieure)
L'ISO 11475:2003 spécifie le mode opératoire à utiliser pour déterminer le degré de blanc des papiers et cartons. Les valeurs obtenues correspondent à l'aspect visuel des papiers et cartons blancs, avec ou sans agents d'azurage fluorescents, quand ils sont observés dans les conditions relatives à l'illuminant lumière du jour CIE D65. Elle est basée sur des valeurs de réflectance obtenues pour toute l'étendue du spectre visible, à l'encontre du mesurage de degré de blanc ISO qui est limité à la région bleue du spectre visible. En outre, elle permet de régler la teneur en UV afin de correspondre à l'illuminant lumière du jour D65, dans la mesure où les valeurs obtenues avec les agents d'azurage fluorescents dépendent de la teneur en UV du rayonnement arrivant sur l'échantillon. Elle est spécifique pour le mesurage de la fluorescence dans la région bleue du spectre. Elle n'est pas applicable aux papiers de couleur contenant des colorants fluorescents. Elle complète l'ISO 2469.
Papir, karton in lepenka - Določanje beline po CIE, D65/10° (zunanja dnevna svetloba)
Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje postopek, ki se uporablja za določanje beline papirja, kartonov in lepenk. Pridobljene vrednosti ustrezajo videzu vrst belega papirja, kartona, lepenka, s fluorescenčnimi belilnimi sredstvi ali brez njih, kadar jih gledamo pod vrsto dnevne svetlobe CIE D65. Temelji na podatkih o odbojnosti, pridobljenih čez celotno vidno območje spektra (VIS), v nasprotju z merjenjem beline po ISO, ki je omejena na modro področje VIS.
Poleg tega opredeljuje metodo za prilagoditev vsebnosti UV, da ustreza vrsti dnevne
svetlobe D65 [8] [9], če so rezultati, pridobljeni ob prisotnosti fluorescenčnih belilnih sredstev, odvisni od vsebnosti UV sevanja, ki pada na vzorec. Velja posebej za merjenje fluorescence v modrem območju spektra.
Ta metoda se ne uporablja za obarvane papirje, ki vsebujejo fluorescenčna barvila.
Ta mednarodni standard se mora brati skupaj z ISO 2469.
OPOMBA: Povezani standard ISO 11476[4], ki opredeljuje postopek za pridobivanje vrednosti, ki ustrezajo videzu teh proizvodov pod osvetlitvijo v prostoru, je prav tako objavljen.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11475
Second edition
2004-11-15
Paper and board — Determination of CIE
whiteness, D65/10° (outdoor daylight)
Papier et carton — Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10°
(lumière du jour extérieure)
Reference number
ISO 11475:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 11475:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 11475:2004(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and equipment . 2
6 Calibration . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Preparation of test pieces . 4
9 Procedure . 4
10 Calculation and expression of results . 5
11 Precision . 6
12 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of reflectometers for determining tristimulus values . 7
Annex B (normative) UV-calibration service . 10
Bibliography . 12
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ISO 11475:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11475 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11475:1999), of which it constitutes a minor
technical revision: the only change is in B.4.3 which indicates that the IR2 and IR3 standards shall have a CIE
whiteness value of at least 130 and a fluorescent component of the whiteness of at least 50.
[11]
It is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE Publication 15.2-1986, Colorimetry .
©
iv ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11475:2004(E)
Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10°
(outdoor daylight)
1Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers and
boards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards with or without
fluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIE D65 daylight illuminant. It is based on
reflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO
brightness which is limited to the blue region of VIS.
In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to the D65 daylight
[8][9]
illuminant , insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon
the UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is specific for the measurement of fluorescence in the
blue region of the spectrum.
This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes.
This International Standard should be read in conjunction with ISO 2469.
[4]
NOTE A related standard, ISO 11476 , specifying the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance of
these products under indoor illumination, has also been published.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
reflectance factor
R
ratio of the radiation reflected by a body to that reflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same
conditions
NOTE The ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.2
intrinsic reflectance factor
reflectivity
R
∞
reflectance factor of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the
thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factor
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 11475:2004(E)
3.3
radiance factor
β
ratio of the radiance of a body to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination
and viewing
NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, β, is the sum of two portions, the reflected
radiance factor, β , and the luminescent radiance factor, β , so that
S L
β=β +β
S L
For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, β , is simply the reflectance factor, R.
S
3.4
CIE whiteness value
W
10
measure of whiteness derived from the CIE tristimulus values determined under the conditions specified in this
International Standard
NOTE CIE whiteness is dimensionless and is expressed as whiteness units.
3.5
green/red tint value
T
W.10
measure of the deviation from whiteness of the test material towards the green or red region
NOTE 1 The tint value is dimensionless and is expressed as tint units.
NOTE 2 A positive value of T indicates a greenish tint and a negative value indicates a reddish tint.
