ISO/TC 23/SC 15 - Machinery for forestry

This document defines the dimensions and specifies the performance and safety requirements for traction aid winches used in forestry for assisting supported machines while going uphill and downhill (pulling and braking). This document is applicable to fixed and detachable winches and their components, connections and communications, which are used with mobile and self-propelled forestry machinery as defined in ISO 6814:2009 and earth moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. It is also applicable to remote traction aid winch systems which are installed on a position away from the supported machine. In addition, this document defines requirements for the assembly of supported machine and traction aid winch. It is not applicable to winches which are not using a controlled rope force while going downhill and winches used for skidding, hoisting operations on cranes, draglines, high lead logging, rope logging systems or yarding. The kind of prime mover used to drive a traction aid winch does not limit the applicability of this document. This document is intended to be applied to traction aid systems used on machines where, without use of these systems, the machine remains stationary on slopes under its independent control (see Annex E). Forestry machines, as defined in ISO 6814:2009, that are used as anchor or supported machines are not in the scope of this document. Requirements for the safety of many types of supported machines are within the scope of ISO 11850:2011. This document is not applicable to traction aid winches manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies terminology and required information as a general framework for identifying and describing the main dimensions and features of wheeled skidders. It is applicable to articulated wheeled cable and grapple skidders. NOTE The terminology and requirements given in this document do not necessarily all apply to a specific machine. Machines can be characterized by the dimensions and features which are relevant to them.

This document specifies terminology and required information as a general framework for identifying and describing the main dimensions and features of feller-bunchers. It is applicable to tracked and wheeled feller-bunchers. NOTE The terminology and requirements given in this document do not necessarily all apply to a specific machine. Machines can be characterized by the dimensions and features which are relevant to them.

This document establishes a laboratory test method and performance requirements for thrown object guards (TOG) that provide operator protection against thrown objects. This applies to mobile and self-propelled machinery used in forestry and related operations including, but not limited to, those defined in ISO 6814. The TOG is intended to provide reasonable protection for the operator on the host machine from powered rotating cutting or grinding elements and residual matter thrown by an attachment on the host machine. As the tests in the document are dependent upon the mass, velocity, and the cutting or grinding element profile, the TOG meeting the requirements of this document are specific to each cutting or grinding attachment and the host machine model. This document does not address protection from saw chain shot. NOTE A separate standard ISO 21876 addresses saw chain shot hazards.

This document specifies a test method and corresponding performance requirements for saw chain shot protective windows on forestry machines equipped with a chain saw for cutting, harvesting or processing as defined in ISO 6814. It also applies to machines that have been modified to perform cutting, harvesting or processing (such as excavator) with a chain saw cutting attachment.

This document gives the safety requirements specific to compact tool carriers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-9:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to pipelayers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-9:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-9:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-10:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to trenchers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-10:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-10:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-12:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to cable excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-12:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is applicable only to the machine itself if the cable excavator is intended for use in combination with other equipment or attachments such as drill rigs and those for pile driving or extracting and moving (e.g. rail-track, walking legs, pontoon, ship equipment or stationary undercarriages). It does not deal with the specific hazards relevant to such additional equipment or attachments. ISO 20474-12:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-1:2017 specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each of these requirements being common to two or more earth-moving machine families. It is also applicable to machine attachments, and to derivative machinery designed primarily for equipment used to excavate, load, transport, drill, spread, compact or trench earth, rock, and other materials. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 20474, which give the provisions that are specific to particular machine families. Those specific requirements take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines concerned. For multipurpose machinery, all of those parts of ISO 20474 whose requirements cover the functions and applications of such machines are applicable. EXAMPLE For a compact loader also used as a trencher, the relevant requirements of ISO 20474‑1, ISO 20474‑3 and ISO 20474‑10 are applicable. ISO 20474-1:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. Specific requirements related to autonomous machines are covered in ISO 17757. ISO 20474-1:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-5:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-5:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-5:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-4:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-4:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-4:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-6:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler dumpers as defined in ISO 6165, including compact dumpers with seated or standing operator. It is not applicable to dumpers primarily designed for use on public roads. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-6:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-6:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-8:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to graders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-8:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-8:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-2:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled dozers and crawler dozers as defined in ISO 6165 as well as for the rear-mounted winches on dozers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-2:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-2:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-11:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to landfill compactors as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-11:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-11:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. NOTE Roller compactors are dealt with by ISO 20474‑13.

ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, excepting towed scrapers, as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-13:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to rollers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-13:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-13:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-3:2017 used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-3:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-3:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 18564:2016 specifies all the information necessary for carrying out efficiently and under standardised conditions the noise emission values of self-propelled forestry machinery. It is applicable to fellers, bunchers, delimbers, forwarders, log loaders, skidders, processors, harvesters, mulchers and multi-function versions of these machine types, as defined in ISO 6814. Noise emission characteristics include A-weighted emission sound pressure values at the operator's station and the A-weighted sound power value. The determination of these quantities is necessary for the following: - manufacturers to declare the noise emitted; - comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned; - purposes of noise control at the source at the design stage. NOTE For low-noise design, noise emission values in frequency bands are useful and the basic International Standards ISO 3744 and ISO 11201 can be used for determining noise emission quantities in frequency bands.

ISO 13860:2016 specifies terminology and required information as a general framework for identifying and describing the main dimensions and features of wheeled forwarders. It is applicable to articulated wheeled forwarders (as defined in ISO 6814, a forwarder is a self-propelled machine designed to move trees or parts of trees by carrying them).

ISO 17253:2014 specifies the requirements for seated-operator, ride-on, earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, as defined in ISO 10896‑1, intended to be driven on public roads. It specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events when these machines are driven on-road. It is not applicable to machines on legs, e.g. walking excavators, to hazards related to standing-operator (ride-on or non-riding) or remote-control earth-moving machines/rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, to user requirements including training, operator licensing and machine taxation, to local use restrictions such as road/bridge capacities, or to environmental requirements such as engine emissions, noise, refrigerants or recyclability.

ISO 8082-2:2011 establishes a consistent and reproducible means of evaluating the load-carrying characteristics of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on self-propelled forestry machines under static loading, and gives performance requirements for a representative specimen under such loading. It is applicable to machines configured as forestry machines or defined as such in ISO 6814, having a rotating platform with a cab -- with or without a fixed cab riser -- and boom on the same or a separate platform, intended to be operated by an operator wearing a seat-belt. It is not applicable to forestry machines with elevating cabs.

ISO 11850:2011 specifies general safety requirements for self-propelled forestry machines and machines configured as forestry machines. It deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events common to fellers, bunchers, delimbers, forwarders, log loaders, skidders, processors, harvesters, mulchers and multi-function versions of these machine types, as defined in ISO 6814, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It does not deal with hazards specific to individual machines, such as those related to specific attachments, and therefore its use will not alone be sufficient to address all significant hazards for a majority of the machines it covers. It does not deal with hazards related to chain shot, chain breakage on the upper side of the bar, lifting operation, remote control operation, the need for work lights or road safety. For vibration measurement, the test setup and work cycles are not dealt with; nor is the verification method for noise measurement addressed. It is not applicable to hazards related to maintenance or repairs carried out by professional service personnel.

ISO 11837:2011 specifies performance requirements and a corresponding test method for saw chain shot guarding systems on the harvester heads and grip saws of forestry machines. It is applicable only to saw chain breakage on the cutting side of the guide bar.

ISO 8082-1:2009 establishes a consistent, reproducible means of evaluating the force–deflection characteristics of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on self-propelled forestry machines under static loading, and prescribes performance requirements for a representative specimen under such loading. It is applicable to forwarders, skidders, feller-bunchers, processors, harvesters and log loaders, as defined in ISO 6814. It is not applicable to machines having a rotating platform with a cab and boom on the platform, which are addressed by ISO 8082-2.

ISO 6814:2009 defines terms corresponding to, and gives guidance for the classification of, mobile and self-propelled machinery used in forestry and related operations. Both the definitions and the classification have been determined according to the end use of the machines as intended by the manufacturer. The terms and definitions do not cover all possible forestry and related operations or machinery, nor do they describe specific machines, but are given as an aid to nomenclature. ISO 6814:2009 is applicable to machines designed for use in forestry for site preparation, planting, harvesting, processing, and the transport of wood and wood fibre. It is not applicable to machines designed to be used exclusively in sawmills or wood yards, to on-highway transport vehicles, or to aerial vehicles.

ISO 19472:2006 defines terms, and specifies performance and safety requirements for winches used in forestry. It is applicable to fixed and detachable winches and their components mounted on mobile and self-propelled forestry machinery such as skidders and forwarders as defined in ISO 6814 and on agricultural tractors used for skidding in forestry operations. It is not applicable to winches used for hoisting operations on cranes, draglines, high lead logging, cable logging systems or yarding.

