ISO 37105:2019

Sustainable cities and communities — Descriptive framework for cities and communities

This document specifies a descriptive framework for a city including an associated foundational ontology of the anatomical structure of a city or community. The descriptive framework is intended to have the following qualities: — timeless, i.e. compatible with any human settlement at any time in history; — acultural, i.e. valid for any culture and any type of city; — scalable, i.e. valid for a metropolis, a city, a small town or a village; — generic, so that everything we could define as a "human settlement", such as a "smart city", has a place in this structure.

Développement durable des collectivités — Cadre descriptif pour les villes et les collectivités

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Nov-2019
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268 - Sustainable cities and communities
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268 - Sustainable cities and communities
• Current Stage: 9020 - International Standard under periodical review
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 37105
ISO/TC 268 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-07-09 2018-10-01
Sustainable cities and communities — Descriptive
framework for cities and communities
Développement durable des collectivités — Cadre descriptif pour les villes et les collectivités
ICS: 13.020.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Descriptive Framework of Cities and Communities . 2
4.1 General description of the City . 2
4.2 Cities as Ecosystems . 2
4.3 How the Descriptive Framework supports governance and transformation . 3
4.4 Basic elements of the Descriptive Framework for Cities and Communities . 3
4.4.1 Structure (system) . 3
4.4.2 Interactions (system) . 4
4.4.3 Society (system) . 4
4.5 Structure (system) . 4
4.5.1 Environment . 4
4.5.2 Infrastructures . 5
4.5.3 Built Domain . 10
4.5.4 The Three Subsystems of the Structure . 11
4.6 Interactions (system) . 11
4.6.1 Functions . 11
4.6.2 Economy . 11
4.6.3 Culture . 11
4.6.4 Information . 12
4.7 Society (system) . 13
4.7.1 Citizens . 13
4.7.2 Government . 13
5 A Foundation Ontology for the Descriptive Framework of Cities and Communities . 13
5.1 The Descriptive Framework as a Basis for the City Anatomy Ontology . 13
5.2 Ontologies taxonomies and controlled vocabularies . 13
5.3 Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Foundation Ontology Design Principles . 14
5.3.1 Basic Competency Questions of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy
Foundation Ontology (CAO) . 15
5.3.2 Strategic Design Objectives of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Ontology
(CAO) . 15
5.3.3 The city as a “system of systems” . 16
5.4 Structure system . 18
5.4.1 Environment . 19
5.4.2 Infrastructures . 20
5.4.3 Built domain . 22
5.5 Interactions system . 24
5.5.1 City Indicators . 27
5.6 Society system . 30
5.7 City Dynamics as City Processes. 34
Annex A (informative) Applying the Descriptive Framework to Core Organizing Activities
for Cities: Governance, Evaluation, and Transformation . 37
A.1 Governance . 37
A.2 Evaluation . 38
A.3 City Transformation and Knowledge Sharing . 39
iii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
Annex B (informative) Developing guidelines for multi-purpose public spaces with
physiological performance described by the Descriptive Framework . 41
B.1 Elaboration of the Descriptive Framework City Anatomy Ontology Classes . 43
B.2 Elaboration of the CAO Classes (in the Descriptive Framework) . 43
B.2.1 The city as a system of systems . 43
B.2.2 The Structure system . 44
B.2.3 The Interactions system. 49
B.2.4 The Society system . 53
B.2.5 City dynamics and City processes . 54
Bibliography . 57
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
1 Foreword
2 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
3 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
4 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
5 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
6 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
7 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
8 electrotechnical standardization.
9 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
10 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
11 different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
12 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
13 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
14 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
15 patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
16 the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
17 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
18 constitute an endorsement.
19 For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
20 expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
21 Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
22 www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
23 This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Smart and Sustainable Cities and
24 Communities.
25 This is the first edition of this standard.
26 A list of all parts in the ISO 37100 series can be found on the ISO website.
v © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 37105:2018(E)
27 Introduction
28 The Descriptive Framework for Cities and Communities detailed in this document helps city and
29 community stakeholders define a common language to describe cities and communities. This Framework
30 can facilitate the sharing of ideas, data and solutions within, and also between, cities. The Descriptive
31 Framework, which can also be referred to as the city anatomy, serves as a basic blueprint to facilitate the
32 integration of operating systems and services within a city or community. Ultimately, the Descriptive
