ISO 19118:2005

Geographic information — Encoding

ISO 19118:2005 specifies the requirements for defining encoding rules to be used for interchange of geographic data within the ISO 19100 series of International Standards. ISO 19118:2005 specifies requirements for creating encoding rules based on UML schemas, requirements for creating encoding services, an informative XML based encoding rule for neutral interchange of geographic data. ISO 19118:2005 does not specify any digital media, it does not define any transfer services or transfer protocols, nor does it specify how to encode inline large images.

Information géographique — Codage

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Aug-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Aug-2005
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 211/WG 4 - Geospatial services
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 10-Oct-2011

Relations

• Revised: ISO 19118:2011 - Geographic information — Encoding
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Consolidated By: ISO 7396-1:2016 - Medical gas pipeline systems — Part 1: Pipeline systems for compressed medical gases and vacuum
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19118
First edition
2005-07-15

Geographic information — Encoding
Information géographique — Codage




Reference number
ISO 19118:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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ISO 19118:2005(E)
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
6 Fundamental concepts and assumptions. 6
6.1 Concepts. 6
6.2 Data interchange. 6
6.3 Application schema. 7
6.4 Encoding rule . 8
6.5 Encoding service . 9
6.6 Transfer service . 9
7 Character repertoire . 10
8 Encoding rules . 10
8.1 Introduction . 10
8.2 General encoding requirements. 11
8.3 Input data structure . 13
8.4 Output data structure . 13
8.5 Conversion rules. 14
8.6 Examples . 14
9 Encoding service . 14
Annex A (informative) XML based encoding rule . 16
A.1 Introduction . 16
A.2 General encoding requirements. 17
A.3 Input data structure . 19
A.4 Output data structure . 23
A.5 Schema conversion rules . 23
A.6 Instance conversion rules . 52
A.7 Abstract test suite. 54
A.8 Level 2 conformance . 55
Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite. 56
B.1 Introduction . 56
B.2 Level 1 conformance ― General encoding requirements. 56
B.3 Level 2 conformance ― Interface . 56
Annex C (informative) Extensible Markup Language (XML) . 57
C.1 Introduction . 57
C.2 Extensible Markup Language . 57
Annex D (informative) Character repertoire. 66
Annex E (informative) Examples. 69
E.1 Introduction . 69
E.2 Standard types . 69
E.3 Simple-Road-Map. 79
E.4 Property-Building-Loan. 80
E.5 Property-Building-Updating. 88
Bibliography . 103
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
Figures
Figure 1 — Overview of data interchange between two systems.6
Figure 2 — The encoding rule defines conversion rules from input concepts to output concepts .8
Figure 3 — Overview of the encoding process .9
Figure 4 — Example of exchange metadata.12
Figure 5 — Conversion rules .14
Figure 6 — Example encoding service interface .15
Figure A.1 — XML based conversion rules .16
Figure A.2 — Instance model: Dataset, object and property .20
Figure A.3 — Instance model: Value types.20
Figure A.4 — Example application schema .22
Figure A.5 — Example data.23
Figure A.6 — Units of Measure.28
Figure A.7 — Measure types .29
Figure A.8 — Example of <> .30
Figure A.9 — Example of <> .31
Figure A.10 — Example of <> .31
Figure A.11 — Record types.32
Figure A.12 — Example of bounded template type .33
Figure A.13 — Example of single inheritance.34
Figure A.14 — Example of multiple inheritance.35
Figure A.15 — Example attribute of a supertype .36
Figure A.16 — Example attribute.39
Figure A.17 — Example association.40
Figure A.18 — Example aggregation.40
Figure A.19 — Example composition.41
Figure A.20 — Document structure.42
Figure A.21 — Dataset contains objects.43
Figure A.22 — Exchange metadata.44
Figure A.23 — Update primitives .45
Figure A.24 — Configuration file: top elements .48
Figure A.25 — Configuration file: structured types .49
Figure A.26 — Configuration file: bounded template types .49
Figure A.27 — Configuration file: codelist, enumeration and external type.49
Figure D.1 — UCS-4 structure.66
Figure E.1 — Geometric primitives .70
Figure E.2 — Coordinate geometry .71
Figure E.3 — Geometric complexes .71
Figure E.4 — Topology .72
Figure E.5 — SRM application schema .79
Figure E.6 — Simple map according to the SRM application schema .79
Figure E.7 — PBL Application schema.81
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
Figure E.8 — PBL example data . 81
Figure E.9 — Property-Building-Updating application schema . 88
Figure E.10 — Feature types by inheritance . 88
Figure E.11 — Example data. 89
Tables
Table A.1 — Stereotypes on classes. 18
Table A.2 — Summary of relationship between UML and the instance model . 21
Table A.3 — Mapping of attributes with multiplicity and collection type . 22
Table A.4 — Multiplicity mapping for attributes . 38
Table A.5 — Multiplicity mapping for content elements. 39
Table C.1 — DTD attribute types. 61
Table C.2 — Two special purpose XML attributes . 61
Table C.3 — XLink attributes. 62
Table D.1 — UTF8 byte sequences to represent a character. 67

