ISO/AWI 22371

Security and resilience — Community resilience — Principles and framework for urban resilience

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General Information

• Status: Published
• ICS: 03.100.01 - Company organization and management in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 292 - Security and resilience
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 292/WG 5 - Community resilience
• Current Stage: 3099 - CD approved for registration as DIS
• Completion Date: 05-Oct-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22371
ISO/TC 292 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-12-09 2023-03-03
Security and resilience — Community resilience —
Principles and framework for urban resilience
ICS: 03.100.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22371
ISO/TC 292 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Security and resilience — Community resilience —
Principles and framework for urban resilience
ICS: 03.100.01
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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© ISO 2022
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principles for urban resilience .............................................................................................................................................................3

5 Framework for delivering urban resilience ........................................................................................................................... 4

6 Organize and define .........................................................................................................................................................................................5

6.1 Governance, leadership and commitment ...................................................................................................................... 5

6.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.1.2 Leadership................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.1.3 Commitment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.1.4 Urban resilience policy ................................................................................................................................................. 6

6.1.5 Governance structure .................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2 Vision, values and benefits of the urban resilience strategy ......................................................................... 8

6.2.1 Vision and values................................................................................................................................................................ 8

6.2.2 Articulating benefits ....................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.3 Communication and engagement ........................................................................................................................................... 9

6.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

6.3.2 Identification, mapping and analysis of stakeholders ................................................................... 10

6.3.3 Communication and outreach ............................................................................................................................. 11

6.3.4 Strategies for effective community engagement ................................................................................ 11

6.4 Allocation of resources.................................................................................................................................................................12

6.5 Data collection, assessment and sharing .....................................................................................................................12

7 Assess and prioritize ....................................................................................................................................................................................13

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................13

7.2 System value and benefits ......................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.3 Stakeholder engagement ............................................................................................................................................................ 13

7.4 System definition and understanding ............................................................................................................................ 14

7.4.1 System mapping ............................................................................................................................................................... 14

7.4.2 Interdependencies and critical components .......................................................................................... 15

7.5 Risk identification and assessment ................................................................................................................................... 15

7.6 System baseline resilience assessment ......................................................................................................................... 16

7.6.1 System risk ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.6.2 System capacity ................................................................................................................................................................ 17

7.6.3 Gap analysis ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17

7.7 Scenario planning and testing ............................................................................................................................................... 17

7.8 Identify and prioritise areas of action ............................................................................................................................ 17

8 Strategy development ..................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18

8.2 Development of resilience capacity building initiatives ................................................................................. 18

8.2.1 Adaptive pathways ........................................................................................................................................................ 21

8.3 Prioritization of resilience capacity building initiatives ............................................................................... 21

8.3.1 Benefits analysis .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

8.3.2 Stakeholder engagement .......................................................................................................................................... 22

9 Implementation ...................................................................... ............................................................................................................................22

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................22

9.2 Portfolio and project management structure .......................................................................................................... 23

9.3 Programme and project delivery ........................................................................................................................................ 23

9.3.1 Ownership .............................................................................................................................................................................23

9.3.2 Development .......................................................................................................................................................................23

iii
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)

9.3.3 Schedule .................................................................................................................................................................................. 23

9.3.4 Budget ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

9.3.5 Partners ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

9.3.6 Procurement ....................................................................................................................................................................... 24

9.4 Financing resilience ........................................................................................................................................................................ 25

9.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

9.4.2 Insurance and risk transfer ................................................................................................................................... 25

9.4.3 Business case for investment ............................................................................................................................... 25

10 Continual improvement ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................26

10.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

10.2 Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

10.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

10.2.2 Enhance situational awareness through real-time data collection ...................................26

10.2.3 Monitor progress of the resilience strategy............................................................................................ 26

10.2.4 Horizon scanning ............................................................................................................................................................ 27

10.2.5 Reporting and auditing .............................................................................................................................................. 27

10.3 Identifying further actions and implementing improvements ......... ........................................................28

10.4 Learn, innovate and transform .............................................................................................................................................28

10.5 Re-measuring........................................................................................................................................................................................28

Annex A (informative) Checklist for delivering the urban resilience framework ...........................................29

Annex B (informative) Financing instruments and incentives ............................................................................................33

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................35

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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

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constitute an endorsement.

