ISO 19108:2002
(Main)Geographic information — Temporal schema
Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19108:2002 defines concepts for describing temporal characteristics of geographic information. It depends upon existing information technology standards for the interchange of temporal information. It provides a basis for defining temporal feature attributes, feature operations, and feature associations, and for defining the temporal aspects of metadata about geographic information. Since this International Standard is concerned with the temporal characteristics of geographic information as they are abstracted from the real world, it emphasizes valid time rather than transaction time.
Information géographique — Schéma temporel
Geografske informacije - Časovna shema
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2003
*HRJUDIVNHLQIRUPDFLMHýDVRYQDVKHPD
Geographic information -- Temporal schema
Information géographique -- Schéma temporel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19108:2002
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19108
First edition
2002-09-01
Geographic information — Temporal
schema
Information géographique — Schéma temporel
Reference number
©
ISO 2002
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2002
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Conformance classes and requirements. 1
2.2 Application schemas for data transfer. 1
2.3 Application schemas for data with operations . 1
2.4 Feature catalogues. 1
2.5 Metadata element specifications . 1
2.6 Metadata for data sets . 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms. 2
4.1 Terms and definitions. 2
4.2 Abbreviated terms. 6
5 Conceptual schema for temporal aspects of geographic information. 6
5.1 Structure of the schema . 6
5.2 Geometry of time. 7
5.2.1 Time as a dimension. 7
5.2.2 Temporal objects. 7
5.2.3 Temporal geometric primitives. 8
5.2.4 Temporal topological objects . 13
5.3 Temporal reference systems . 16
5.3.1 Types of temporal reference systems. 16
5.3.2 Calendars and clocks. 17
5.3.3 Temporal coordinate systems. 19
5.3.4 Ordinal temporal reference systems. 20
5.4 Temporal position. 21
5.4.1 Introduction. 21
5.4.2 TM_Position. 21
5.4.3 TM_TemporalPosition. 21
5.4.4 Position referenced to calendar and clock. 23
5.4.5 Position referenced to a temporal coordinate system. 23
5.4.6 Position referenced to an ordinal temporal reference system.24
5.5 Time and components of geographic information . 24
5.5.1 Temporal aspects of geographic information components . 24
5.5.2 Temporal feature attributes. 25
5.5.3 Temporal feature operations. 26
5.5.4 Time and feature associations. 27
5.5.5 Temporal metadata elements. 29
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 31
A.1 Application schemas for data transfer. 31
A.2 Application schemas for data with operations . 31
A.3 Feature catalogues. 31
A.4 Metadata element specifications . 32
A.5 Metadata for data sets . 32
Annex B (informative) Use of time in application schemas . 33
B.1 Temporal feature attributes. 33
B.1.1 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a data type . 33
B.1.2 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a temporal attribute . 33
B.1.3 TM_TopologicalComplex as an attribute . 34
B.1.4 Recurring attribute values. 34
B.2 Temporal feature associations. 35
B.2.1 Simple temporal associations. 35
B.2.2 Feature succession. 36
B.3 Feature associations with temporal characteristics. 37
Annex C (normative) Describing temporal reference systems in metadata. 38
C.1 Metadata for temporal reference systems . 38
Annex D (informative) Description of calendars. 41
D.1 Internal structure of calendars. 41
D.2 Describing a calendar. 42
D.3 Examples. 43
D.3.1 Julian calendar. 43
D.3.2 Modern Japanese calendar . 44
D.3.3 Ancient Babylonian calendar . 45
D.3.4 Global Positioning System calendar. 47
Bibliography. 48
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19108 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
Annexes A and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes B and D are for information only.
Introduction
This International Standard defines the standard concepts needed to describe the temporal characteristics of
geographic information as they are abstracted from the real world. Temporal characteristics of geographic
information include feature attributes, feature operations, feature associations, and metadata elements that take a
value in the temporal domain.
The wid
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19108
First edition
2002-09-01
Geographic information — Temporal
schema
Information géographique — Schéma temporel
Reference number
©
ISO 2002
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2002
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Conformance classes and requirements. 1
2.2 Application schemas for data transfer. 1
2.3 Application schemas for data with operations . 1
2.4 Feature catalogues. 1
2.5 Metadata element specifications . 1
2.6 Metadata for data sets . 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms. 2
4.1 Terms and definitions. 2
4.2 Abbreviated terms. 6
5 Conceptual schema for temporal aspects of geographic information. 6
5.1 Structure of the schema . 6
5.2 Geometry of time. 7
5.2.1 Time as a dimension. 7
5.2.2 Temporal objects. 7
5.2.3 Temporal geometric primitives. 8
5.2.4 Temporal topological objects . 13
5.3 Temporal reference systems . 16
5.3.1 Types of temporal reference systems. 16
5.3.2 Calendars and clocks. 17
5.3.3 Temporal coordinate systems. 19
5.3.4 Ordinal temporal reference systems. 20
5.4 Temporal position. 21
5.4.1 Introduction. 21
5.4.2 TM_Position. 21
5.4.3 TM_TemporalPosition. 21
5.4.4 Position referenced to calendar and clock. 23
5.4.5 Position referenced to a temporal coordinate system. 23
5.4.6 Position referenced to an ordinal temporal reference system.24
5.5 Time and components of geographic information . 24
5.5.1 Temporal aspects of geographic information components . 24
5.5.2 Temporal feature attributes. 25
5.5.3 Temporal feature operations. 26
5.5.4 Time and feature associations. 27
5.5.5 Temporal metadata elements. 29
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 31
A.1 Application schemas for data transfer. 31
A.2 Application schemas for data with operations . 31
A.3 Feature catalogues. 31
A.4 Metadata element specifications . 32
A.5 Metadata for data sets . 32
Annex B (informative) Use of time in application schemas . 33
B.1 Temporal feature attributes. 33
B.1.1 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a data type . 33
B.1.2 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a temporal attribute . 33
B.1.3 TM_TopologicalComplex as an attribute . 34
B.1.4 Recurring attribute values. 34
B.2 Temporal feature associations. 35
B.2.1 Simple temporal associations. 35
B.2.2 Feature succession. 36
B.3 Feature associations with temporal characteristics. 37
Annex C (normative) Describing temporal reference systems in metadata. 38
C.1 Metadata for temporal reference systems . 38
Annex D (informative) Description of calendars. 41
D.1 Internal structure of calendars. 41
D.2 Describing a calendar. 42
D.3 Examples. 43
D.3.1 Julian calendar. 43
D.3.2 Modern Japanese calendar . 44
D.3.3 Ancient Babylonian calendar . 45
D.3.4 Global Positioning System calendar. 47
Bibliography. 48
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19108 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
Annexes A and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes B and D are for information only.
Introduction
This International Standard defines the standard concepts needed to describe the temporal characteristics of
geographic information as they are abstracted from the real world. Temporal characteristics of geographic
information include feature attributes, feature operations, feature associations, and metadata elements that take a
value in the temporal domain.
The widespread application of computers and geographic information systems has led to the increased analysis of
geospatial data within multiple disciplines. Geographic information is not confined to a three-dimensional spatial
domain. Many geographic information systems require data with temporal characteristics. A standardized
conceptual schema for temporal characteristics will increase the ability of geographic information to be used for
certain types of applications such as simulations and predictive modelling.
As a fundamental physical reality, time is of interest to the whole range of scientific and technical disciplines. Many
of the concepts described in this International Standard are applicable outside of the field of geographic
information. ISO/TC 211 does not intend
...
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