ISO 22328-3:2023
(Main)Security and resilience — Emergency management — Part 3: Guidelines for the implementation of a community-based early warning system for tsunamis
Security and resilience — Emergency management — Part 3: Guidelines for the implementation of a community-based early warning system for tsunamis
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of a community-based disaster early warning system (EWS) for tsunamis. It complements the generic guidelines in ISO 22328-1[5]. It describes the methods, procedures, implementation measures and activities specifically related to tsunamis. This document is applicable to communities vulnerable to tsunamis, without taking secondary/indirect effects into consideration.
Sécurité et résilience — Gestion des urgences — Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour la mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce des tsunamis à l’échelle de la collectivité
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22328-3
First edition
2023-01
Security and resilience — Emergency
management —
Part 3:
Guidelines for the implementation
of a community-based early warning
system for tsunamis
Sécurité et résilience — Gestion des urgences —
Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour la mise en œuvre d’un système
d’alerte précoce des tsunamis à l’échelle de la collectivité
Reference number
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Tsunami early warning system . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Risk assessment . 3
4.2.1 General . 3
4.2.2 Understanding the tsunami hazard . 3
4.2.3 Understanding the tsunami vulnerability . 3
4.2.4 Development of tsunami risk reduction plan . 3
4.3 Dissemination and communication of knowledge . 4
4.4 Monitoring and warning service . 4
4.5 Response capability . 5
4.6 Commitment of the authority and the community at risk to the sustainability of
the tsunami early warning system. 6
Annex A (informative) Example of a public display of a tsunami risk/hazard map .7
Annex B (informative) Example of an evacuation plan sign . 8
Annex C (informative) Example of a framework of tsunami monitoring and dissemination .9
Annex D (informative) Example of a tsunami warning bulletin .10
Annex E (informative) Example of an evacuation standard operating procedure .11
Bibliography .15
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22328 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
Introduction
In tsunami-prone countries, a tsunami causes catastrophic disaster, loss of lives, damage to the
ecosystem and great socioeconomic losses.
The Tsunami Early Warning Systems framework, which was developed by the United Nations Office
for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR, formerly UNISDR) and agreed in Bonn, Germany in 2006,
[9]
underlines the people-centred aspect of an early warning system (EWS). To build a tsunami-resilient
community, this idea as been translated in this document into more explicit guidance for a community-
based tsunami EWS. The guidance gives more crucial roles for the community in managing the tsunami
risk reduction activities, which are fully supported by the existing system and infrastructure that have
been built by the local government.
The goal of the development of a tsunami EWS is to empower individuals and communities who are
vulnerable to hazards to act in sufficient time and in appropriate ways to reduce the possibility of
injuries, loss of life, and damage to property and the environment.
[5]
This document complements the generic guidelines on EWS given in ISO 22328-1 with specific
information related to tsunamis. It is also complementary to the guidelines on public warning given in
[4] [3]
ISO 22322 as well as the guidelines on planning mass evacuations given in ISO 22315 .
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO coordinates the global
development of end-to-end tsunami early warning systems, which have been adopted, tailored
and implemented by several countries. This document complements the international standard for
evidence-based community preparedness for tsunamis of the UNESCO-IOC Tsunami Ready program
[7]
and indicators, and Guidelines for Indian Ocean Tsunami Ready Program.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
Security and resilience — Emergency management —
Part 3:
Guidelines for the implementation of a community-based
early warning system for tsunamis
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of a community-based disaster early warning
[5]
system (EWS) for tsunamis. It complements the generic guidelines in ISO 22328-1 . It describes the
methods, procedures, implementation measures and activities specifically related to tsunamis.