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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.

This document cancels and replaces ISO/TR 22370:2020.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
Introduction

The resilience of urban areas is vital for protecting, sustaining and enhancing economic, social, physical

and environmental value, now and for the future. Resilience is defined as the “ability to absorb and

adapt in a changing environment”. In the context of urban areas, this means the ability to survive,

adapt, overcome and thrive in the face of the chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience. Urban

resilience includes the resilience of:
1. People and communities
2. Governance and public services
3. Trade and business services
4. Environment, infrastructure, and resources

We are living in an increasingly complex and changing world and urban areas are becoming ever more

dynamic and influential. Concurrently, as our urban environments evolve and grow in complexity, so do

the risks and challenges they face.

More resilient urban areas are better able to realize their strategic ambitions, protect their critical

resources, capitalise on investment, create and sustain opportunities for enterprise, and empower

individuals, communities, institutions and businesses to not only survive, but adapt and prosper.

With 68 % of the global population set to be urban dwelling by 2050 according to the UN , urban

resilience is becoming ever more essential in meeting the increasing social, economic and environmental

challenges that come with this level of growth.
[1]

In order to meet UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 – ‘make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and

sustainable’, urban areas need to adopt strategies that take a proactive and integrated approach

to resilience, transcend departmental and organisational boundaries and, are grounded in a

comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing the urban environment.

Urban resilience requires an integrated, system-based approach, drawing on the knowledge contained

across a broad range of disciplines to deliver the resilience of our urban areas. Committing to a

comprehensive approach facilitates shared understanding and learning for adapting in complex and

dynamic environments, promoting a collective and inclusive approach to change.

Urban resilience is a collective responsibility and is enhanced when the whole of society is enabled

and empowered to act and engage in support of those in a decision-making capacity, such as local

government.

This document has been developed in response to increasing global demand for guidance on the

development and implementation of strategies which seek to improve urban resilience in the face of the

social, environmental and economic challenges they face, now and in the future.
1) 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects, un.org
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
Security and resilience — Community resilience —
Principles and framework for urban resilience
1 Scope

This document provides principles and a framework on how to enhance resilience in urban areas to

protect communities, people and businesses and improve people’s lives. It describes:

a) how to build capacity to better manage change and disruptive events, whilst minimizing the impact

on the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups;
b) the benefits of urban resilience;

c) how to organize for, assess, plan, implement and continually improve urban resilience.

This document is applicable to all urban contexts and governance structures and stakeholders for all

identified levels of risk.

It is for use by all organizations that have accountability for resilience of services in urban communities.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 22300, Security and resilience — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
capacity

combination of all the strengths, capabilities and resources available within an organization,

community or society that can reduce the level of risk or the effects of a crisis and has the ability to deal

with uncertainty and adapt to change

Note 1 to entry: Capacity can include physical, institutional, social, or economic means as well as skilled personnel

or attributes such as leadership and management.

[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.25 , modified — added “capabilities” and “and has the ability to deal with

uncertainty and adapt to change”]
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
3.2
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment

Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is

determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each

individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
3.3
shock

uncertain, abrupt or long-onset event, that has the potential to impact upon the purpose or objectives

of an urban system

Note 1 to entry: Table 3 addresses the evaluation of shocks, stresses and trends.

[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.263]
3.4
stress

chronic and ongoing dynamic pressure originated within an urban system, with the potential for

cumulative impacts on the ability and capacity of the system to achieve its objectives

Note 1 to entry: Table 3 addresses the evaluation of shocks, stresses and trends.

