General Information

Abstract

This document describes the procedures to prepare plutonium sources and to measure the activity ratio of 238Pu to (239Pu + 240Pu) by alpha spectrometry. The alpha spectrometry method is used for the determination of isotopic abundance of 238Pu in combination with isotope-amount ratios determined by mass spectrometry after a preliminary separation of plutonium from uranium and fission products which eliminates the possible isobaric interferences of 238U in the latter method. It is applied to the analysis of purified solutions of plutonium in 2 mol/l to 4 mol/l of nitric acid containing 50 µg to 200 µg of plutonium per millilitre, as can result from the chemical treatment and purification preceding plutonium isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry. This document is applied to plutonium solutions free from 241Am and those containing less than 10 % of other non-volatile impurities relative to the plutonium content. Otherwise purification is carried out in accordance with ISO 8299. The methods provided in this document are intended for use in conjunction or in parallel with mass spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of plutonium in spent-fuel solutions or nuclear-grade plutonium products.

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
6000 - International Standard under publication
Start Date
28-Aug-2026
Completion Date
26-Sep-2026

Buy Documents

Draft

ISO/FDIS 11483 - Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry

Release Date:18-Jun-2026
English language (16 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

REDLINE ISO/FDIS 11483 - Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry

Release Date:18-Jun-2026
English language (16 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

ISO/FDIS 11483 - Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des sources de plutonium et détermination du rapport isotopique 238Pu/239Pu par spectrométrie alpha

Release Date:11-Jul-2026
French language (18 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off

Overview

ISO 11483: Nuclear fuel technology - Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry is an international standard published by ISO outlining procedures for the preparation of plutonium sources and the precise measurement of their isotope ratios using alpha spectrometry. Applicable to purified plutonium solutions derived from nuclear fuel processing, the standard provides methodological guidance for laboratories involved in nuclear material characterization, safeguards, and quality control of plutonium isotopic composition. Notably, ISO 11483 ensures the accurate determination of the 238Pu/(239Pu+240Pu) activity ratio, effectively complementing mass spectrometry and addressing potential analytical interferences from uranium isotopes.

Key Topics

  • Source Preparation: The standard describes three practical, rapid procedures for preparing plutonium sources suitable for alpha spectrometric analysis. These include both drop deposition and electrodeposition techniques, ensuring sample readiness while maintaining safety and minimizing contamination.
  • Alpha Spectrometry Analysis: ISO 11483 details the process of measuring the activity ratio of 238Pu to (239Pu + 240Pu) via alpha spectrometry. This analytical method supports high-precision isotope abundance determination crucial for nuclear fuel management and safeguards.
  • Interference Elimination: The method ensures that interference from 238U, which can complicate mass spectrometry readings, is eliminated, enhancing measurement reliability.
  • Sample Specifications: The procedures apply to solutions containing 50–200 micrograms of plutonium per millilitre, dissolved in 2–4 mol/l nitric acid, arising from standard chemical purification workflows in nuclear facilities.
  • Uncertainty Evaluation: The standard includes approaches for evaluating measurement uncertainty, supporting robust and defensible analytical results.

Applications

ISO 11483 is essential across various sectors within the nuclear industry:

  • Nuclear Fuel Cycle Laboratories: Enables accurate assessment of plutonium isotopic composition, critical for reactor fuel reprocessing and waste management.
  • Nuclear Safeguards and Security: Supports regulatory bodies and facility operators in verifying declared isotopic content, thereby aiding in non-proliferation efforts and international nuclear material accountancy.
  • Analytical Chemistry Services: Laboratories specializing in radiochemical measurements employ these standardized methods to produce reliable, comparable, and traceable results that meet regulatory and contractual requirements.
  • Quality Assurance in Nuclear Material Production: Manufacturers and processors of nuclear grade plutonium benefit from standardized source preparation and measurement methods to ensure product consistency and regulatory compliance.

Related Standards

Several international standards complement the procedures and principles in ISO 11483, helping stakeholders build robust nuclear analytical capabilities:

  • ISO 8299: Specifies methods for purification of plutonium, a prerequisite for optimum alpha spectrometry results as referenced in ISO 11483.
  • ISO 9698: Addresses the determination of tritium content in water - relevant to radiochemical laboratories.
  • ISO/TC 85: Covers additional related standards for nuclear energy, radiological protection, and nuclear fuel cycle.
  • IAEA and ASTM Standards: Other international bodies offer parallel guidance for actinide analysis, source preparation, and radiation measurement quality assurance practices.

By implementing ISO 11483, laboratories and organizations handling nuclear materials can achieve industry best practices for plutonium isotope ratio determination, foster alignment with global nuclear quality systems, and support regulatory and non-proliferation objectives. For organizations seeking consistent, precise, and interference-free plutonium isotopic measurements, ISO 11483 stands as a key reference standard in nuclear fuel technology.

Relations

Effective Date
18-Jan-2025

Buy Documents

Draft

ISO/FDIS 11483 - Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry

Release Date:18-Jun-2026
English language (16 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

REDLINE ISO/FDIS 11483 - Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry

Release Date:18-Jun-2026
English language (16 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

ISO/FDIS 11483 - Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des sources de plutonium et détermination du rapport isotopique 238Pu/239Pu par spectrométrie alpha

Release Date:11-Jul-2026
French language (18 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off

Get Certified

Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard

DNV

DNV is an independent assurance and risk management provider.

NA Norway Verified

Lloyd's Register

Lloyd's Register is a global professional services organisation specialising in engineering and technology.

UKAS United Kingdom Verified

DNV Energy Systems

Energy and renewable energy certification.