W.10
3.6
fluorescence component
F
10
measure of the extent to which the whiteness of the material is affected by excitation of the added fluorescent
whitening agent (FWA) under the conditions specified in this International Standard
◦
NOTE The suffix 10 is used to indicate that the value refers to the CIE 1964 (10 ) observer.
4Principle
The diffuse radiance factor of the material is determined under standardized conditions after the instrument has
been adjusted so that a reference standard has the same CIE whiteness value as it would have under CIE
standard D65 illumination, and the CIE whiteness value and the tint value are calculated. The fluorescence
component of the whiteness is calculated from the difference between this whiteness value and the whiteness
value obtained when the fluorescence emission from the material is eliminated, for instance by the introduction
into the light beams of a sharp cut-off UV-absorbing filter.
5 Apparatus and equipment
5.1 Reflectometer or spectrophotometer, having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics
described in ISO 2469, Annex A, calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, Annex B, and
equipped with a radiation source having an adequate UV-content and a means of adjusting the relative
[6]
UV-content so that the measured CIE whiteness value agrees with that corresponding to the D65 illuminant .
NOTE In the 1994 edition of ISO 2469, the reflectometer characteristics are described in Annex A and the calibration
service is described in Annex B. When ISO 2469 is revised, the numbering may change; users of editions subsequent to
1994 should therefore determine which elements of text specify these characteristics and this service.
For the measurement of reflectance factors with the fluorescence effect eliminated, the instrument shall be
equipped with a sharp cut-off, UV-absorbing filter having a transmittance not exceeding 5,0 % at and below a
©
2 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 11475:2004(E)
wavelength of 410 nm and not exceeding 50 % at a wavelength of 420 nm. The cut-off filter shall have
characteristics such that a reliable reflectance value is obtained at 420 nm. The reflectance value obtained at
420 nm shall then be considered for computational purposes to be the value which applies at all lower
wavelengths, at which it is not possible to make any measurement.
For the measurement of fluorescent papers, photometric linearity up to a scale reading of at least 200 % is
necessary in the wavelength region corresponding to the fluorescent emission.
5.1.1 In the case of a filter reflectometer, pairs of filters giving the photoelectric detectors of the reflectometer
responses equivalent to the CIE tristimulus values XY, , Z of the test piece, evaluated for the CIE standard
◦ [7]
illuminant D65 and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer .
5.1.2 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, a means of calculating the weighted means according to
◦
the requirements of the CIE illuminant D65 and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer using the weighting functions given in
[10]
Annex A .
5.2 Working standards
5.2.1 Two plates of flat opal glass or ceramic material, cleaned as described in ISO 2469.
5.2.2 A stable plastic or other tablet incorporating a fluorescent whitening agent.
5.3 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and working standards
5.3.1 Non-fluorescent reference standard for calibration, fulfilling the requirements for ISO reference standards
of level 3 as prescribed in ISO 2469.
5.3.2 Fluorescent reference standard for use in adjusting the UV-content of the radiation incident upon the
sample, having whiteness values and other relevant data as specified in Annex B and fulfilling the requirements
for ISO reference standards of level 3.
Use new reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV-adjustment.
5.4 Black cavity, having a reflectance factor which does not differ from its nominal value by more than 0,2 %
at all wavelengths. The black cavity shall be stored upside down in a dust-free environment or with a protective
cover.
NOTE The condition of the black cavity should be checked by reference to the instrument maker.
6 Calibration
6.1 Using the values assigned to the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1), calibrate the instrument with
the UV-cut-off filters removed from the radiation beams. The setting of the UV-adjustment filter is not important
at this stage.
6.2 Using the appropriate measurement procedure, measure the radiance factors of the fluorescent reference
standard (5.3.2); calculate the whiteness value (10.1) and compare the value obtained with that assigned to the
fluorescent reference standard.
A measured whiteness value higher than the assigned value indicates that the relative UV-content is too high
and vice versa.
6.3 Using the UV-adjustment filter or other adjustment device, adjust the UV-content of the illumination until
measurement gives the correct whiteness value.
NOTE If the UV-content is too low, it may be necessary to replace the UV-adjustment filter with a filter which raises rather
than lowers the relative UV-content.
6.4 Repeat the calibration as described in 6.1 using the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1) with the
UV-adjustment filter in the position which gave the correct whiteness value. Repeat the measurement of the
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 11475:2004(E)
whiteness of the fluorescent reference standard (5.3.2) as described in 6.2. If the whiteness value obtained
does not agree with the assigned value, adjust the position of the UV-adjustment filter until measurement gives
the correct whiteness value as described in 6.3.
6.5 Repeat 6.4 until the correct value for the whiteness of the fluorescent reference standard is obtained with
the instrument correctly calibrated to the non-fluorescent reference standard. The UV-content is now correctly
adjusted with respect to whiteness to a relative UV-content equivalent to the D65 illuminant. Record the setting
of the UV-adjustment.