[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.269]
3.5
urban area
geographic area containing populated, built environment

Note 1 to entry: Urban areas usually include cities or towns and their outlying suburbs.

3.6
urban resilience

ability of any urban system, with its inhabitants, in a changing environment, to anticipate, prepare,

respond to and absorb shocks, positively adapt and transform in the face of stress and uncertainty,

while facilitating inclusive and sustainable development

Note 1 to entry: A more resilient urban system is characterized by its ability to continue through disruption

in the short- to medium-term, combined with a capacity to reduce pressures and adapt to changes, risks and

opportunities. Urban resilience, therefore, is dependent upon the ability of urban systems not just to deal with

shocks, but also with chronic stresses and uncertainties.

Note 2 to entry: Urban resilience is dependent upon the individual and collective resilience of the separate

components of a complex urban system. Although a city, town or community within an urban area can

individually demonstrate enhanced resilience within its respective boundaries, urban resilience encompasses

the broader geographic scope of urban agglomeration. Resilience of an urban system is measured by the capacity

for resilience of each individual system component and dependent upon the resilience of the weakest performer

among the urban agglomeration within the system scope.

Note 3 to entry: In order to assess, plan and act accordingly in the face of shocks, stresses and uncertainty, an

urban system’s resilience capacity should be measured and analysed through qualitative and quantitative data.

[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.284]
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ISO/DIS 22371:2022(E)
3.7
urban system

human settlement, integrated and complex set of system components, characterized by universal and

interdependent dimensions: physical, functional, organizational and spatial; comprised of people,

processes and assets managed through effective governance mechanisms in order to deliver the urban

societal values.

Note 1 to entry: Being dynamic, the composition and elements of an urban system changes with time.

Note 2 to entry: Every urban area has characteristics of an urban system, regardless of its size, culture, location,

economy and/or political environment.

Note 3 to entry: Characterized as urban systems, urban areas have the objectives (3.1.162) of managing the

complex interactions and interdependencies among its multiple components, with the purpose of fulfilling a

variety of functionalities including social, economic, cultural and environmental.

[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.285]
3.8
vulnerable group

individuals who share one or several characteristics that are the basis of discrimination or adverse

social, economic, cultural, political or health circumstances and that cause them to lack the means to

achieve their rights or, otherwise, enjoy equal opportunities
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.292]
4 Principles for urban resilience

In order to deliver urban resilience, the responsible body and stakeholders should be guided by the

principles listed in Table 1 that underpin resilient urban systems. They should be at the core of all

resilience behaviours, strategies, and outcomes.
Table 1 — Principles
Principles Description

Accountable Upholds methods for effective governance that promote clear responsibilities, accounta-

bility, unity of vision and transparency; delivering long-lasting resilience benefits that go

beyond electoral cycles and avoid fragmentation, ensuring that there are long-term, sus-

tainable financing mechanisms in place to provide ongoing support to resilience-building

projects.

Adaptive Builds flexibility and resourcefulness; creating urban systems that can evolve and manoeu-

vre quickly in a changing landscape – addressing risks and capitalising on opportunities. It

is accepting of ever-increasing uncertainty and change and has the ability to apply existing

resources to new purposes. Rapidly finds different ways to achieve desired outcomes or

meet needs during a shock or when under stress, mobilising human, financial and technical

resources inside or outside of traditional response structures to deliver innovative solu-

tions in the face of adversity.

Aware Gathers information, harnesses real-time data and conducts horizon scanning to improve

awareness, anticipate change and inform evidence-based decision making. Assesses, builds

knowledge capital, learns and continually improves for better future outcomes.

Inclusive Conducts broad consultation and co-creation with communities, including those which are

identified as vulnerable - creating community cohesion, strengthening social contracts

and empowering people to participate. All parts of the community agree on a vision for its

future, and are aware of the shocks and stresses it faces and their respective and comple-

mentary roles in protecting and strengthening the city’s resilience. Benefits and impacts

are distributed justly and equitably across urban networks; reducing social stresses

...