ISO/IEC 6048-2:2026

Information technology — JPEG AI learning-based image coding system — Part 2: Profiling

This document specifies a subset of the syntax specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 via one Main stream profile and three decoder tool subsets as three decoder profiles. It also defines higher bounds on tile and picture sizes via levels of a decoder profile that a conforming decoder implementation shall support, and specifies profiles, each being tailored to certain application domains, and defines the levels of the profiles.

Titre manque — Partie 2: Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-Jun-2026
• ICS: 35.040.30 - Coding of graphical and photographical information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 26-Jun-2026
• Due Date: 24-Jul-2026
• Completion Date: 26-Jun-2026

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 6048-2
First edition
Information technology — JPEG
2026-06
AI learning-based image coding
system —
Part 2:
Profiling
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2026
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© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by ITU-T (as Rec. ITU-T T.840.2) and drafted in accordance with its editorial
rules, in collaboration with Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 6048 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
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© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 6048-2
RECOMMENDATION ITU-T T.840.2
Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system: Profiling

Summary
Recommendation ITU-T T.840.2 | ISO/IEC 6048-2 specifies profiling for the image coding technology specified in
Recommendation ITU−T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 known as learning-based image coding (JPEG AI).
This Recommendation | International Standard was developed collaboratively by ITU-T Study Group 21 and
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 and is published as common text Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 | ISO/IEC 6048-2.

History
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID
1.0
ITU-T T.840.2 2026-01-13 21 11.1002/1000/16658

Keywords
Decoder, decoder profiles, JPEG AI, learning based image coding, levels, profiles, stream profiles.

_______________
To access the Recommendation, type the URL https://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
browser, followed by the Recommendation's unique ID.
Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 (01/2026)
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iv
FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, and information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating
and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a
worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the
topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are prepared on
a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.

NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory
provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved
when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some other obligatory language such as "must"
and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that
compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the
use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability
of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation
development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected
by patents/software copyrights, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the
appropriate ITU-T databases available via the ITU-T website at https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.

 ITU 2026
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.
Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 (01/2026)
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
v
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards . 1
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content . 1
2.3 Additional references . 1
3 Definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations . 1
5 Conventions . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Arithmetic operators . 2
6 JPEG AI stream profiles, decoder profiles and levels . 2
6.1 Main concepts and definitions . 2
6.2 Profile and levels overview . 4
7 Profiles and levels . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 JPEG AI profiles . 4
7.3 Syntax information . 6
7.4 Informative notes on tiles configuration . 7
7.5 Definition of levels . 8

List of Tables
Table 1 − JPEG AI stream@decoder profile combinations and their specification . 5
Table 2 − JPEG AI syntax values to specify the stream and decoder profiles . 6
Table 3 − General levels . 8

List of Figures
Figure 6-1 – JPEG AI encoder and decoder framework. . 3

Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 (01/2026)
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
vi
International Standard ISO/IEC 6048-2:2026(en)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ITU-T RECOMMENDATION
Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system: Profiling
1 Scope
This Recommendation | International Standard specifies a subset of the syntax specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 |
ISO/IEC 6048-1 via one Main stream profile and three decoder tool subsets as three decoder profiles. It also defines higher
bounds on tile and picture sizes via levels of a decoder profile that a conforming decoder implementation shall support, and
specifies profiles, each being tailored to certain application domains, and defines the levels of the profiles.
2 Normative references
The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation | International
Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and Standards
listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication
Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations.
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards
– Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 (2025) | ISO/IEC 6048-1:2025, Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image
coding system: Core coding system.
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content
– None.
2.3 Additional references
– None.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 stream profile: Subset of the full JPEG AI tool set (or full set) and their syntax that may be used in the coded stream.
3.2 decoder profile: Subset of the full JPEG AI tool set that allows to obtain the decoded image.
All other terms are defined in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1.
4 Abbreviations
All abbreviations are identical to those in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1.
Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 (01/2026)
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
5 Conventions
5.1 General
The term "this Specification" is used to refer to this Recommendation | International Standard.
The word "shall" is used to express mandatory requirements for conformance to this Specification. When used to express a
mandatory constraint on the values of syntax elements or the values of variables derived from these syntax elements, it is the
responsibility of the encoder to ensure that the constraint is fulfilled.
The word "may" is used to refer to behaviour that is allowed, but not necessarily required.
The content of this Specification that is identified as "informative" does not establish any mandatory requirements for
conformance to this Specification and is thus not considered an integral part of this Specification. Informative remarks in the
text are, in some cases, set apart and prefixed with the word "note" or "NOTE".
The word "reserved" is used to specify that some values of a particular syntax element are for future use by ITU‑T |
ISO/IEC and shall not be used in syntax structures conforming to this version of this Specification, but could potentially be used
in syntax structures conforming to future versions of this Specification by ITU-T | ISO/IEC.
NOTE – The mathematical operators used in this Specification are similar to those used in the C programming language. However, the
results of integer division and arithmetic shift operations are defined more precisely, and additional operations are defined, such as
exponentiation and real-valued division. Numbering and counting conventions generally begin from 0, e.g., "the first" is equivalent to the
0-th, "the second" is equivalent to the 1-st, etc.
5.2 Arithmetic operators
All arithmetic operators are identical to those defined in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1.
6 JPEG AI stream profiles, decoder profiles and levels
6.1 Main concepts and definitions
This Recommendation | International Standard specifies decoder behaviour that is essential to offer interoperability of JPEG AI
learning-based coding systems. This Specification covers several decoder profiles. Encoder behaviour is out of the scope of this
Specification.
In Figure 6-1, all the JPEG AI encoding and decoding parts are shown. The decoder may use any of the synthesis transforms
specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 to decode the image but the transform used must be according to the
restrictions sent by the encoder (in form of decoder profiles) and available in the syntax. The conformance points are identified
with a star and marked as A, B, C1, C2 and C3. The enhancement filters a
...