ISO/DIS 21498

Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Electrical tests for voltage class B components

Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique -- Essais électriques pour des composants ayant une tension de classe B

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21498
ISO/TC 22/SC 37 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-08-17 2018-11-09
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Electrical tests for
voltage class B components

Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Essais électriques pour des composants ayant une tension de

classe B
ICS: 43.120
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21498:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018
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ISO/DIS 21498:2018(E)
ISO DIS 21498:2018
28 Contents

29 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

30 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

31 1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7

32 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................................... 7

33 3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 7

34 4 General assumptions for voltage class B-Network ................................................................................... 9

35 4.1 The d.c. voltage class B system ................................................................................................................................ 9

36 4.2 HV components ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

37 5 Tests and requirements ................................................................................................................................... 12

38 5.1 Test parameters and general test requirements ........................................................................................... 12

39 5.2 Direct current supply voltage ............................................................................................................................... 15

40 5.3 Generated voltage slope .......................................................................................................................................... 18

41 5.4 Present voltage slope ................................................................................................................................................ 21

42 5.5 Generated voltage ripple ......................................................................................................................................... 23

43 5.6 Present voltage ripple .............................................................................................................................................. 27

44 5.7 Overvoltage ................................................................................................................................................................... 29

45 5.8 Undervoltage ................................................................................................................................................................ 32

46 5.9 Voltage offset ............................................................................................................................................................... 34

47 5.10 Generated load dump ............................................................................................................................................... 37

48 6 Documentation ................................................................................................................................................... 42

49 Annex A (informative) Calculation Example of the voltage change rate for load dump ................... 43

50 Annex B (informative) Operating temperature ranges ................................................................................ 44

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2018 51 Annex C (informative) Testing at Different Temperatures ......................................................................... 45

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

52 Annex D (informative) Applicable Table ........................................................................................................... 46

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

53 Annex X (tbd) Artificial Network .......................................................................................................................... 50

ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva

54 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Phone: [phone]
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Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved © ISO – All rights reserved 3
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
28 Contents

29 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

30 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

31 1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7

32 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................................... 7

33 3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 7

34 4 General assumptions for voltage class B-Network ................................................................................... 9

35 4.1 The d.c. voltage class B system ................................................................................................................................ 9

36 4.2 HV components ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

37 5 Tests and requirements ................................................................................................................................... 12

38 5.1 Test parameters and general test requirements ........................................................................................... 12

39 5.2 Direct current supply voltage ............................................................................................................................... 15

40 5.3 Generated voltage slope .......................................................................................................................................... 18

41 5.4 Present voltage slope ................................................................................................................................................ 21

42 5.5 Generated voltage ripple ......................................................................................................................................... 23

43 5.6 Present voltage ripple .............................................................................................................................................. 27

44 5.7 Overvoltage ................................................................................................................................................................... 29

45 5.8 Undervoltage ................................................................................................................................................................ 32

46 5.9 Voltage offset ............................................................................................................................................................... 34

47 5.10 Generated load dump ............................................................................................................................................... 37

48 6 Documentation ................................................................................................................................................... 42

49 Annex A (informative) Calculation Example of the voltage change rate for load dump ................... 43

50 Annex B (informative) Operating temperature ranges ................................................................................ 44

51 Annex C (informative) Testing at Different Temperatures ......................................................................... 45

52 Annex D (informative) Applicable Table ........................................................................................................... 46

53 Annex X (tbd) Artificial Network .......................................................................................................................... 50

54 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 54

© ISO – All rights reserved 3
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
56 Foreword

57 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

58 standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

59 carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a

60 technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

61 International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

62 the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

63 matters of electrotechnical standardization.

64 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

65 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

66 different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

67 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives

68 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

69 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

70 any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

71 on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents

72 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

73 constitute an endorsement.

74 For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity

75 assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical

76 Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information

77 The committee responsible for this document is TC ISO/22/SC37.
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
78 Introduction

79 Nowadays, the market size of electric propulsion vehicles and their components is expanding over the

80 world. In accordance with this popularization, to establish various types of standards for developing the

81 equipment has gotten largely required. First specifications and requirements for sub-classes of voltage

82 class B are given in ISO PAS 19295. The existing Standard ISO 16750-2 on electrical tests of automotive

83 components covers only equipment used for voltage class A. It is not suitable to apply on components

84 for electric propulsion system operating at high voltage known as voltage class B because there are

85 differences of working conditions and requirements between low and high voltage systems.