◦
NOTE 1 This setting is equivalent to the D65 illuminant and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer with respect to whiteness. Variations
in the green/red tint value may still arise and it cannot be assumed that the tristimulus values and other parameters will also
be exactly those applicable to the D65 illuminant.
NOTE 2 In some instruments, the procedure indicated in 6.2 to 6.5 is performed automatically.
6.6 Calibrate the fluorescent working standard (5.2.2) as the working standard.
This working standard shall only be used in the specific instrument in which it is calibrated
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 11475:2011
01-maj-2011
3DSLUNDUWRQLQOHSHQND'RORþDQMHEHOLQHSR&,('ƒ ]XQDQMDGQHYQD
VYHWORED
Paper and board -- Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)
Papier et carton -- Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10 degrés (lumière du jour
extérieure)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 11475:2004
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST ISO 11475:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11475
Second edition
2004-11-15
Paper and board — Determination of CIE
whiteness, D65/10° (outdoor daylight)
Papier et carton — Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10°
(lumière du jour extérieure)
Reference number
ISO 11475:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and equipment . 2
6 Calibration . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Preparation of test pieces . 4
9 Procedure . 4
10 Calculation and expression of results . 5
11 Precision . 6
12 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of reflectometers for determining tristimulus values . 7
Annex B (normative) UV-calibration service . 10
Bibliography . 12
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11475 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11475:1999), of which it constitutes a minor
technical revision: the only change is in B.4.3 which indicates that the IR2 and IR3 standards shall have a CIE
whiteness value of at least 130 and a fluorescent component of the whiteness of at least 50.
[11]
It is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE Publication 15.2-1986, Colorimetry .
©
iv ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11475:2004(E)
Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10°
(outdoor daylight)
1Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers and
boards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards with or without
fluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIE D65 daylight illuminant. It is based on
reflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO
brightness which is limited to the blue region of VIS.
In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to the D65 daylight
[8][9]
illuminant , insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon
the UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is specific for the measurement of fluorescence in the
blue region of the spectrum.
This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes.
This International Standard should be read in conjunction with ISO 2469.
[4]
NOTE A related standard, ISO 11476 , specifying the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance of
these products under indoor illumination, has also been published.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
reflectance factor
R
ratio of the radiation reflected by a body to that reflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same
conditions
NOTE The ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.2
intrinsic reflectance factor
reflectivity
R
∞
reflectance factor of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the
thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factor
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
3.3
radiance factor
β
ratio of the radiance of a body to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination
and viewing
NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, β, is the sum of two portions, the reflected
radiance factor, β , and the luminescent radiance factor, β , so that
S L
β=β +β
S L
For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, β , is simply the reflectance factor, R.
S
3.4
CIE whiteness value
W
10
measure of whiteness derived from the CIE tristimulus values determined under the conditions specified in this
International Standard
NOTE CIE whiteness is dimensionless and is expressed as whiteness units.
3.5
green/red tint value
T
W.10
measure of the deviation from whiteness of the test material towards the green or red region
NOTE 1 The tint value is dimensionless and is expressed as tint units.
NOTE 2 A positive value of T indicates a greenish tint and a negative value indicates a reddish tint.
W.10
3.6
fluorescence component
F
10
measure of the extent to which the whiteness of the material is affected by excitation of the added fluorescent
whitening agent (FWA) under the conditions specified in this International Standard
◦
NOTE The suffix 10 is used to indicate that the value refers to the CIE 1964 (10 ) observer.
4Principle
The diffuse radiance factor of the material is determined under standardized conditions after the instrument has
been adjusted so that a reference standard has the same CIE whiteness value as it would have under CIE
standard D65 illumination, and the CIE whiteness value and the tint value are calculated. The fluorescence
component of the whiteness is calculated from the difference between this whiteness value and the whiteness
value obtained when the fluorescence emission from the material is eliminated, for instance by the introduction
into the light beams of a sharp cut-off UV-absorbing filter.
5 Apparatus and equipment
5.1 Reflectometer or spectrophotometer, having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics
described in ISO 2469, Annex A, calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, Annex B, and
equipped with a radiation source having an adequate UV-content and a means of adjusting the relative
[6]
UV-content so that the measured CIE whiteness value agrees with that corresponding to the D65 illuminant .
NOTE In the 1994 edition of ISO 2469, the reflectometer characteristics are described in Annex A and the calibration
service is described in Annex B. When ISO 2469 is revised, the numbering may change; users of editions subsequent to
1994 should therefore determine which elements of text specify these characteristics and this service.