ISO 8083:2006 establishes a consistent, reproducible means of evaluating characteristics of falling-object protective structures (FOPS) under loading, and prescribes performance requirements for a representative specimen under such loading. It is applicable to mobile or self-propelled specially designed forestry machines as defined in ISO 6814.

ISO 8084:2003 establishes a laboratory test method and performance requirements for operator protective structures (OPS) on self-propelled forestry machines. It is applicable to mobile forestry machines defined in ISO 6814 engaged in felling, processing, forwarding and skidding. The OPS are designed to provide reasonable protection from objects otherwise able to pierce, such as saplings, branches, broken winch lines and poking hazards in forestry work, but not from small, thrown objects such as chain teeth. Those OPS meeting the performance criteria will not provide complete operator protection under all conceivable circumstances, but are expected to minimize the possibility of operator injury in normal operational situations.

ISO 17591 defines identifying terms, specifies a means of classification and gives a nomenclature of components for the knuckleboom log loader machinery used in forestry. Its aim is to establish a uniform method of describing the various configurations of this type of mobile forest machine.

Specifies performance test methods and criteria to enable uniform assessment of the service, secondary and parking brake systems of tracked specially designed forestry machines. Applies to self-propelled tracked special forestry machines with a maximum design speed of 20 km/h or less.

Applies to self-propelled, rubber-tyred special forestry machines defined in ISO 6814. Specifies test methods and criteria to enable uniform assessment of the service, secondary and parking brake systems.

ISO 11839:2010 specifies test procedures and performance requirements for determining the protective ability of panel materials used in forestry-machinery operator enclosures intended to protect the operator against sawteeth thrown by circular-saw components. This particular type of hazard is specifically defined by the size and velocity of the sawteeth and is unique to these cutting devices. ISO 11839:2010 is applicable to panel materials for forestry machines defined in ISO 6814 that include an integrated or attached circular sawing device, controlled or powered by the primary machine (e.g. topping saws, felling saws or bucking saws).

ISO 8082:2003 establishes a consistent, reproducible means of evaluating the force-deflection characteristics of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on self-propelled forestry machines under static loading, and prescribes performance requirements for a representative specimen under such loading. It is applicable to forwarders, skidders, feller-bunchers, processors, harvesters and loaders, as defined in ISO 6814. It is not applicable to machines having a rotating platform with a cab and boom on the platform.

ISO 11850:2003 specifies safety requirements for common design aspects of mobile, ride-on, self-propelled forestry machines. It is applicable to fellers, bunchers, delimbers, forwarders, logloaders, skidders, processors, harvesters, and multi-function versions of these machine types, as defined in ISO 6814. It is not applicable to the optional attachments for these machines. It covers certain hazards common to forestry machinery, but does not as a standard that addresses common requirements deal with all the hazards (noise, vibration, thrown objects, etc.) which could exist on a particular machine. Its use will therefore not alone be sufficient to cover all significant risks for a majority of machines.

This International Standard specifies terminology and required information as a general framework for identifying and describing the main dimensions and features of wheeled skidders. It is applicable to articulated wheeled cable and grapple skidders as defined in ISO 6814. NOTE The terminology and requirements given in this International Standard will not necessarily all apply to a specific machine. Machines may be characterized by the dimensions and features which are relevant to them.

This International Standard specifies terminology and required information as a general framework for identifying and describing the main dimensions and features of feller-bunchers. It is applicable to tracked and wheeled feller-bunchers as defined in ISO 6814. NOTE The terminology and requirements given in this International Standard will not necessarily all apply to a specific machine. Machines may be characterized by the dimensions and features which are relevant to them.

Specifies general safety requirements for specially designed self-propelled forestry machines and machines adapted for forestry applications.

Specifies a uniform method of defining specification definition, drum storage capacity, line pull dnd line speed for winches used in tree harvesting machines. Tabulates symbols and units (table 1), contains definition.

Establishes a consistent, reproducible means of evaluating force-deflection characteristics of roll-over protective structures under static loading, and prescribes performance requirements for a representative specimen under such loading. Applies to mobile and self-propelled specially designed machinery for forestry as defined in ISO 6814.

Establishes a consistent repeatable means of evaluating characteristics of an operator protective structure under loading, and prescribes performance requirements for this structure under such loading in a representative test. Applies to mobile forestry machines and equipment defined in ISO 6814.

Specifies safety requirements for winches used on forestry machinery and agricultural machinery used in forestry. Applies only to skidding winches mounted on mobile forestry machinery; winches used in cable logging systems are excluded.