NA Norway Verified

Sponsored listings

Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 11483 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry". This standard covers: This document describes the procedures to prepare plutonium sources and to measure the activity ratio of 238Pu to (239Pu + 240Pu) by alpha spectrometry. The alpha spectrometry method is used for the determination of isotopic abundance of 238Pu in combination with isotope-amount ratios determined by mass spectrometry after a preliminary separation of plutonium from uranium and fission products which eliminates the possible isobaric interferences of 238U in the latter method. It is applied to the analysis of purified solutions of plutonium in 2 mol/l to 4 mol/l of nitric acid containing 50 µg to 200 µg of plutonium per millilitre, as can result from the chemical treatment and purification preceding plutonium isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry. This document is applied to plutonium solutions free from 241Am and those containing less than 10 % of other non-volatile impurities relative to the plutonium content. Otherwise purification is carried out in accordance with ISO 8299. The methods provided in this document are intended for use in conjunction or in parallel with mass spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of plutonium in spent-fuel solutions or nuclear-grade plutonium products.

This document describes the procedures to prepare plutonium sources and to measure the activity ratio of 238Pu to (239Pu + 240Pu) by alpha spectrometry. The alpha spectrometry method is used for the determination of isotopic abundance of 238Pu in combination with isotope-amount ratios determined by mass spectrometry after a preliminary separation of plutonium from uranium and fission products which eliminates the possible isobaric interferences of 238U in the latter method. It is applied to the analysis of purified solutions of plutonium in 2 mol/l to 4 mol/l of nitric acid containing 50 µg to 200 µg of plutonium per millilitre, as can result from the chemical treatment and purification preceding plutonium isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry. This document is applied to plutonium solutions free from 241Am and those containing less than 10 % of other non-volatile impurities relative to the plutonium content. Otherwise purification is carried out in accordance with ISO 8299. The methods provided in this document are intended for use in conjunction or in parallel with mass spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of plutonium in spent-fuel solutions or nuclear-grade plutonium products.

ISO 11483 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 27.120.30 - Fissile materials and nuclear fuel technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 11483 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 11483:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO 11483 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 11483
ISO/TC 85/SC 5
Nuclear fuel technology —
Secretariat: BSI
Preparation of plutonium sources
238 239
Voting begins on:
and determination of Pu/ Pu
2026-07-02
isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry
Voting terminates on:
2026-08-27
Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des sources
238 239
de plutonium et détermination du rapport isotopique Pu/ Pu
par spectrométrie alpha
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en) © ISO 2026

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 11483
ISO/TC 85/SC 5
Nuclear fuel technology —
Secretariat: BSI
Preparation of plutonium sources
238 239
Voting begins on:
and determination of Pu/ Pu
isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry
Voting terminates on:
Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des sources
238 239
de plutonium et détermination du rapport isotopique Pu/ Pu
par spectrométrie alpha
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Source preparation . 3
7.1 General .3
7.2 Source preparation by drop deposition .3
[2]
7.2.1 Source preparation on electrochemically polished stainless-steel disc .3
[3]
7.2.2 Source preparation on porcelain disc .3
[4] [5]
7.3 Source preparation by electrodeposition  .4
8 Alpha spectrometry . . 4
8.1 Measurement .4
8.2 Spectra evaluation.4
8.2.1 General .4
[9]
8.2.2 Geometric-progression decrease method .5
8.2.3 Exponential decrease method .7
9 Expression of results . 8
10 Interference of americium . 8
11 Uncertainty evaluation . 9
12 Interferences . 9
Annex A (informative) Combined standard uncertainty evaluation .10
Bibliography .16