For the measurement of reflectance factors with the fluorescence effect eliminated, the instrument shall be
equipped with a sharp cut-off, UV-absorbing filter having a transmittance not exceeding 5,0 % at and below a
©
2 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
wavelength of 410 nm and not exceeding 50 % at a wavelength of 420 nm. The cut-off filter shall have
characteristics such that a reliable reflectance value is obtained at 420 nm. The reflectance value obtained at
420 nm shall then be considered for computational purposes to be the value which applies at all lower
wavelengths, at which it is not possible to make any measurement.
For the measurement of fluorescent papers, photometric linearity up to a scale reading of at least 200 % is
necessary in the wavelength region corresponding to the fluorescent emission.
5.1.1 In the case of a filter reflectometer, pairs of filters giving the photoelectric detectors of the reflectometer
responses equivalent to the CIE tristimulus values XY, , Z of the test piece, evaluated for the CIE standard
◦ [7]
illuminant D65 and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer .
5.1.2 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, a means of calculating the weighted means according to
◦
the requirements of the CIE illuminant D65 and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer using the weighting functions given in
[10]
Annex A .
5.2 Working standards
5.2.1 Two plates of flat opal glass or ceramic material, cleaned as described in ISO 2469.
5.2.2 A stable plastic or other tablet incorporating a fluorescent whitening agent.
5.3 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and working standards
5.3.1 Non-fluorescent reference standard for calibration, fulfilling the requirements for ISO reference standards
of level 3 as prescribed in ISO 2469.
5.3.2 Fluorescent reference standard for use in adjusting the UV-content of the radiation incident upon the
sample, having whiteness values and other relevant data as specified in Annex B and fulfilling the requirements
for ISO reference standards of level 3.
Use new reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV-adjustment.
5.4 Black cavity, having a reflectance factor which does not differ from its nominal value by more than 0,2 %
at all wavelengths. The black cavity shall be stored upside down in a dust-free environment or with a protective
cover.
NOTE The condition of the black cavity should be checked by reference to the instrument maker.
6 Calibration
6.1 Using the values assigned to the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1), calibrate the instrument with
the UV-cut-off filters removed from the radiation beams. The setting of the UV-adjustment filter is not important
at this stage.
6.2 Using the appropriate measurement procedure, measure the radiance factors of the fluorescent reference
standard (5.3.2); calculate the whiteness value (10.1) and compare the value obtained with that assigned to the
fluorescent reference standard.
A measured whiteness value higher than the assigned value indicates that the relative UV-content is too high
and vice versa.
6.3 Using the UV-adjustment filter or other adjustment device, adjust the UV-content of the illumination until
measurement gives the correct whiteness value.
NOTE If the UV-content is too low, it may be necessary to replace the UV-adjustment filter with a filter which raises rather
than lowers the relative UV-content.
6.4 Repeat the calibration as described in 6.1 using the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1) with the
UV-adjustment filter in the position which gave the correct whiteness value. Repeat the measurement of the
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO 11475:2004(E)
whiteness of the fluorescent reference standard (5.3.2) as described in 6.2. If the whiteness value obtained
does not agree with the assigned value, adjust the position of the UV-adjustment filter until measurement gives
the correct whiteness value as described in 6.3.
6.5 Repeat 6.4 until the correct value for the whiteness of the fluorescent reference standard is obtained with
the instrument correctly calibrated to the non-fluorescent reference standard. The UV-content is now correctly
adjusted with respect to whiteness to a relative UV-content equivalent to the D65 illuminant. Record the setting
of the UV-adjustment.