86 This Standard provides electrical tests for electric and electronic components at voltage class B used for

87 electrically propelled road vehicles. The tests are described in a general way. Examples for optional

88 component specific adaptations are given in the Annex.

89 When considering contents of this Standard, normal conditions of components from usual driving

90 status have to be simulated as testing operations. Class B systems experience normal operation at a

91 wide voltage range as well as rapid d.c. voltage increase and decrease due to specific operating

92 conditions. Additional to this an a.c. voltage overlay caused by switching semiconductors inside

93 components has to be taken into account. To guarantee stable operation of class B systems, its

94 components have not only to meet the required robustness against such effects but also to limit e.g. the

95 a.c. voltage they generate.

96 Furthermore deviations from normal operation have to be addressed. Such deviations can occur

97 intentionally or may be caused by a fault. For example, an abrupt voltage change known as load dump

98 caused by switching off electric loads is considered to be a part of this standard.

99 Voltage class B components may have a class A terminal handled by ISO 16750-2. Currently, the

100 influence of the voltage class B by load variation of Class A is very small. Therefore, no tests have to be

101 considered at present. But in the future, it is expected that DCDC converter will supply the electric

102 power from voltage Class A to voltage class B the so-called “bidirectional conversion”. As soon as this

103 technology reaches a maturity, adding of respective tests might be necessary.

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ISO DIS 21498:2018
104 Electrically propelled road vehicles — Electrical tests for voltage
105 class B components
106 1 Scope

107 This Standard applies to electric and electronic components used for electrically propelled road

108 vehicles. It applies to components including electric power sources and loads connected to voltage class

109 B electric circuit of an electric propulsion system. The standard focuses on the behaviour at the d.c.

110 voltage class B terminals of these components.

111 The standard describes testing methods, test conditions and test requirements for components exposed

112 to electrical behaviour at a d.c. voltage class B electric circuit, caused by operation of electric loads and

113 power sources.
114 This standard does not cover electrical safety (see ISO 6469, ISO 17409).
115 2 Normative references

116 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

117 indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

118 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

119 ISO PAS 19295:2016, Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Specification of voltage sub-classes for voltage

120 class B
121 3 Terms and definitions

122 For the purposes of this document the definitions in ISO TR 8713 and the following terms and

123 definitions apply.

124 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

125 ̶ IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
126 ̶ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
127 3.1
128 component operating status

129 describes the general functional behaviour of components which depend directly on the voltage in

130 voltage class B electric circuits
131 3.2
132 customer
133 party that is interested in using voltage class B component or system
134 3.3
135 electric circuit

136 entire set of interconnected live parts through which electrical current is designed to flow under normal

137 operating conditions
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
138 3.4
139 electric propulsion system maximum working voltage

140 highest value of d.c. voltage that can occur in an electric propulsion system under any normal operating

141 conditions according to the customer's specifications, disregarding transients

142 3.5
143 generator mode
144 electric power is provided by the component
145 3.6
146 maximum working voltage

147 highest value of a.c. voltage (rms) or of d.c. voltage that can occur in an electric system under any

148 normal operating condition according to the customer's specifications, disregarding transients

149 Note 1 to entry: In this definition taken from ISO 6469-3, transients includes ripple.

150 3.7
151 rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)

152 system that stores energy for delivery of electric power and which is rechargeable

153 EXAMPLE to entry Batteries, capacitors, etc.
154 3.8
155 ripple

156 set of unwanted periodic deviations with respect to the average value of the measured or supplied

157 quantity, occurring at frequencies which can be related to that of components within a system

158 3.9
159 supplier
160 party that provides voltage class B component or system
161 3.10
162 transient

163 pertaining to or designating a phenomenon or a quantity which varies between two consecutive steady

164 states during a time interval short compared with the time-scale of interest
165 3.11
166 voltage class A

167 classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum working voltage of less than 30 V a.c.

168 (rms) or 60 V d.c.
169 NOTE 1 to entry: Values for voltage class A are taken from ISO/DIS 6469-3.
170 3.12
171 voltage class B

172 classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum working voltage between 30 V a.c.