iii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear installations, processes and technologies.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11483:2005), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— normative references and Terms and definitions have been added in Clause 2 and Clause 3;
— chemical reagents and apparatus have been listed as independent clauses;
— resolution of the alpha spectra, Repeatability and Reproducibility have been deleted;
— uncertainty evaluation has been added in Clause 11;
— the data in Table 1 have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11483 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources
238 239
and determination of Pu/ Pu isotope ratio by alpha
spectrometry
1 Scope
This document describes the procedures to prepare plutonium sources and to measure the activity
238 239 240
ratio of Pu to ( Pu + Pu) by alpha spectrometry. The alpha spectrometry method is used for the
determination of isotopic abundance of Pu in combination with isotope amount ratios determined by
mass spectrometry after a preliminary separation of plutonium from uranium and fission products which
eliminates the possible isobaric interferences of U in the latter method. It is applied to the analysis of
purified solutions of plutonium in 2 mol/l to 4 mol/l of nitric acid containing 50 µg to 200 µg of plutonium
per millilitre, as can result from the chemical treatment and purification preceding plutonium isotopic
analysis by mass spectrometry.
This document is applied to plutonium solutions free from Am and those containing less than 10 % of
other non-volatile impurities relative to the plutonium content. Otherwise purification is carried out in
[1]
accordance with ISO 8299 .
The methods provided in this document are intended for use in conjunction or in parallel with mass
spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of plutonium in spent-fuel solutions or nuclear-grade plutonium
products.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Principle
Appropriate amount of plutonium solution is mixed with a wetting agent on an electrochemically polished
stainless-steel disc or glazed porcelain disc and then dried. The dried residue is heated to red heat in
flame or on an electric burner to produce a thin and carrier-free source. Alternatively the plutonium is
electrodeposited as hydrous oxide from a buffered, slightly acidic aqueous solution onto a stainless-steel
disc.
The source is measured by alpha spectrometry with a semiconductor detector.
238 239 240 238
The spectrum is processed to obtain the activity ratio of Pu to ( Pu + Pu). The tailing of the Pu
peak is corrected by the “geometric-progression decrease” method or exponential extrapolation method.
238 239 240 239
The isotope amount ratio Pu/ Pu is calculated using the isotope amount ratio Pu/ Pu determined
by mass spectrometry.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Ethanol.
5.2 Colourless varnish.
5.3 Tetraethylene glycol.
5.4 Nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l.
5.5 Ammonium sulfate solution, c[(NH ) SO ] = 0,1 mol/l, pH = 2,5.
4 2 4
5.6 Ammonium hydroxide, ω(NH OH) = 25 % to 28 %.
5.7 Acetone.
6 Apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following shall be used.
6.1 Electrochemically polished discs, 316 stainless steel, about 25 mm in diameter and 0,5 mm thick.
6.2 Piston pipette, with a capacity of 10 µl, with disposable tip.
6.3 Infrared lamp, with a power of 250 W.
6.4 Burner, Bunsen burner or electric burner.
6.5 Glazed porcelain disc, about 29 mm in diameter and 5,5 mm in thickness. A circular recess of 8,5 mm
diameter and 1 mm in depth shall be provided in the centre of the disc to receive the sample solution, which
defines the source area. The glazing shall not melt below 1 000 °C.
6.6 Hotplate, with a maximum temperature of 250 °C.
6.7 Muffle furnace, controllable to 1 000 °C and equipped with a removable quartz boat or tube, with a
length of 100 mm to 200 mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The boat shall be wide enough to accept the porcelain
discs.
6.8 Device for electroplating, with an adjustable current of up to 300 mA/cm of area of deposition.
6.9 Disposable electroplating cell, with capacity of 10 ml and a diameter compatible with the diameter
of the stainless-steel discs (6.1).
6.10 Pt-anode.
6.11 Alpha spectrometer, configured with vacuum chamber, which can provide pressures of 5 Pa or less,
and with Si detector of surface barrier passivated or ion-implanted , whose energy resolution (FWHM) is 20
keV or better.
The detector shall be mounted in the vacuum chamber at a distance of about 1,5 times the diameter of the
source from the alpha source.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
-1
The background count rate between 3 MeV and 7 MeV is less than 0,01 s .
Energy calibration of the spectrometer is carried out using an alpha source containing mixed nuclides that
emit alpha particles with different energies prior to measurement.
7 Source preparation
7.1 General
The source should be thin. Its thickness should not significantly limit the alpha peak resolution. Two methods
can be used for preparation the source: drop deposition or electrodeposition.
The sources shall be prepared in a fume cupboard or a glove box designed for work with alpha emitting
radioisotopes.
7.2 Source preparation by drop deposition
[2]
7.2.1 Source preparation on electrochemically polished stainless-steel disc
7.2.1.1 Clean the disc (6.1) with ethanol (5.1).
7.2.1.2 Draw a circular rim, of about 12 mm in diameter, on the polished surface of the disc with varnish
(5.2) and let it dry.
NOTE An artist's brush can be useful for this operation.
7.2.1.3 Pipette 10 µl of tetraethylene glycol (5.3) inside the circular rim.
7.2.1.4 Replace the pipette tip and pipette 10 µl of the sample solution inside the circular rim.
7.2.1.5 Gently heat the disc under an infrared lamp (6.3) or over the flame of Bunsen burner (6.4). The
solution should be evaporated slowly, without boiling.
7.2.1.6 When the disc is dry, transfer the disc on electric burner (6.4) or introduce the disc into the
reducing zone of the Bunsen burner flame, and bring the source to a dull red heat for approximately 30 s.
7.2.1.7 Allow the disc to cool to the ambient temperature. The source is ready for measurement.
[3]
7.2.2 Source preparation on porcelain disc
7.2.2.1 Clean the surface of the porcelain disc (6.5) using a tissue paper moistened with ethanol (5.1).
7.2.2.2 Pipette 10 µl of tetraethylene glycol (5.3) into the recess in the centre of the porcelain disc and
spread it with the pipette tip over the entire surface of the recess.
7.2.2.3 Replace the pipette tip and pipette 10 µl of the sample solution into the recess in the centre of
the disc, previously moistened with tetraethylene glycol (5.3); mix both solutions well with the tip of the
pipette.
7.2.2.4 Place the porcelain disc on the hotplate (6.6), set the temperature to 100 °C and warm it up for 1 h;
then increase the temperature to 150 °C for another hour; after 2 h, the disc should be dry.

ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
7.2.2.5 Introduce the porcelain disc into the quartz tube or boat of the muffle furnace (6.7), set the
temperature control to 850 °C and ignite at this temperature for 20 min; the furnace reaches 850 °C in about
20 min.
7.2.2.6 Switch off the furnace and allow it cool for about 20 min before removing the source. The source is
ready for measurement.
[4] [5]
7.3 Source preparation by electrodeposition
7.3.1 Add 5 ml of a 0,1 mol/l ammonium sulfate solution (5.5) into the electrodeposition cell (6.9).
7.3.2 Transfer 10 µl of the Pu solution to the cell. Insert the Pt anode (6.10) into the electrolyte, and keep
the distance between the disc and Pt anode to be about 5 mm.
7.3.3 Connect the mirror-polished stainless-steel disc cathode and the platinum anode, respectively.
The anode may be either rotating or stationary. If a stationary anode is used, the end of anode should be
cylindrical or spiral with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the deposition area.
7.3.4 Start the electrodeposition by maintaining a voltage of 10 V to 20 V with a current density
sufficient to reach approximately 300 mA/cm of deposition area.
7.3.5 Run the deposition for about 1 h.
7.3.6 Before stopping the electrodeposition, add 1 ml of ammonium hydroxide (5.6).
7.3.7 Remove the electrical connections and wash the electrodeposited source with water and ethanol
(5.1) or acetone (5.7) and then allow to dry.
7.3.8 Wash the Pt electrode thoroughly with concentrated nitric acid (5.4). Always use a fresh cell for a
new source.
8 Alpha spectrometry
8.1 Measurement
8.1.1 Place the source in the vacuum chamber and pump until a vacuum of about 5 Pa is obtained. Then set
the detector voltage to the value recommended by the manufacturer.
8.1.2 Record the spectrum of alpha particle radiat
...