◦
NOTE 1 This setting is equivalent to the D65 illuminant and CIE 1964 (10 ) observer with respect to whiteness. Varia
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.VYHWOREDPapier et carton -- Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10 degrés (lumière du jour extérieure)Paper and board -- Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and boardICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 11475:2004oSIST ISO 11475:2011en01-marec-2011oSIST ISO 11475:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO 11475:2011
INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO11475Second edition2004-11-15Reference numberISO11475:2004(E)© ISO2004Paper and board— Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10° (outdoordaylight)Papier et carton— Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10° (lumière du jour extérieure)
oSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)ii© ISO2004–All rights reservedPDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shallnot be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. Indownloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariataccepts no liability in this area.Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creationparameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In theunlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.©ISO2004All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below orISO's member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel.+ 41 22 749 01 11Fax+ 41 22 749 09 47E-mailcopyright@iso.orgWebwww.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandoSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)© ISO2004–All rights reservediiiContents Page1Scope . 12Normative references . 13Terms and definitions . 14Principle . 25Apparatus and equipment . 26Calibration . 37Sampling . 48Preparation of test pieces . 49Procedure . 410Calculation and expression of results . 511Precision . 612Test report . 6AnnexA(normative)Spectral characteristics of reflectometers for determining tristimulus values . 7AnnexB(normative)UV-calibration service . 10Bibliography . 12oSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)iv© ISO2004–All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO11475 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC6, Paper, board and pulps.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO11475:1999), of which it constitutes a minortechnical revision: the only change is in B.4.3 which indicates that the IR2 and IR3 standards shall have a CIEwhiteness value of at least 130 and a fluorescent component of the whiteness of at least 50.It is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE Publication 15.2-1986, Colorimetry[11].oSIST ISO 11475:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11475:2004(E)© ISO2004–All rights reserved1Paper and board— Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10° (outdoordaylight)1ScopeThis International Standard specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers andboards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards with or withoutfluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIED65 daylight illuminant. It is based onreflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISObrightness which is limited to the blue region of VIS.In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to the D65 daylightilluminant[8][9], insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent uponthe UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is specific for the measurement of fluorescence in theblue region of the spectrum.This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes.This International Standard should be read in conjunction with ISO2469.NOTEA related standard, ISO11476[4], specifying the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance ofthese products under indoor illumination, has also been published.2Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO2469, Paper, board and pulps— Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 reflectance factorratio of the radiation reflected by a body to that reflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the sameconditionsNOTEThe ratio is expressed as a percentage.3.2 intrinsic reflectance factorreflectivityreflectance factor of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing thethickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factorRR∞oSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)2© ISO2004–All rights reserved3.3 radiance factorratio of the radiance of a body to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illuminationand viewingNOTEFor fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, , is the sum of two portions, the reflectedradiance factor, , and the luminescent radiance factor, , so thatFor non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, , is simply the reflectance factor, .3.4 CIE whiteness valuemeasure of whiteness derived from the CIE tristimulus values determined under the conditions specified in thisInternational StandardNOTECIE whiteness is dimensionless and is expressed as whiteness units.3.5 green/red tint valuemeasure of the deviation from whiteness of the test material towards the green or red regionNOTE1The tint value is dimensionless and is expressed as tint units.NOTE2A positive value of
indicates a greenish tint and a negative value indicates a reddish tint.3.6 fluorescence componentmeasure of the extent to which the whiteness of the material is affected by excitation of the added fluorescentwhitening agent (FWA) under the conditions specified in this International StandardNOTEThe suffix10 is used to indicate that the value refers to the CIE1964 () observer.4PrincipleThe diffuse radiance factor of the material is determined under standardized conditions after the instrument hasbeen adjusted so that a reference standard has the same CIE whiteness value as it would have under CIEstandard D65 illumination, and the CIE whiteness value and the tint value are calculated. The fluorescencecomponent of the whiteness is calculated from the difference between this whiteness value and the whitenessvalue obtained when the fluorescence emission from the material is eliminated, for instance by the introductioninto the light beams of a sharp cut-off UV-absorbing filter.5Apparatus and equipment5.1Reflectometer or spectrophotometer, having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristicsdescribed in ISO2469, AnnexA, calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO2469, AnnexB, andequipped with a radiation source having an adequate UV-content and a means of adjusting the relativeUV-content so that the measured CIE whiteness value agrees with that corresponding to the D65 illuminant[6].NOTEIn the 1994 edition of ISO2469, the reflectometer characteristics are described in AnnexA and the calibrationservice is described in AnnexB. When ISO2469 is revised, the numbering may change; users of editions subsequent to1994 should therefore determine which elements of text specify these characteristics and this service.For the measurement of reflectance factors with the fluorescence effect eliminated, the instrument shall beequipped with a sharp cut-off, UV-absorbing filter having a transmittance not exceeding