This document is applicable to communities vulnerable to tsunamis, without taking secondary/indirect
effects into consideration.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22300, Security and resilience — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
official warning
warning issued by the national or regional authority to enable the local authority to consider and/or
initiate evacuation of the people at risk
3.2
earthquake
sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of
movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action
3.3
tsunami
series of travelling waves of extremely long length and period, usually generated by disturbances
associated with an earthquake (3.2) occurring below or near the ocean floor, volcanic eruptions, a
submarine landslide, liquefaction, melting glaciers, coastal rock falls or meteorites
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
3.4
local tsunami
near-field tsunami hazard
tsunami originating from a nearby source with destructive effects confined to coasts within 100 km of
the source
[8]
[SOURCE: UNESCO IOC, Tsunami Glossary, modified, p.7 ]
3.5
distant tsunami
far-field tsunami hazard
tsunami originating from a faraway source, generally more than 1 000 km
[8]
[SOURCE: UNESCO IOC, Tsunami Glossary, p.11 ]
3.6
estimated time of arrival
ETA
tsunami arrival at some fixed location, estimated from modelling the speed and refraction of the waves
travelling from the source
[8]
[SOURCE: UNESCO IOC, Tsunami Glossary, p.14 ]
3.7
inundation
maximum horizontal penetration of the tsunami from the shoreline
Note 1 to entry: A maximum inundation is measured for each different coast or harbour affected by the tsunami.
[8]
[SOURCE: UNESCO IOC, Tsunami Glossary, p.22 ]
3.8
runup
elevation reached by seawater which is measured relative to mean sea level, mean low water and
sea level at the time of the tsunami attack, etc., and ideally at a point that is a local maximum of the
horizontal inundation (3.7)
3.9
natural warning
forewarning of a tsunami including ground shaking from earthquakes, unusual sea-level fluctuations,
draining away of sea surface at coastal area, waveforms, sounds and sudden unusual animal behaviour
Note 1 to entry: Other natural warning signs of tsunamis can occur.
3.10
self-evacuation
immediate/spontaneous response by a community at risk to a natural warning (3.9) of a tsunami,
prompting individual movement prior to an official warning (3.1)
4 Tsunami early warning system
4.1 General
[5]
The community-based tsunami EWS should be based on ISO 22328-1 . It should involve community
participation in the tsunami risk reduction plan based on their understanding of tsunami hazard and
vulnerability.
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
4.2 Risk assessment
4.2.1 General
[5]
In addition to the guidelines on risk assessment given in ISO 22328-1:2020 , 4.2, the following actions
should be taken.
The community disaster preparedness teams should conduct a risk identification to understand the
combination of tsunami hazard and vulnerability at one particular location. This includes identifying
knowledge for developing a tsunami risk reduction plan that includes:
— the identification of past tsunami events with the potential for recurrence in the same source (e.g.
paleo-tsunami);
— an understanding of the tsunami risk potential (e.g. arrival time, runup height, inundation) in and
around coastal areas;
— the current and future exposure potential and vulnerability of people;
— the assets to move development away from affected coastal areas and to restrict future development
near the shoreline;
— the prioritization of investment in an EWS and evacuation infrastructure.
4.2.2 Understanding the tsunami hazard
Proper understanding of the tsunami hazard requires knowledge of probable tsunami sources (e.g.
earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions), the likelihood of occurrence, the long-lasting nature, the
multiple arrival of tsunami waves, and the characteristics of tsunamis from those sources at different
places along the coast (local tsunami, regional tsunami and distant tsunami).
A tsunami hazard map should be developed and updated by community-preparedness teams to identify
the geographical areas susceptible to a tsunami. The tsunami hazard map should:
— actively involve public participation in its development;
— address local knowledge;
— follow guidance from tsunami experts (see Annex E).
4.2.3 Understanding the tsunami vulnerability
A vulnerability assessment analyses the exposure, conditions, assets and capacities the community
at risk has to deal with related to the tsunami hazard. It considers the physical, economic, social and
cultural dimensions of community vulnerability.
The hazards should be documented and mapped for people or communities located along the identified
coastline.
4.2.4 Development of tsunami risk reduction plan
The vulnerability assessment should be linked to the higher-level tsunami risk reduction plan (district,
province, national), integrated with the results of the risk assessment, documented and accessible to
interested parties, and updated as required following regular review.
[5]
In addition to the guidelines on developing the general risk reduction plan given in ISO 22328-1 , the
tsunami risk reduction plan should consider the tsunami inundation map, tsunami height and estimated
time arrival of the tsunami.
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22328-3:2023(E)
4.3 Dissemination and communication of knowledge
In addition to the guidelines on dissemination and communication of knowledge given in
[5]
ISO 22328-1:2020 , 4.3, the community disaster preparedness team should take the following actions:
a) develop a public display of tsunami information, which describes:
1) a tsunami hazard map;
2) how to respond in the community;
3) information such as the tsunami d
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.