ISO 10042:2005
(Main)Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections
Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 10042:2005 specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. It covers full-penetration butt welds and all fillet welds. The principles of the standard may also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose of the product manufactured. The standard applies to: all types of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections; the following welding processes and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063: 131....metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA/, 141....tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA/, 15......plasma arc welding; manual, mechanized and automatic welding; all welding positions. Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by the standard.
Soudage — Assemblages en aluminium et alliages d'aluminium soudés à l'arc — Niveaux de qualité par rapport aux défauts
L'ISO 10042:2005 fournit des niveaux de qualité par rapport aux défauts dans les assemblages en aluminium et alliages d'aluminium soudés à l'arc. Elle s'applique à des épaisseurs de matériau supérieures à 0,5 mm. Elle couvre les soudures bout à bout à pleine pénétration et toutes les soudures d'angle. Les principes de la présente norme peuvent aussi s'appliquer aux soudures bout à bout à pénétration partielle. Trois niveaux de qualité sont donnés dans le but de permettre son application à une large gamme de fabrications soudées. Les niveaux de qualité se rapportent à la qualité de la fabrication et non à l'aptitude à l'emploi du produit fini. L'ISO 10042:2005 s'applique: à tous les types de soudures, par exemple soudures bout à bout, soudures d'angle et piquages; aux procédés de soudage suivants et à leurs sous-catégories définies dans l'ISO 4063: 131, soudage à l'arc en atmosphère inerte avec fil électrode (MIG); 141, soudage à l'arc en atmosphère inerte avec électrode de tungstène (TIG); 15, soudage à l'arc au plasma; au soudage manuel, mécanisé et automatique; à toutes les positions de soudage. L'ISO 10042:2005 ne traite pas des aspects métallurgiques, par exemple la grosseur de grain ou la dureté.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10042
Second edition
2005-11-15
Welding — Arc-welded joints in
aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels
for imperfections
Soudage — Assemblages en aluminium et alliages d'aluminium soudés
à l'arc — Niveaux de qualité par rapport aux défauts
Reference number
ISO 10042:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols . 3
5 Assessment of imperfections. 3
Annex A (informative) Examples of the determination of the percent porosity . 16
Annex B (informative) Additional information and guidelines for users of this International
Standard . 18
Bibliography . 19
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10042 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10042:1992), which has been technically
revised.
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
Introduction
This International Standard should be used as a reference in drafting application codes and/or other
application standards. It contains a simplified selection of arc welding imperfections based on the designations
given in ISO 6520-1.
Some imperfections described in ISO 6520-1 have been used directly and some have been grouped together.
The basic numerical referencing system from ISO 6520-1 has been used.
The purpose of this International Standard is to define the dimensions of typical imperfections which might be
expected in normal fabrication. It may be used within a quality system for the production of welded joints. It
provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The
quality level necessary in each case should be defined by the application standard or the responsible designer
in conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The quality level will have to be
prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes,
additional details may to be prescribed.
The quality levels given in this International Standard provide basic reference data and are not specifically
related to any particular application. They refer to the types of welded joint in fabrication and not to the
complete product or component itself. It is possible, therefore, that different quality levels are applied to
individual welded joints in the same product or component.
It would normally be expected that for a particular welded joint the dimensional limits for imperfections could
all be covered by specifying one quality level. In some cases, it may be necessary to specify different quality
levels for different imperfections in the same welded joint.
The choice of quality level for any application should take account of design considerations, subsequent
processing (e.g. surfacing), mode of stressing (e.g. static, dynamic), service conditions (e.g. temperature,
environment) and consequences of failure. Economic factors are also important and should include not only
the cost of welding but also of inspection, test and repair.
Although this International Standard includes types of imperfection relevant to the arc welding processes
given in Clause 1, only those which are applicable to the process and application in question need to be
considered.
Imperfections are quoted in terms of their actual dimensions, and their detection and evaluation may require
the use of one or more methods of non-destructive testing. The detection and sizing of imperfections is
dependent on the inspection methods and the extent of testing specified in the application standard or
contract.
This International Standard does not address the methods used for the detection of imperfections. However,
ISO 17635 contains a correlation between the quality level and acceptance level for different NDT methods.
This International Standard is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of
recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. It should be considered that
there are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing
methods such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing and they may need to be supplemented by
requirements for inspection, examination and testing.
The values given for imperfections are for welds produced using normal welding practice. Requirements for
smaller (more stringent) values as stated in quality level B may include additional manufacturing processes,
e.g. grinding, TIG dressing.
Requests for official interpretation of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the
secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be
found at www.iso.org.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10042:2005(E)
Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys —
Quality levels for imperfections
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its
alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. It covers full-penetration butt welds and all fillet welds.
The principles of this International Standard may also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.
Quality levels for beam-welded joints are presented in ISO 13919-2.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. They are
designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished
weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose (see 3.2) of the product
manufactured.
This International Standard applies to:
⎯ all types of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
⎯ the following welding processes and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063:
⎯ 131 metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA/,
⎯ 141 tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA/,
⎯ 15 plasma arc welding;
⎯ manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
⎯ all welding positions.
Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2553, Welded, brazed and soldered joints — Symbolic representation on drawings
ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic
materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
quality level
description of the quality of a weld on the basis of type, size and amount of selected imperfections
3.2
fitness for purpose
ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions
3.3
short imperfections
in cases when the weld is 100 mm long or longer, imperfections are considered to be short imperfections if, in
the 100 mm which contains the greatest number of imperfections, their total length is less than 25 mm;
in cases when the weld is less than 100 mm long, imperfections are considered to be short imperfections if
their total length is less than 25 % of the length of the weld
3.4
systematic imperfection
imperfection that is repeatedly distributed in the weld over the weld length to be examined, the size of each
individual imperfection being within the specified limits
3.5
cross-sectional area
area to be considered after fracture or sectioning
3.6
projected area
area where imperfections distributed along the volume of the weld under consideration are imaged
two-dimensionally
NOTE In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the occurrence of imperfections is dependent on the weld thickness
when exposed radiographically (see Figure 1).
Key
1 direction of X-rays 3 6-fold thickness 5 2-fold thickness
2 4 pores per volume unit 4 3-fold thickness 6 1-fold thickness
Figure 1 — Radiographic films of specimens with identical occurrence of pores per volume unit
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ISO 10042:2005(E)
4 Symbols
The following symbols are used in Table 1:
A area surrounding a gas pore
a nominal throat thickness of a fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)
b width of weld reinforcement
d diameter of a gas pore
d diameter of area surrounding a gas pore
A
d diameter of circle surrounding total gas pore area
Ac
h height or width of an imperfection
l length of imperfection in longitudinal direction of weld
l length of projected or cross-sectional area
p
s nominal butt weld thickness (see also ISO 2553)
t wall or plate thickness (nominal size)
w width of weld or width or height of cross-sectional area
p
z leg length of a fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)
5 Assessment of imperfections
Limits on imperfections are given in Table 1.
If for the detection of imperfections micro-examination is used, only those imperfections which can be
detected with a maximum of ten-fold magnification shall be considered. Excluded from this are microcracks
(see Table 1, 2.2).
Systematic imperfections are only permitted in quality level D, provided other requirements of Table 1 are
fulfilled.
A welded joint should usually be assessed for each individual type of imperfection sep
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