ISO/DISFDIS 11483
ISO/TC 85/SC 5
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2026-05-08xx
Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and
determination of 238Pu/239Pu238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha
spectrometry
Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des sources de plutonium et détermination du rapport
isotopique 238Pu/239Pu238Pu/239Pu par spectrométrie alpha
DISFDIS stage
VVVVVVVVVVoooooooooottttttttttiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnng bg bg bg bg bg bg bg bg bg beeeeeeeeeegigigigigigigigigiginsnsnsnsnsnsnsnsnsns on o o o o o o o o on:n:n:n:n:n:n:n:n:: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2020202020202020202025555555555----------11111111112222222222----------18181818181818181818
VoVoVoVoVoVoVoVoVoVottttttttttinininininininininingggggggggg   te  teteteteteteteteterrrrrrrrrrminminminminminminminminminminaaaaaaaaaatetetetetetetetetetessssssssss o o o o o o o o o onnnnnnnnnn:::::::::: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2000000000026222222222666666666----------00000000003333333333----------11111111112222222222

ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Source preparation . 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Source preparation by drop deposition . 3
[4][5]
7.3 Source preparation by electrodeposition . 4
8 Alpha spectrometry . 4
8.1 Measurement . 4
8.2 Spectra evaluation . 5
9 Expression of results . 8
10 Interference of americium . 9
11 Uncertainty evaluation . 9
12 Interferences . 9
Annex A (informative) Combined standard uncertainty evaluation . 11
Bibliography . 17