at and below aβββSβLβ=βS+βLβSRW10TW.10TW.10F1010◦5,0%oSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)© ISO2004–All rights reserved3wavelength of
and not exceeding
at a wavelength of . The cut-off filter shall havecharacteristics such that a reliable reflectance value is obtained at . The reflectance value obtained at shall then be considered for computational purposes to be the value which applies at all lowerwavelengths, at which it is not possible to make any measurement.For the measurement of fluorescent papers, photometric linearity up to a scale reading of at least
isnecessary in the wavelength region corresponding to the fluorescent emission.5.1.1In the case of a filter reflectometer, pairs of filters giving the photoelectric detectors of the reflectometerresponses equivalent to the CIE tristimulus values , ,
of the test piece, evaluated for the CIE standardilluminant D65 and CIE1964 () observer[7].5.1.2In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, a means of calculating the weighted means according tothe requirements of the CIE illuminant D65 and CIE1964 () observer using the weighting functions given inAnnexA[10].5.2Working standards5.2.1Two plates of flat opal glass or ceramic material, cleaned as described in ISO2469.5.2.2A stable plastic or other tablet incorporating a fluorescent whitening agent.5.3Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and working standards5.3.1Non-fluorescent reference standard for calibration, fulfilling the requirements for ISO reference standardsof level3 as prescribed in ISO2469.5.3.2Fluorescent reference standard for use in adjusting the UV-content of the radiation incident upon thesample, having whiteness values and other relevant data as specified in AnnexB and fulfilling the requirementsfor ISO reference standards of level3.Use new reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV-adjustment.5.4Black cavity, having a reflectance factor which does not differ from its nominal value by more than at all wavelengths. The black cavity shall be stored upside down in a dust-free environment or with a protectivecover.NOTEThe condition of the black cavity should be checked by reference to the instrument maker.6Calibration6.1Using the values assigned to the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1), calibrate the instrument withthe UV-cut-off filters removed from the radiation beams. The setting of the UV-adjustment filter is not importantat this stage.6.2Using the appropriate measurement procedure, measure the radiance factors of the fluorescent referencestandard (5.3.2); calculate the whiteness value (10.1) and compare the value obtained with that assigned to thefluorescent reference standard.A measured whiteness value higher than the assigned value indicates that the relative UV-content is too highand vice versa.6.3Using the UV-adjustment filter or other adjustment device, adjust the UV-content of the illumination untilmeasurement gives the correct whiteness value.NOTEIf the UV-content is too low, it may be necessary to replace the UV-adjustment filter with a filter which raises ratherthan lowers the relative UV-content.6.4Repeat the calibration as described in 6.1 using the non-fluorescent reference standard (5.3.1) with theUV-adjustment filter in the position which gave the correct whiteness value. Repeat the measurement of the410nm50%420nm420nm420nm200%XYZ10◦10◦0,2%oSIST ISO 11475:2011
ISO11475:2004(E)4© ISO2004–All rights reservedwhiteness of the fluorescent reference standard (5.3.2) as described in 6.2. If the whiteness value obtaineddoes not agree with the assigned value, adjust the position of the UV-adjustment filter until measurement givesthe correct whiteness value as described in 6.3.6.5Repeat 6.4 until the correct value for the whiteness of the fluorescent reference standard is obtained withthe instrument correctly calibrated to the non-fluorescent reference standard. The UV-content is now correctlyadjusted with respect to whiteness to a relative UV-content equivalent t
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 11475
Deuxième édition
2004-11-15
Papier et carton — Détermination du
degré de blanc CIE, D65/10° (lumière du
jour extérieure)
Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10° (outdoor
daylight)
Numéro de référence
ISO 11475:2004(F)
©
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
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Publié en Suisse
©
ii ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
Sommaire Page
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe . 2
5 Appareillage et équipement . 2
6 Étalonnage . 3
7 Échantillonnage . 4
8Préparation des éprouvettes . 4
9 Mode opératoire . 4
10 Calcul et expression des résultats . 5
11 Fidélité . 6
12 Rapport d'essai . 6
Annexe A (normative) Caractéristiques spectrales des réflectomètres pour la détermination
des composantes trichromatiques . 7
Annexe B (normative) Service d'étalonnage UV . 10
Bibliographie . 12
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la
Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 11475 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pâtes.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 11475:1999), qui a fait l’objet d’une révision
technique mineure: le seul changement est l’ajout du paragraphe B.4.3, qui indique que les références IR2 et
IR3 doivent avoir un degré de blanc CIE d’au moins 130 et une composante fluorescente de degré de blanc
d’au moins 50.
[11]
Elle est basée sur la formule du degré de blanc, donnée dans la publication CIE 15.2-1986, Colorimétrie .
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 11475:2004(F)
Papier et carton — Détermination du degré de blanc CIE, D65/10°
(lumière du jour extérieure)
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie le mode opératoire à utiliser pour déterminer le degré de blanc des
papiers et cartons. Les valeurs obtenues correspondent à l'aspect visuel des papiers et cartons blancs, avec ou
sans agents d'azurage fluorescents, quand ils sont observés dans les conditions relatives à l'illuminant lumière
du jour CIE D65. Elle est basée sur des valeurs de réflectance obtenues pour toute l'étendue du spectre visible,
à l'encontre du mesurage de degré de blanc ISO qui est limité à la région bleue du spectre visible.
[8][9]
En outre, elle permet de régler la teneur en UV afin de correspondre à l'illuminant lumière du jour D65 ,
dans la mesure où les valeurs obtenues avec les agents d'azurage fluorescents dépendent de la teneur en UV
du rayonnement arrivant sur l'échantillon. Elle est spécifique pour le mesurage de la fluorescence dans la
région bleue du spectre.
Elle n'est pas applicable aux papiers de couleur contenant des colorants fluorescents.
Elle complète l'ISO 2469.
[4]
NOTE Une Norme internationale apparentée, l'ISO 11476 , spécifiant le mode opératoire pour obtenir les valeurs
correspondant à l'aspect de ces produits sous éclairage d'intérieur, a également été publiée.
2Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 2469, Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
facteur de réflectance
R
rapport du rayonnement réfléchi par un corps et du rayonnement réfléchi dans les mêmes conditions par le
diffuseur parfait par réflexion
NOTE Le rapport est exprimé en pourcentage.
3.2
facteur de réflectance intrinsèque
R
∞
facteur de réflectance d'une couche ou liasse de matériau suffisamment épaisse pour être opaque, c'est-à-dire
telle que l'augmentation de l'épaisseur de la liasse, en doublant le nombre de feuilles la constituant, n'engendre
aucune modification du facteur de réflectance mesuré
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
3.3
facteur de rayonnement
β
rapport de rayonnement du corps et du rayonnement du diffuseur parfait de réflectance, dans les mêmes
conditions de lumière et de visualisation
NOTE Pour les matériaux fluorescents (luminescents), le facteur de rayonnement total, β, est la somme du facteur de
rayonnement réfléchi, β , et du facteur de rayonnement luminescent, β :
S L
β=β +β
S L
Pour les matériaux non fluorescents, le facteur de rayonnement réfléchi, β , est simplement le facteur de réflectance, .R
S
3.4
valeur du degré de blanc CIE
W
10
mesure de degré de blanc, dérivée des composantes trichromatiques CIE déterminées dans les conditions
spécifiées dans la présente Norme internationale
NOTE Le degré de blanc CIE est sans dimension et est exprimé en unités de degré de blanc.
3.5
valeur de teinte vert/rouge
T
W.10
mesure de la déviation, à partir du degré de blanc du matériau soumis à l'essai, vers la région du vert ou du
rouge
NOTE 1 La valeur de teinte est sans dimension et est exprimée en unités de teinte.
NOTE 2 Une valeur positive de T indique une teinte tirant sur le vert, et une valeur négative une teinte tirant sur le
W.10
rouge.
3.6
composante fluorescente
F
10
mesure de l'importance de la modification du degré de blanc du matériau par l'excitation des agents d'azurage
fluorescents ajoutés, dans les conditions spécifiées dans la présente Norme internationale
◦
NOTE Le suffixe 10 est utilisé pour indiquer que la valeur se rapporte au CIE 1964 (10 ) observé.
4Principe
Le facteur de rayonnement diffus du matériau est déterminé dans des conditions normalisées, après que
l'appareil a été réglé de sorte qu’un étalon de référence a la même valeur du degré de blanc CIE que celle
qu’aurait cet étalon sous un éclairage normalisé CIE D65, et la valeur du degré de blanc CIE et la valeur de la
teinte sont calculées. La composante fluorescente du degré de blanc est calculée à partir de la différence entre
cette valeur du degré de blanc et la valeur du degré de blanc obtenue après élimination de l'émission
fluorescente du matériau, en insérant par exemple dans les faisceaux lumineux un filtre absorbant les UV, à
coupure nette.
5 Appareillage et équipement
5.1 Réflectomètre ou spectrophotomètre, ayant les caractéristiques géométriques, spectrales et
photométriques décrites dans l'ISO 2469, Annexe A, étalonné conformément à l'ISO 2469, Annexe B, équipé
d'une source lumineuse à teneur adéquate en UV et d'un moyen de réglage de la teneur relative en UV de sorte
[6]
que la valeur mesurée de degré de blanc CIE soit en accord avec celle correspondant à l'illuminant D65 .
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
NOTE Dans l’édition de 1994 de l’ISO 2469, les caractéristiques du réflectomètre sont décrites dans l’Annexe A, et le
service d’étalonnage, dans l’Annexe B. Lors de la révision de l’ISO 2469, la numérotation pourra changer; il convient donc
que les utilisateurs des éditions postérieures à 1994 déterminent quels éléments de texte spécifient ces caractéristiques et
ce service.
Pour le mesurage des facteurs de réflectance après élimination de l'effet de fluorescence, l'appareil doit être
équipé d'un filtre absorbant les UV, à coupure nette, dont le facteur de transmission n'excède pas 5,0 % à une
longueur d'onde inférieure ou égale à 420 nm, et pas plus de 5,0 % à une longueur d'onde de 420 nm. Le filtre
à coupure doit être conçu de manière qu'une valeur sûre de réflectance puisse être obtenue à . 420 nmLa
valeur de réflectance obtenue à 420 nm doit alors être considérée pour les calculs sur ordinateur comme la
valeur applicable à toutes les longueurs d'onde inférieures, où il est impossible de prendre une mesure.
Pour le mesurage des papiers fluorescents, il est nécessaire d'avoir une linéarité photométrique jusqu'à une
200 %
lecture sur une échelle d'au moins dans la région des longueurs d'onde correspondant à l'émission
fluorescente.
5.1.1 Pour les réflectomètres à filtres, paires de filtres donnant aux cellules photoélectriques des
réflectomètres des réponses équivalentes aux composantes trichromatiques CIE XY, , Z de l'éprouvette,
◦ [7]
évaluées pour l'illuminant normalisé D65 et pour l'observateur CIE 1964 (10 ) .