173 (rms) and 1000 V a.c. (rms) or between 60 V d.c. and 1500 V d.c.
174 3.13
175 upper voltage limit
176 maximum voltage of a voltage class B sub-class
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ISO DIS 21498:2018

177 Note 1 to entry: Maximum working voltages within a voltage sub-class are less than or equal to the voltage limit.

178 3.14
179 voltage range

180 general term covering voltage sub-class, working voltages and deviations from working voltages

181 3.15
182 voltage sub-class

183 classification of an electric component or circuit with a d.c. voltage within the voltage class B

184 3.16
185 working voltage

186 a.c. voltage (rms) or d.c. voltage that can occur in an electric system under normal operating conditions

187 according to the customer’s specifications, disregarding transients

188 Note 1 to entry: In this definition taken from ISO 6469-3, transients include ripple.

189 4 List of Abbreviations
190 DUT device under test
191 EV electrically propelled road vehicle
192 HV high voltage
193 LISN line impedance stabilization network
194 OS operating status
195 RT room temperature
196 5 General assumptions for voltage class B-Network
197 5.1 The d.c. voltage class B system

198 The d.c. voltage class B system in electrically propelled road vehicles consists of electric components

199 and the wiring harness to connect the components. Its main parts are the electric energy source and the

200 electric drive. The primary function of the d.c. voltage class B system is the supply of electric energy to

201 propel the EV. Other functions are charging of an RESS, supply of voltage class A electric circuits and

202 auxiliary components.

203 The main energy flow in the d.c. voltage class B system is caused by the electric drive, the energy source

204 and an external d.c. power supply if any. Besides the high current load also transients and ripple in the

205 system mostly originate from these components. Therefore they have major influence on the design of

206 the d.c. voltage class B system. Within this standard transients and ripples, which are generated by a

207 single component, are referred to as “generated transient” and “generated ripple”. Transients and

208 ripples within this class B system, which the components of the system are exposed to, are referred to

209 as “present transient” and “present ripple”.
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ISO DIS 21498:2018

210 An example of a voltage class B system is shown in Figure 1. The actual configuration of the voltage

211 class B electric circuit of the electric propulsion system and its conductively connected auxiliary electric

212 components is vehicle specific and specified by the customer.
213
214 Figure 1 - Example of an electric system for an EV
215 5.2 HV components

216 Figure 2 shows a generalized view on a voltage class B component. Some of the connections shown may

217 not be available with all voltage class B components. The specifications and descriptions of voltages for

218 a component shall apply in this standard to the voltage at its terminals “HV+” and “HV-“ if not otherwise

219 stated.

220 A voltage class B component may have multiple interfaces of each type of voltage (Voltage class B d.c.,

221 voltage class B a.c., voltage class A, according to Figure 2). For example a d.c./d.c. converter may

222 interface to two voltage class B electric circuits.

223 A HV component may have different voltage class B d.c. terminals. The tests described in this document

224 shall be fulfilled for each of these terminals.
10 © ISO – All rights reserved
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
225
226 Key
227 d.c. voltage class B connection:
228 1 HV+
229 2 HV-
230 Secondary voltage class B connection:
231 3 e.g. electric motor
232 4 e.g. a.c. or d.c. power net
233 Voltage class A connections:
234 5 Voltage class A power
235 6 I/O and bus signals
236 7 Terminal with direct connection to battery minus or ground
237 Equipotential bonding:
238 8 Electrical chassis
239 Internal galvanic separation:
240 9 Galvanic separation between voltage class A and voltage class B circuits
241 Figure 2 - Generalized voltage class B component diagram

242 For the purpose of testing Figure 3 summarizes the voltage operating ranges and OS of a voltage class B

243 component at its voltage class B d.c. voltage terminals according to ISO PAS 19295. The overvoltage

244 limit, the upper voltage limit and the lower voltage limit are properties of the component. Each voltage

245 class B component shall have a voltage range within it can be operated in full performance (unlimited

246 operating capability) and in which all designated functions, including short-time overload operations

247 shall be available. According to ISO PAS 19295 components operating within this voltage range are in

248 OS1.

249 Above a maximum voltage a component may reduce its performance as specified. This maximum

250 voltage is called the “maximum unlimited operating voltage” (Umax_unlimited_op). The component shall

251 provide its upper limited operating capability until the upper voltage limit (U ) is reached.

upper_limit
252 According to ISO PAS 19295 the component operates in OS2.

253 Above the upper voltage limit (U ) the component may derate or cut-off its performance for self-

upper_limit

254 protection. The component shall withstand this overvoltage until the overvoltage limit (U ) is

over_limit

255 reached. In this case the component operates in OS3 or OS4 according to ISO PAS 19295.