iii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this
may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear installations, processes and technologies.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11483:2005), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Normativenormative references and Terms and definitions have been added in Clause 2Clause 2 and
Clause 3Clause 3;;
— Chemicalchemical reagents and Apparatusapparatus have been listed as independent clauses;
— Resolutionresolution of the alpha spectra, Repeatability and Reproducibility have been deleted;
— Uncertaintyuncertainty evaluation has been added in Clause 11Clause 11;;
— Thethe data in Table 1Table 1 have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11483 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and
determination of 238Pu/239Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry
1 Scope
This document describes the procedures to prepare plutonium sources and to measure the activity ratio of
238 239 240
Pu to ( Pu + Pu) by alpha spectrometry. The alpha spectrometry method is used for the determination
of isotopic abundance of Pu in combination with isotope amount ratios determined by mass spectrometry
after a preliminary separation of plutonium from uranium and fission products which eliminates the possible
isobaric interferences of U in the latter method. It is applied to the analysis of purified solutions of
plutonium in 2 mol/l to 4 mol/l of nitric acid containing 50 µg to 200 µg of plutonium per millilitre, as maycan
result from the chemical treatment and purification preceding plutonium isotopic analysis by mass
spectrometry.
This document is applied to plutonium solutions free from Am and those containing less than 10 % of other
non-volatile impurities relative to the plutonium content. Otherwise purification should beis carried out in
[1]
accordance with ISO 8299 .
The methods provided in this document are intended for use in conjunction or in parallel with mass
spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of plutonium in spent-fuel solutions or nuclear-grade plutonium
products.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
Appropriate amount of plutonium solution is mixed with a wetting agent on an electrochemically polished
stainless-steel disc or glazed porcelain disc and then dried. The dried residue is heated to red heat in flame or
on an electric burner to produce a thin and carrier-free source. Alternatively the plutonium is electrodeposited
as hydrous oxide from a buffered, slightly acidic aqueous solution onto a stainless-steel disc.
The source is measured by alpha spectrometry with a semiconductor detector.
238 239 240 238
The spectrum is processed to obtain the activity ratio of Pu to ( Pu + Pu). The tailing of the Pu peak
is corrected by the “geometric-progression decrease” method or exponential extrapolation method.
238 239 240 239
The isotope amount ratio Pu/ Pu is calculated using the isotope amount ratio Pu/ Pu determined by
mass spectrometry.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Ethanol.
5.2 Colourless varnish.
5.3 Tetraethylene glycol.
5.4 Nitric acid
5.55.4 , c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l.
5.6 Ammonium sulphatesulfate solution
5.75.5 , c(([(NH ) SO )] = 0,1 mol/l ,, pH = 2,5.
4 2 4
5.8 Ammonium hydroxide
5.95.6 , ω(NH OH) = 25 % ~to 28 %.
5.105.7 Acetone.
6 Apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following shall be used.
6.1 Electrochemically polished discs
6.26.1 , 316 stainless steel, about 25 mm in diameter and 0,5 mm thick.
6.3 Piston pipette
6.46.2 Capacity, with a capacity of 10 µl, with disposable tip.
6.5 Infrared lamp
6.66.3 With, with a power of 250 W.
6.7 Burner
6.86.4 , Bunsen burner or electric burner.
6.9 Glazed porcelain disc
6.106.5 About, about 29 mm in diameter and 5,5 mm in thickness. A circular recess of 8,5 mm
diameter and 1 mm in depth shall be provided in the centre of the disc to receive the sample solution, which
defines the source area. The glazing shall not melt below 1 000 °C.
6.11 Hotplate
6.126.6 With, with a maximum temperature of 250 °C.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
6.13 Muffle furnace
6.146.7 Controllable, controllable to 1 000 °C and equipped with a removable quartz boat or tube,
with a length of 100 mm to 200 mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The boat shall be wide enough to accept the
porcelain discs.
6.15 Device for electroplating
6.166.8 With, with an adjustable current of up to 300 mA/cm of area of deposition.
6.17 Disposable electroplating cell
6.186.9 With, with capacity of 10 ml and a diameter compatible with the diameter of the stainless-
steel discs (6.1).
6.196.10 Pt-anode.
6.20 Alpha spectrometer
6.216.11 Configured, configured with vacuum chamber, which can provide pressures of 5 Pa or less,
and with Si detector of surface barrier passivated or ion-implanted , whose energy resolution (FWHM) is
20 keV or better.
The detector shall be mounted in the vacuum chamber at a distance of about 1,5 times the diameter of the
source from the alpha source.
-1
The background count rate between 3 MeV and 7 MeV is less than 0.,01 s .
Energy calibration of the spectrometer is carried out using an alpha source containing mixed nuclides that
emit alpha particles with different energies prior to measurement.
7 Source preparation
7.1 General
The source should be thin. Its thickness should not significantly limit the alpha peak resolution. Two methods
couldcan be used for preparation the source: drop deposition or electrodeposition.
The sources shall be prepared in a fume cupboard or a glove box designed for work with alpha emitting
radioisotopes.
7.2 Source preparation by drop deposition
[2]
7.2.1 Source preparation on electrochemically polished stainless-steel disc
7.2.1.1 Clean the disc (6.1) with ethanol (5.1).
Field Code Changed
7.2.1.2 Draw a circular rim, of about 12 mm in diameter, on the polished surface of the disc with varnish
(5.2) and let it dry.
NOTE An artist's brush can be useful for this operation.
7.2.1.3 Pipette 10 µl of tetraethylene glycol (5.3) inside the circular rim.
7.2.1.4 Replace the pipette tip and pipette 10 µl of the sample solution inside the circular rim.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
7.2.1.5 Gently heat the disc under an infrared lamp (6.3) or over the flame of Bunsen burner (6.4). The
solution should be evaporated slowly, without boiling.
7.2.1.6 When the disc is dry, transfer the disc on electric burner (6.4),) or introduce the disc into the
reducing zone of the Bunsen burner flame, and bring the source to a dull red heat for approximately 30 s.
7.2.1.7 Allow the disc to cool to the ambient temperature. The source is ready for measurement.
[3]
7.2.2 Source preparation on porcelain disc
7.2.2.1 Clean the surface of the porcelain disc (6.5) using a tissue paper moistened with ethanol (5.1).
Field Code Changed
7.2.2.2 Pipette 10 µl of tetraethylene glycol (5.3) into the recess in the centre of the porcelain disc and
spread it with the pipette tip over the entire surface of the recess.
7.2.2.3 Replace the pipette tip and pipette 10 µl of the sample solution into the recess in the centre of the
disc, previously moistened with tetraethylene glycol (5.3;); mix both solutions well with the tip of the pipette.
7.2.2.4 Place the porcelain disc on the hotplate (6.6), set the temperature to 100 °C and warm it up for 1 h;
then increase the temperature to 150 °C for another hour; after 2 h, the disc should be dry.
7.2.2.5 Introduce the porcelain disc into the quartz tube or boat of the muffle furnace (6.7), set the
temperature control to 850 °C and ignite at this temperature for 20 min; the furnace reaches 850 °C in about
20 min.
7.2.2.6 Switch off the furnace and allow it cool for about 20 min before removing the source. The source is
ready for measurement.
[4][5]
7.3 Source preparation by electrodeposition
7.3.1 Add 5 ml of a 0,1 mol/l ammonium sulfate solution (5.5) into the electrodeposition cell (6.9).
7.3.2 Transfer 10 µl of the Pu solution to the cell. Insert the Pt anode (6.10) into the electrolyte, and keep
the distance between the disc and Pt anode to be about 5 mm.
7.3.3 Connect the mirror-polished stainless-steel disc cathode and the platinum anode, respectively. The
anode may be either rotating or stationary. If a stationary anode is used, the end of anode should be cylindrical
or spiral with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the deposition area.
7.3.4 Start the electrodeposition by maintaining a voltage of 10 V to 20 V with a current density sufficient to
reach approximately 300 mA/cm of deposition area.
7.3.5 Run the deposition for about 1 h.
7.3.6 Before stopping the electrodeposition, add 1 ml of ammonium hydroxide (5.6).
Field Code Changed
7.3.7 Remove the electrical connections and wash the electrodeposited source with water and ethanol (5.1)
or acetone (5.7) and then allow to dry.
7.3.8 Wash the Pt electrode thoroughly with concentrated nitric acid (5.4). Always use a fresh cell for a new
source.
8 Alpha spectrometry
8.1 Measurement
8.1.1 Place the source in the vacuum chamber and pump until a vacuum of about 5 Pa is obtained. Then set
the detector voltage to the value recommended by the manufacturer.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
8.1.2 Record the spectrum of alpha particle radiation, collecting whenever the count in the smaller of the
238 239 240
two peak groups [corresponding to Pu or ( Pu + Pu) peaks] reaches at least 500 000. The spectrum
recorded in the semi-logarithmic scale shall be similar to the one presented in Figure 1. The upper energy
sides of the two peak groups shall be smooth, while the lower energy sides shall decrease monotonically,
except for the two small peaks indicated in Figure 1. At mid-height, the 5,5 MeV peak of Pu shall have a
width of 20 keV or less. The counts per channel in the valley between the two groups shall be no greater than
1 % of the counts at the Pu peak top.
8.2 Spectra evaluation
8.2.1 General
[6][7][8]
A number of computer software have been developed to perform elaborate evaluations of alpha spectra .
Some can be used on personal computers.
Very simple models are very efficient for accurately correcting the tailing of the Pu peak, as long as the
spectrum is well resolved and the tailing is small.
The following assumptions are then generally applicable:
a) single alpha peaks all have the same shape;
b) the tails are the sum of the tailings of all single peaks of higher energies;
c) in the flat portion of the tail, peak tailing contributions are proportional to the corresponding peak areas.
The above assumptions form the basis of the procedures which are described in 8.2.2 and 8.2.3below .
[9]
8.2.2 Geometric-progression decrease method
8.2.2.1 The method involves two assumptions:
238 239 240
— the self absorption of the alpha particles of Pu, Pu and Pu is the same;
— the counts in the tail of a peak decrease in geometric progression.
Its main features are as follows:
238 239 240
a) equal intervals of integration are selected for the Pu and ( Pu + Pu) peaks;
b) each interval is selected to include all the relevant single peaks which contribute at least 0,05 % of the
total activity of the group of interest;
238 238 241
c) the intervals of integration of the Pu peaks include only contributions from Pu (and Am) isotopes;
239 240 242 241
d) the interval of integration of the ( Pu + Pu) peaks excludes all the major Pu and Pu peaks;
242 241
e) tail-contribution estimates also exclude the contributions of the major Pu and Pu peaks and the
minor Pu peak at 5,358 1 MeV.
8.2.2.2 Divide the plutonium alpha spectrum into four regions: A, B, C and D, each region having an equal
number of channels (see Figure 1).
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
Key
X energy, in MeV
a
regionRegion.
Figure 1 — Example of alpha spectrum
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(en)
A
8.2.2.3 Select the high-energy end of region A: E max = 5,499 0 MeV + FWHM, where FWHM(MeV) is the full
width at half-maximum (expressed in mega electron volts) for the Pu peak at the energy 5,499 0 MeV.
A A
8.2.2.4 Fix the low-energy end of the region A: E = E - 0,265 8 MeV.
min max
B B
8.2.2.5 Select the high-energy and the low energy ends of region B: E = 5,168 1 MeV + FWHM and E
max min
B
= E max – 0,265 8 MeV.
C C
8.2.2.6 Select the high-energy and low-energy ends of the region C: E max = 4,858 2 MeV - FWHM and E min
C
= E max - 0,265 8 MeV.
D B A C D
8.2.2.7 Select the high-energy and low-energy ends of the region D: E = E - (E - E ) and E =
max max max max min
D
E - 0,265 8 MeV.
max
8.2.2.8 The interval width 0,265 8 MeV is the energy interva
...


PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 11483
ISO/TC 85/SC 5
Technologie du combustible
Secrétariat: BSI
nucléaire — Préparation
Début de vote:
des sources de plutonium et
2026-07-02
détermination du rapport
Vote clos le:
238 239
isotopique Pu/ Pu par
2026-08-27
spectrométrie alpha
Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and
238 239
determination of Pu/ Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr) © ISO 2026

PROJET FINAL
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 11483
ISO/TC 85/SC 5
Technologie du combustible
Secrétariat: BSI
nucléaire — Préparation
Début de vote:
des sources de plutonium et
2026-07-02
détermination du rapport
Vote clos le:
238 239
isotopique Pu/ Pu par
2026-08-27
spectrométrie alpha
Nuclear fuel technology — Preparation of plutonium sources and
238 239
determination of Pu/ Pu isotope ratio by alpha spectrometry
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2026 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr) © ISO 2026

ii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 1
5 Réactifs . 2
6 Appareillage . 2
7 Préparation de la source . 3
7.1 Généralités .3
7.2 Préparation de la source par dépôt de gouttes .3
7.2.1 Préparation de la source sur un disque d'acier inoxydable électrochimiquement
[2]
poli .3
[3]
7.2.2 Préparation de la source sur disque de porcelaine .3
[4][5]
7.3 Préparation de la source par électrodéposition .4
8 Spectrométrie alpha . 4
8.1 Mesurage .4
8.2 Dépouillement du spectre .5
8.2.1 Généralités .5
[9]
8.2.2 Méthode de la progression géométrique décroissante .5
8.2.3 Méthode de la décroissance exponentielle .7
9 Expression des résultats . 8
10 Interférence de l'américium . 8
11 Évaluation de l'incertitude. 9
12 Interférences . 9
Annexe A (informative) Évaluation de l'incertitude standard combinée .10
Bibliographie . 17