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ISO 19118:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19118 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies the requirements for defining encoding rules to be used for interchange
of geographic data within the ISO 19100 series of International Standards. An encoding rule allows
geographic information defined by application schemas and standardized schemas to be coded into a system-
independent data structure suitable for transport and storage. The encoding rule specifies the types of data to
be coded and the syntax, structure and coding schemes used in the resulting data structure. The resulting
data structure may be stored on digital media or transferred using transfer protocols. It is intended to be read
and interpreted by computers, but may be in a form that is human readable.
The choice of one encoding rule for neutral data interchange does not exclude application domains and
individual nations from defining and using their own encoding rules that can be platform dependent or more
effective with regards to data size or processing complexity. XML is a subset of ISO/IEC 8879 and has been
chosen because it is independent of computing platform and interoperable with the World Wide Web.
This International Standard is divided into three logical sections. The requirements for creating encoding rules
based on UML schemas are specified in Clauses 6 to 8. The requirements for creating encoding service are
specified in Clause 9, and the XML based encoding rule is specified in Annex A.
The XML based encoding rule is intended to be used for neutral data interchange. It relies on the Extensible
Markup Language (XML) and the ISO/IEC 10646 character set standards. Introductions to XML and
ISO/IEC 10646 are given in Annexes C and D, respectively. Annex E contains examples of the application of
this International Standard.
The geographic information standards are organized in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards. The
background, the overall structure of this series of International Standards and the fundamental description
techniques are defined in ISO 19101, ISO/TS 19103 and ISO 19104.
Users of this International Standard will develop application schemas to capture the semantics of geographic
information. An application schema is compiled by integrating elements from a set of standardized conceptual
schemas developed in ISO 19107, ISO 19108, ISO 19110, ISO 19111, ISO 19112, ISO 19113, ISO 19115
and ISO 19117, including eventually new standardized conceptual schemas. How this integration will take
place is described in ISO 19109. The ISO 19100 series of International Standards also defines a set of
common services that shall be available when developing geographic information applications. The common
services are generally defined in ISO 19119 and will cover access to and processing of geographic
information according to the common information model. Two service areas are defined more closely in
ISO 19116 and ISO 19117. ISO 19105, ISO 19106, ISO 19114 and this International Standard cover
implementation issues.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19118:2005(E)

Geographic information — Encoding
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for defining encoding rules to be used for interchange
of geographic data within the ISO 19100 series of International Standards.
This International Standard specifies
 requirements for creating encoding rules based on UML schemas,
 requirements for creating encoding services,
 an informative XML based encoding rule for neutral interchange of geographic data.
This International Standard does not specify any digital media, it does not define any transfer services or
transfer protocols, nor does it specify how to encode inline large images.
2 Conformance
Two conformance levels are defined for this International Standard. The conformance levels are defined in the
abstract test suite in Annex B.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19109:2005, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000. Available
at
XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation 2, May 2001. Available at

XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation 2, May 2001. Available at

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ISO 19118:2005(E)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
application schema
conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications
[ISO 19101]
NOTE An application schema describes the content, the structure and the constraints applicable to information in a
specific application domain.
4.2
character
member of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization, or control of data
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.3
code
representation of a label according to a specified scheme
4.4
conceptual model
model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse
[ISO 19101]
4.5
conceptual schema
formal description of a conceptual model
[ISO 19101]
4.6
conceptual schema language
formal language based on a conceptual formalism for the purpose of representing conceptual schemas
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE UML, EXPRESS, IDEF1X.
NOTE A conceptual schema language may be lexical or graphical.
4.7
conversion rule
rule for converting instances in the input data structure to instances in the output data structure
4.8
data
reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.9
data element
unit of data that, in a certain context, is considered indivisible
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
4.10
data interchange
delivery, receipt and interpretation of data
4.11
data transfer
movement of data from one point to another over a medium
NOTE Transfer of information implies transfer of data.
4.12
data type
specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain
[ISO/TS 19103]
EXAMPLE Integer, Real, Boolean, String and Date.
NOTE A data type is identified by a term, e.g. Integer. Values of the data types are of the specified value domain, e.g.
all integer numbers between –65537 and 65536. The set of operations can be +, −, ÷ and × and is semantically well
defined. A data type can be simple or complex. A simple data type defines a value domain where values are considered
atomic in a certain context, e.g. Integer. A complex data type is a collection of data types which are grouped together. A
complex data type may represent an object and can thus have identity.
4.13
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[ISO 19115]
4.14
encoding
conversion of data into a series of codes
4.15
encoding rule
identifiable collection of conversion rules that define the encoding for a particular data structure
EXAMPLE XML, ISO 10303-21, ISO/IEC 8211.
NOTE An encoding rule specifies the types of data to be converted as well as the syntax, structure and codes used
in the resulting data structure.
4.16
encoding service
software component that has an encoding rule implemented
4.17
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101]
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance is used when only one is meant.
4.18
file
named set of records stored or processed as a unit
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
4.19
geographic data
data with implicit or explicit reference to a location relative to the Earth
[ISO 19109]
4.20
geographic information
information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth
[ISO 19101]
4.21
identifier
label that uniquely identifies an item or group of items
4.22
information
knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that
within a certain context has a particular meaning
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.23
instance model
representation model for storing data according to an application schema
4.24
interface
named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an element
[ISO/IEC 19501]
4.25
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner
that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.26
medium
substance or agency for storing or transmitting data
[1]
EXAMPLE Compact disc, internet , radio waves, etc.
4.27
model
abstraction of some aspects of reality
[ISO 19109]
4.28
schema
formal description of a model
[ISO 19101]
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
4.29
schema model
representation model for storing schemas
EXAMPLE Representation model for a schema repository.
4.30
stereotype
new type of modelling element that extends the semantics of the metamodel
[ISO/IEC 19501]
NOTE Stereotypes must be based on certain existing types or classes in the metamodel. Stereotypes may extend
the semantics, but not the structure of pre-existing types and classes. Certain stereotypes are predefined in the UML,
others may be user defined. Stereotypes are one of three extensibility mechanisms in UML; the others are constraint and
tagged value.
4.31
transfer protocol
common set of rules for defining interactions between distributed systems
4.32
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[ISO 19101]
4.33
value domain
set of accepted values
[ISO/TS 19103]
EXAMPLE The range 3-28, all integers, any ASCII character, enumeration of all accepted values (green, blue, white).
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
API Application Programming Interface
DTD Document Type Definition
ID Identifier
IDREF An XML ID reference type
OMG Object Management Group
UCS Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
UML Unified Modelling language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
UTF UCS Transfer Format
UUID Universal Unique Identifier
XMI XML Metadata Interchange
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ISO 19118:2005(E)
XML Extensible Markup Language
XPointer XML Pointer language
XSD XML Schema
...