33 Framework can be the basis of a formal ontology—or knowledge model—which can be useful for helping
34 to plan and implement city operating solutions, particularly for those cities operating solutions and
35 services that may require digital machine-readable information.
36 A city or community is a system of systems and interactions that fosters emergent human behaviour. It
37 can be seen as an arrangement of, and set of relationships between, the multiple layers of a permanent
38 human settlement, with an administrative and legal status supported by laws and generally recognized
39 throughout the world. Rather than being static, discreet entities, cities or communities often have porous
40 and sometimes ambiguous borders (politically, economically, environmentally, and socially) and can thus
41 often be difficult to describe. The structure, interactions, and societal aspects of a city or community are
42 also integral parts of all wider systems of systems extending beyond the city borders. However, more
43 than half the world’s population now lives in cities or communities and many of humanity’s chronic
44 challenges are faced in cities or communities. A common descriptive framework for cities o
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37105
First edition
2019-11
Sustainable cities and communities —
Descriptive framework for cities and
communities
Développement durable des collectivités — Cadre descriptif pour les
villes et les collectivités
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptive framework of cities and communities . 2
4.1 General description of a city . 2
4.2 Cities as ecosystems . 4
4.3 How the descriptive framework supports governance and transformation . 4
4.4 Basic elements of the descriptive framework for cities and communities . 4
4.4.1 Structure (system). 4
4.4.2 Interactions (system) . 5
4.4.3 Society (system) . 5
4.5 Structure (system) . 5
4.5.1 Environment . 5
4.5.2 Infrastructures . 6
4.5.3 Built domain .12
4.5.4 The three subsystems of the structure .13
4.6 Interactions (system) .13
4.6.1 Introduction .13
4.6.2 Functions .13
4.6.3 Economy .13
4.6.4 Culture .14
4.6.5 Information.14
4.7 Society (system) .15
4.7.1 Introduction .15
4.7.2 Citizens .15
4.7.3 Government .15
5 A foundation ontology for the descriptive framework of cities and communities .15
5.1 The descriptive framework as a basis for the city anatomy ontology (CAO) .15
5.2 Ontologies taxonomies and controlled vocabularies .15
5.3 Descriptive framework city anatomy foundation ontology design principles .16
5.3.1 Introduction .16
5.3.2 Basic competency questions of the descriptive framework foundation CAO .17
5.3.3 Strategic design objectives of the descriptive framework CAO .17
5.3.4 The city as a “system of systems” .18
5.4 Structure system .20
5.4.1 Introduction .20
5.4.2 Environment .21
5.4.3 Infrastructures .21
5.4.4 Built domain .24
5.5 Interactions system .27
5.5.1 Introduction .27
5.5.2 City indicators .30
5.6 Society subsystem .33
5.7 City dynamics as city processes .35
Annex A (informative) Applying the descriptive framework to core organizing activities for
cities: governance, evaluation, and transformation .38
Annex B (informative) Developing guidelines for multipurpose public spaces with
physiological performance described by the descriptive framework .42
Bibliography .54
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The descriptive framework for cities and communities detailed in this document helps city and
community stakeholders define a common language to describe cities and communities. This
framework can facilitate the sharing of ideas, data and solutions within, and also between, cities. The
descriptive framework, which can also be referred to as the city anatomy, serves as a basic blueprint to
[4],[5]
facilitate the integration of operating systems and services within a city or community . Ultimately,
the descriptive framework can be the basis of a formal ontology, or knowledge model, which can be
useful for helping to plan and implement city operating solutions, particularly those that might require
digital machine-readable information.
A city or community is a system of systems and interactions that foster and are fostered by emergent
[6]
human behaviour . It can be seen as an arrangement of, and set of relationships between, the multiple
layers of a permanent human settlement, with an administrative and legal status supported by laws
and generally recognized throughout the world. Rather than being static, discreet entities, cities
or communities often have porous and sometimes ambiguous borders (politically, economically,
environmentally and socially) and can thus often be difficult to describe. The structure, interactions and
societal aspects of a city or community are also integral parts of all wider systems extending beyond
the city borders. However, more than half the world’s population now lives in cities or communities
and many of humanity’s chronic challenges are faced in cities or communities. A common descriptive
framework for cities or communities is a useful tool to assist them in sharing knowledge and finding
solutions to issues common to cities or communities all over the world.
Solutions to the issues cities face are intended to improve the quality of life for all city citizens and
follow sustainable development principles. These principles dictate that the solutions to city issues
implemented today do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) issued in 2015 resolve this relatively abstract
[7]
ideal into more tangible objectives. The UNSDG Goal 11 provides these objectives for cities, creating
10 targets for improving the quality of life for citizens and the city’s resiliency, while also limiting the
impact of human activity on the environment. Tools su
...