iii
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité
de tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO [avait/
n'avait pas] reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application.
Toutefois, il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des
informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à
l’adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou
partie de tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 85, Énergie nucléaire, technologies
nucléaires, et radioprotection, sous-comité SC 5, Installations nucléaires, procédés et technologies.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 11483:2005), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— des références normatives et des termes et définitions ont été ajoutés dans les Articles 2 et 3;
— les réactifs chimiques et l'appareillage ont été répertoriés comme des articles indépendants;
— les paragraphes concernant la résolution des spectres alpha, la répétabilité et la reproductibilité ont été
supprimés;
— l'évaluation de l'incertitude a été ajoutée à l'Article 11;
— les données du Tableau 1 ont été mises à jour.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 11483 peut être consultée sur le site de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
Technologie du combustible nucléaire — Préparation des
sources de plutonium et détermination du rapport isotopique
238 239
Pu/ Pu par spectrométrie alpha
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document décrit les modes opératoires pour préparer des sources de plutonium et mesurer le
238 239 240
rapport des activités du Pu et du ( Pu + Pu) par spectrométrie alpha. La méthode de spectrométrie
alpha est utilisée pour déterminer l’abondance isotopique du Pu en combinaison avec les rapports de
quantité d'isotopes déterminés par spectrométrie de masse après une séparation préalable du plutonium, de
l'uranium et des produits de fission, ce qui élimine les interférences isobariques possibles du U dans cette
dernière méthode. Elle s’applique à l’analyse de solutions purifiées de plutonium en milieu acide nitrique
2 mol/l à 4 mol/l et contenant de 50 µg à 200 µg de plutonium par millilitre, comme cela peut être le cas avec
les traitements chimiques et de purification précédant l’analyse isotopique du plutonium par spectrométrie
de masse.
Le présent document s'applique aux solutions de plutonium exemptes de Am et à celles contenant moins
de 10 % d'autres impuretés non volatiles par rapport à la teneur en plutonium. Dans le cas contraire, la
[1]
purification est réalisée conformément à l'ISO 8299 .
Les méthodes fournies dans le présent document sont prévues pour un usage combiné ou parallèle à la
spectrométrie de masse pour l’analyse isotopique du plutonium dans les solutions de combustibles irradiés
ou pour les produits à base de plutonium de qualité nucléaire.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions
Aucun terme n’est défini dans le présent document.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Principe
Une quantité appropriée de solution de plutonium est mélangée à un agent mouillant sur un disque d'acier
inoxydable poli électrochimiquement ou sur un disque de porcelaine glacée, puis séchée. Le résidu séché
est chauffé à la flamme jusqu'au rouge cerise ou sur un brûleur électrique pour produire une source fine et
exempte de résidu de matrice. Le plutonium peut également être électrodéposé en tant qu’oxyde hydraté à
l’aide d’une solution tamponnée légèrement acide sur un disque d’acier inoxydable.
La source est mesurée par spectrométrie alpha avec un détecteur à semi-conducteur.
238 239 240
Le spectre est traité pour obtenir le rapport d'activité des isotopes Pu et ( Pu + Pu). La traînée du pic
Pu est corrigée par la méthode de progression géométrique décroissante ou une méthode d’extrapolation
exponentielle.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
238 239
Le rapport des quantités isotopiques Pu/ Pu est calculé en utilisant le rapport des quantités isotopiques
240 239
Pu/ Pu déterminé par spectrométrie de masse.
5 Réactifs
Utiliser uniquement des réactifs de qualité analytique reconnue et de l’eau distillée ou de pureté équivalente.
5.1 Éthanol.
5.2 Vernis incolore.
5.3 Tétraéthylène glycol.
5.4 Acide citrique,c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l.
5.5 Solution de sulfate d'ammonium,c[(NH ) SO ] = 0,1 mol/l, pH = 2,5.
4 2 4
5.6 Hydroxyde d'ammonium,ω(NH OH) = 25 % à 28 %.
5.7 Acétone.
6 Appareillage
L’appareillage courant d’un laboratoire, notamment les éléments suivants doivent être utilisés.
6.1 Disques polis électrochimiquement. en acier inoxydable 316, d'un diamètre d'environ 25 mm et
d'une épaisseur de 0,5 mm.
6.2 Pipette à piston, d'une capacité de 10 µl, avec embout jetable.
6.3 Lampe infrarouge, avec une puissance de 250 W.
6.4 Brûleur, bec Bunsen ou brûleur électrique.
6.5 Disque de porcelaine glacée, de 29 mm de diamètre environ et 5,5 mm d'épaisseur. Un renfoncement
circulaire de 8,5 mm de diamètre et de 1 mm de profondeur et définissant la surface de la source doit exister
au centre du disque pour recevoir la solution d’échantillon. Le glaçage ne doit pas fondre au-dessous de
1 000 °C.
6.6 Plaque chauffante, avec une température maximale de 250 °C.
6.7 Four à moufle, pouvant être contrôlé à 1 000 °C et équipé d'une nacelle ou d'un tube en quartz
amovible, d'une longueur de 100 mm à 200 mm et d'un diamètre de 30 mm. La nacelle doit être assez large
pour recevoir les disques de porcelaine.
6.8 Appareil d’électrodéposition, avec une densité de courant ajustable jusqu'à 300 mA/cm de surface
de dépôt.
6.9 Cellule d’électrodéposition jetable, de 10 ml de capacité et de diamètre compatible avec le diamètre
des disques en acier inoxydable (6.1).
6.10 Anode de platine.
ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
6.11 Spectromètre alpha, configuré avec une chambre à vide, qui peut fournir des pressions de 5 Pa ou
moins, et avec un détecteur au Si à barrière de surface passivée ou à ions implantés, de résolution en énergie
(FWHM) de 20 keV ou mieux.
Le détecteur doit être monté dans la chambre à vide à une distance d'environ 1,5 fois le diamètre de la source
par rapport à la source alpha.
−1
Le taux de comptage du bruit de fond entre 3 MeV et 7 MeV est inférieur à 0,01 s .
L'étalonnage énergétique du spectromètre est effectué à l'aide d'une source alpha contenant des nucléides
mixtes qui émettent des particules alpha de différentes énergies avant la mesure.
7 Préparation de la source
7.1 Généralités
Il convient que la source soit mince. Il convient que son épaisseur ne limite pas de manière significative la
résolution du pic alpha. Deux méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour préparer la source: le dépôt de gouttes
ou l'électrodéposition.
Les sources doivent être préparées sous une hotte ventilée ou dans une boîte à gants conçue pour travailler
avec des radio-isotopes émetteurs alpha.
7.2 Préparation de la source par dépôt de gouttes
[2]
7.2.1 Préparation de la source sur un disque d'acier inoxydable électrochimiquement poli
7.2.1.1 Nettoyer le disque (6.1) avec de l'éthanol (5.1).
7.2.1.2 Tracer un anneau circulaire, d'environ 12 mm de diamètre sur la surface polie du disque avec le
vernis (5.2) et laisser sécher.
NOTE Un pinceau d'artiste peut être pratique pour cette opération.
7.2.1.3 Pipetter 10 µl de tétraéthylène glycol (5.3) à l'intérieur de l'anneau circulaire.
7.2.1.4 Changer l'embout de la pipette et pipetter 10 µl de la solution d'échantillon à l'intérieur de l'anneau
circulaire.
7.2.1.5 Chauffer doucement le disque sous une lampe infrarouge (6.3) ou à la flamme d'un bec Bunsen
(6.4). Il convient que la solution s'évapore lentement, sans bouillir.
7.2.1.6 Lorsque le disque est sec, le transférer sur un brûleur électrique (6.4), ou l'introduire dans la zone
réductrice de la flamme du bec Bunsen, et porter la source au rouge sombre pendant environ 30 secondes.
7.2.1.7 Laisser le disque refroidir à la température ambiante. La source est maintenant prête pour les
mesures.
[3]
7.2.2 Préparation de la source sur disque de porcelaine
7.2.2.1 Nettoyer la surface du disque de porcelaine (6.5) à l'aide d'un tissu de papier imbibé d'éthanol (5.1).
7.2.2.2 Pipetter 10 µl de tétraéthylène glycol (5.3) dans le renfoncement au centre du disque de porcelaine
et l'étaler avec l'embout de la pipette sur toute la surface du renfoncement.

ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
7.2.2.3 Changer l'embout de la pipette et pipetter 10 µl de la solution d'échantillon dans le renfoncement
au centre du disque, préalablement humidifié avec du tétraéthylène glycol; bien mélanger les deux solutions
avec l'embout de la pipette.
7.2.2.4 Placer le disque de porcelaine sur la plaque chauffante (6.6), régler la température à 100 °C et le
faire chauffer pendant 1 heure; puis augmenter la température à 150 °C pendant une autre heure; après
2 heures, il convient que le disque soit sec.
7.2.2.5 Introduire le disque de porcelaine dans le tube de quartz ou la nacelle du four à moufle (6.7),
régler la température à 850 °C et calciner à cette température pendant 20 minutes; le four atteint 850 °C en
20 minutes environ.
7.2.2.6 Arrêter le four et le laisser refroidir pendant environ 20 minutes avant de retirer la source. La
source est prête pour les mesures.
[4][5]
7.3 Préparation de la source par électrodéposition
7.3.1 Ajouter 5 ml de solution de sulfate d'ammonium 0,1 mol/l (5.5) dans la cellule d'électrodéposition (6.9).
7.3.2 Transférer 10 µl de la solution de Pu dans la cellule. Insérer l'anode de Pt (6.10) dans l'électrolyte et
maintenir une distance d'environ 5 mm entre le disque et l'anode Pt.
7.3.3 Connecter respectivement la cathode à disque en acier inoxydable poli miroir et l'anode en platine.
L'anode peut être rotative ou fixe. Si une anode fixe est utilisée, il convient que l'extrémité de l'anode soit
cylindrique ou en spirale avec un diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui de la surface de dépôt.
7.3.4 Démarrer l'électrodéposition en maintenant une tension de 10 V à 20 V avec une densité de courant
suffisante pour atteindre environ 300 mA/cm de surface de dépôt.
7.3.5 Continuer le dépôt pendant environ 1 heure.
7.3.6 Avant d'arrêter l'électrodéposition, ajouter 1 ml d'hydroxyde d'ammonium (5.6).
7.3.7 Enlever les connexions électriques et laver la source électrodéposée avec de l'eau et de l'éthanol (5.1)
ou de l'acétone (5.7), puis laisser sécher.
7.3.8 Laver soigneusement l'électrode de platine avec de l'acide nitrique (5.4) concentré. Utiliser toujours
une nouvelle cellule pour une nouvelle source.
8 Spectrométrie alpha
8.1 Mesurage
8.1.1 Introduire la source dans la chambre à vide et pomper jusqu’à obtenir un vide d’environ 5 Pa. Régler
ensuite la tension du détecteur à la valeur recommandée par le fabricant.
8.1.2 Enregistrer le spectre du rayonnement des particules alpha, en le collectant chaque fois que le
238 239
nombre de coups dans le plus petit des deux groupes de pics [correspondant aux pics Pu ou ( Pu +
Pu)] atteint au moins 500 000. Le spectre enregistré en échelle semi-logarithmique doit être similaire
à celui présenté à la Figure 1. Les côtés des énergies les plus élevées des deux groupes de pics doivent être
lisses, alors que les côtés des énergies plus faibles doivent décroître de façon monotone à l’exception des
deux petits pics indiqués à la Figure 1 À mi-hauteur, le pic de 5,5 MeV du Pu doit avoir une largeur de

ISO/FDIS 11483:2026(fr)
20 keV ou moins. Le nombre de coups par canal dans la vallée entre les deux groupes ne doit pas dépasser
1 % du nombre de coups au sommet du pic Pu.
8.2 Dépouillement du spectre
8.2.1 Généralités
[6][7]
De nombreux logiciels de calculs ont été développés pour réaliser le dépouillement des spectres alpha.
[8]
Certains peuvent être utilisés sur des ordinateurs de bureau.
Des modèles très simples sont très efficaces pour corriger précisément la traînée du pic Pu, tant que le
spectre
...