ISO 20474-3:2017

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders

ISO 20474-3:2017 used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-3:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-3:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

Engins de terrassement — Sécurité — Partie 3: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jul-2017
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Parallel Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 15 - Machinery for forestry
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 06-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 20474-3:2008 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders
• Effective Date: 03-Nov-2011

Overview

ISO 20474-3:2017 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for loaders - is a type‑C ISO safety standard that specifies machine‑family specific safety requirements for loaders (see ISO 6165). Designed to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1 (general requirements), the Part 3 requirements take precedence where they differ. The standard addresses significant hazards during commissioning, operation and maintenance for machines built on or after its publication (not applicable to machines manufactured before 2017).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability: Applies to self‑propelled wheeled and tracked loaders (including compact, skid‑steer and swing loaders) and derivative applications.
• Operator protection and controls
  • Compact loaders with front access must have lifting/movement/attachment controls automatically secured or deactivated when the operator leaves/enters the compartment.
  • Side guarding to prevent operator access to trapping zones between lift arms and fixed parts while seated.
  • Front protection for the operator’s lower limbs if lift arms/attachments pass within 1.5 m forward of the SIP (seat index point); minimum front protective structure height 200 mm.
  • Rear windows (except compact loaders) require a motorised wiper and washer.
• Stability and rated operating capacity
  • Rated operating capacity shall be determined per ISO 14397-1 (with specific modifications for some applications).
  • Bucket volumetric rating per ISO 7546; bucket capacity and material density must be considered.
  • Fork applications: specified stability factors (e.g., wheel loaders on rough terrain 60% of tipping load, firm level ground 80%); skid‑steer wheel loaders limited to 50% and tracked skid‑steer loaders to 35%.
  • Log handling: defined stability percentages for wheel and crawler loaders (e.g., wheel loader rough terrain 75%, firm 85%).
  • Single heavy objects: load‑centre distance tables provided (examples: up to 100 kN → D = 600 mm).
• Information for use: Manufacturers must publish rated operating capacities and operating conditions for each application type.

Practical applications

• Ensures safe design and operation of loaders used in construction, quarrying, forestry and material‑handling.
• Guides machine designers, OEMs and attachment manufacturers on guarding, control interlocks and stability testing.
• Provides specifications for labeling, operator manuals, and capacity charts used by fleet managers and site safety personnel.

Who should use this standard

• Loader manufacturers and designers
• Attachment and coupling suppliers
• Safety engineers, compliance officers and test laboratories
• Certification bodies and technical regulators
• Fleet managers and maintenance teams seeking conformity to international safety practice

Related standards

• ISO 20474-1 (General requirements)
• ISO 6165, ISO 7131 (loader terminology)
• ISO 14397-1 (rated operating capacity/test methods)
• ISO 7546 (bucket volumetric rating), ISO 2330, ISO 5353, ISO 6016

Keywords: ISO 20474-3, loaders, earth‑moving machinery safety, rated operating capacity, stability, guarding, operator controls, fork application, bucket application.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20474-3
Second edition
2017-07
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 3:
Requirements for loaders
Engins de terrassement — Sécurité —
Partie 3: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Rear windows . 2
4.3 Protection . 2
4.3.1 Operator’s controls and indicators . 2
4.3.2 Guarding for loaders . 3
4.4 Stability . 3
4.4.1 General requirements . 3
4.4.2 Bucket application . 3
4.4.3 Fork application . 3
4.4.4 Log handling application . 4
4.4.5 Single heavy object (non-palletized, single heavy object) application. 4
4.4.6 Object handling application . 5
4.4.7 Other applications . 5
5 Information for use . 5
Annex A (informative) Illustrations. 6
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20474-3:2008), which has been
technically revised with the following changes:
— normative references have been updated;
— references to national and regional provisions in the withdrawn ISO/TS 20474-14 have been deleted;
— stability requirements have been added.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20474 series, published under the general title, Earth-moving machinery —
Safety, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
ISO 20474 provides acceptable safety requirements for earth-moving machinery. This standard does
not necessarily provide requirements to meet all national and regional regulatory provisions, e.g. Japan
does not allow object handling with earth-moving machinery.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20474-3:2017(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 3:
Requirements for loaders
1 Scope
This document gives the safety requirements specific to loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended
to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to
two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take
precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-
moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under
conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical
measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or
events during commissioning, operation and maintenance.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point
ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 7131, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders — Terminology and commercial specifications
ISO 7546, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings
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