256 A component shall perform in OS1 until the supply voltage drops to the “minimum unlimited operating

257 voltage” (U ). Between this voltage and the “lower voltage limit” (U ) the component

min_unlimited_op lower_limit

258 may reduce its performance as specified. In this case, the component performs in OS2 according to ISO

259 PAS 19295.
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ISO DIS 21498:2018

260 If the supply voltage is below the lower voltage limit (U ) the component may derate or cut-off its

lower_limit

261 performance. In this case the component operates in OS3 or OS4 according to ISO PAS 19295.

262
263 Figure 3 - Component OS at voltage operating ranges
264 6 Tests and requirements
265 6.1 Test parameters and general test requirements
266 6.1.1 Purpose

267 This chapter describes specification of test parameters including tolerances and general test

268 requirements. Frequency, time and voltage levels used for the tests are introduced.

269 6.1.2 Test setup

270 The DUT shall provide appropriate interfaces and loads to achieve representative operation and

271 characteristics. Measurement of voltages shall be performed at the voltage class B terminals of the DUT.

12 © ISO – All rights reserved
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
272 6.1.3 Voltages
273 Table 1 – Voltages used
Test parameter Value
U Overvoltage limit
over_limit
U Upper voltage limit
upper_limit
U Lower voltage limit
lower_limit
U Maximum voltage for unlimited operating capability
max_unlimited_op
U Nominal voltage for unlimited operating capability
nom_unlimited_op
U Minimum voltage for unlimited operating capability
min_unlimited_op
Voltage defined in ISO PAS 19295

See Figure 3 for illustration. The unlimited operating capability is defined in ISO PAS 19295

274

275 The nominal voltage for unlimited operating capability shall be calculated as follows:

𝑈 = (𝑈 + 𝑈 ) ÷ 2

𝑛𝑜𝑚_𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑_𝑜𝑝 𝑚𝑎𝑥_𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑_𝑜𝑝 𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑_𝑜𝑝

276 6.1.4 Temperatures
277 Table 2 - Abbreviations for temperatures
Test parameter Value
T Minimum operating temperature
min
T Maximum operating temperature
max
T Test temperature
test
T Coolant temperature
cool
T Highest coolant temperature
cool,high
T Lowest coolant temperature
cool,low
278
279 Temperature classification is shown in Annex B.

280 If the electric tests are performed at different temperature levels, Annex C gives guidance how to

281 perform these tests.
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
282 6.1.5 Times and durations
283 Table 3 - Abbreviations for times/durations
Test parameter Value
t Rise time (e.g., of a voltage profile)
t Fall time (e.g., of a voltage profile)
t Hold time (e.g., of a voltage profile)
t Test duration
test
284
285 6.1.6 Standard tolerances

286 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerances in accordance with Table 4 apply with accuracy as shown in

287 Table 5

288 Tolerances refer to the required setting value. Tolerances of the component measurement shall not lead

289 to an OS change.
290 Table 4 - Standard tolerances for test equipment
Test parameter Value
d.c. voltage value ± 0,2 % of U
upper_limit
Amplitude of a.c. voltage value - 0 % to +5 % relating to the specified value
Frequency of a.c. voltage ± 1 %
Resistance ± 5 %
Inductance and capacitance ± 10 %
Time/duration -0 % to + 5 %

The specified value is given in the test description. The amplitude may not be smaller than the given value.

291
292 Table 5 - Accuracy of measurement
Test parameter Value
Voltage measurement ± 0,5 % of U
upper_limit
Current measurement ± 1 % or 100 mA, whichever is greater
293
294 6.1.7 Ambient conditions
295 Unless otherwise specified, the values in accordance with Table 6 apply.
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ISO DIS 21498:2018
296 Table 6 – Test conditions
Test parameter Value
RT T = 23 °C ± 5 °C
Relative Humidity 25 % to 75 %
Test temperature T = T
test RT
Coolant temperature T = T
cool RT
RT shall be used if temperature has no impact
297
298 6.1.8 Sampling rates and measured value resolutions

299 Sampling rate and/or bandwidth and resolution of the measuring system shall be adapted for the

300 respective test. This standard contains tests concerning d.c. operation only and tests concerning a.c.

301 characteristics within a frequency range from 10 Hz to 150 kHz.
302 6.1.9 Parameter monitoring
303 All additional parameters to be monitored shall be defined for the relevant
...