5.1.2 Pour les spectrophotomètres avec un nombre discret de longueur d'onde pour la mesure, dispositif de
calcul des moyennes pondérées, selon les prescriptions relatives à l'illuminant CIE D65 et à l'observateur
◦ [10]
CIE 1964 (10 ), et utilisant les fonctions de pondération données dans l'Annexe A .
5.2 Supports de travail
5.2.1 Deux plaques de verre opale plat ou de céramique, nettoyées conformément à l'ISO 2469.
5.2.2 Tablette en plastique stable ou équivalent, incorporant un agent d'azurage fluorescent.
5.3 Références pour l'étalonnage de l'appareil et références de travail
5.3.1 Référence non fluorescente pour l'étalonnage, conforme aux exigences relatives aux références ISO de
niveau 3 spécifiées dans l'ISO 2469.
5.3.2 Référence fluorescente destinée au réglage de la teneur en UV du rayonnement incident sur
l'échantillon, présentant les valeurs de degré de blanc et autres données utiles spécifiées dans l'Annexe B, et
conforme aux exigences relatives aux références ISO de niveau 3.
Renouveler les références suffisamment souvent, afin d'assurer un étalonnage et un réglage de la teneur en
UV satisfaisants.
5.4 Corps noir, dont le facteur de réflectance ne varie pas de plus de 0,2 % par rapport à la valeur nominale
à toutes les longueurs d'onde. Il est recommandé d'entreposer le corps noir, côté supérieur en dessous, dans
un environnement exempt de poussière ou de le placer dans une enveloppe protectrice.
NOTE Il convient de vérifier l'état du corps noir en se conformant aux instructions du fabricant de l'appareil.
6 Étalonnage
6.1 En utilisant les valeurs assignées à la référence non fluorescente (5.3.1), étalonner l'appareil après avoir
retiré des faisceaux lumineux les filtres anti-UV à coupure. L'insertion du filtre de réglage de la teneur en UV
n'est pas nécessaire à cette étape.
6.2 En utilisant le mode opératoire de mesurage approprié, mesurer le facteur de rayonnement de la
référence fluorescente (5.3.2); calculer le degré de blanc (10.1) et comparer la valeur obtenue avec celle
assignée à la référence fluorescente.
Si le degré de blanc mesuré est plus élevé que la valeur assignée, cela signifie que la teneur relative en UV est
trop importante et vice versa.
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ISO 11475:2004(F)
6.3 En utilisant le filtre de réglage de la teneur en UV ou un autre dispositif de réglage, régler la teneur en UV
de l'éclairage jusqu'à ce que le mesurage donne le degré de blanc correct.
NOTE Si la teneur en UV est trop basse, il peut être nécessaire de remplacer le filtre de réglage de la teneur en UV par un
filtre qui augmente la teneur relative en UV au lieu de la réduire.
6.4 Répéter l'étalonnage décrit en 6.1 en utilisant la référence non fluorescente (5.3.1), avec le filtre de
réglage de la teneur en UV dans la position pour laquelle la valeur correcte de degré de blanc a été obtenue.
Répéter le mesurage de degré de blanc de la référence fluorescente (5.3.2) comme décrit en 6.2. Si la valeur
de degré de blanc obtenue ne correspond pas à la valeur assignée, régler la position du filtre jusqu'à obtention
de la valeur correcte de degré de blanc conformément à 6.3.
6.5 Répéter la procédure décrite en 6.4 jusqu'à obtention de la valeur correcte de degré de blanc, l'appareil
étant étalonné correctement avec la référence non fluorescente. La teneur en UV est maintenant réglée
correctement par rapport au degré de blanc, pour une teneur relative en UV équivalente à celle de l'illuminant
D65. Noter la position de réglage de la teneur en UV.
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NOTE 1 Cette procédure est identique à celle utilisée pour l'illuminant D65 et l'observateur CIE 1964 (10 ) du point de vue
du degré de blanc. Il peut y avoir encore des variations dans les teintes vertes ou rouges et il n'est pas possible de prévoir
si les composantes trichromatiques et autres paramètres seront aussi exactement ceux applicables à l'illuminant D65.
NOTE 2 Pour certains appareils, le mode opératoire indiqué de 6.2 à 6.5 s'effectue automatiquement.
6.6 Étalonner la tablette fluorescente (5.2.2) comme référence de travail .
N'utiliser cette référence de travail qu'avec l'appareil avec lequel elle est étalonnée, et uniquement pour
surveiller les changements survenant dans les lampes. Dans le cas où les lampes sont remplacées,
réétalonner la référence de travail par rapport à une référence fluorescente de niveau 3 (5.3.2).
6.7 Étalon
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