ISO/IEC 18092:2004

Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Near Field Communication — Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)

ISO/IEC 18092:2004 defines communication modes for Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) using inductive coupled devices operating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz for interconnection of computer peripherals. It also defines both the Active and the Passive communication modes of NFCIP-1 to realize a communication network using Near Field Communication devices for networked products and also for consumer equipment. This International Standard specifies, in particular, modulation schemes, codings, transfer speeds and frame format of the RF interface, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision control during initialization. Furthermore, this International Standard defines a transport protocol including protocol activation and data exchange methods. Information interchange between systems also requires, at a minimum, agreement between the interchange parties upon the interchange codes and the data structure.

Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange d'information entre systèmes — Communication de champ proche — Interface et protocole (NFCIP-1)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 23-Mar-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 23-Mar-2004
• ICS: 35.100.10 - Physical layer
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 07-Mar-2013

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18092:2013 - Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Near Field Communication — Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
• Effective Date: 29-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18092
First edition
2004-04-01


Information technology —
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Near Field
Communication — Interface and Protocol
(NFCIP-1)
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange
d'information entre systèmes — Communication de champ proche —
Interface et protocole (NFCIP-1)




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2004
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 1
5 Conventions and notations. 4
5.1 Representation of numbers . 4
5.2 Names. 4
6 Acronyms. 4
7 General. 5
8 RF field. 6
8.1 Passive Communication Mode . 6
8.2 Active Communication Mode. 6
8.3 External RF field threshold value . 6
9 RF Signal Interface. 6
9.1 Bit duration. 6
9.2 Active communication mode. 7
9.2.1 106 kbps. 7
9.2.2 212 kbps and 424 kbps. 9
9.3 Passive communication mode. 10
9.3.1 106 kbps Initiator to Target . 10
9.3.2 106 kbps Target to Initiator . 11
9.3.3 212 kbps and 424 kbps Initiator to Target . 11
9.3.4 212 kbps and 424 kbps Target to Initiator . 12
10 General Protocol flow. 12
11 Initialization. 13
11.1 RF Collision Avoidance. 13
11.1.1 Initial RF Collision Avoidance . 13
11.1.2 Response RF Collision Avoidance. 15
11.2 Passive communication mode. 16
11.2.1 Initialisation and Single Device Detection at 106 kbps .16
11.2.2 Initialisation and SDD at 212 kbps and 424 kbps . 29
11.3 Active communication mode. 32
11.3.1 Initialisation at 106, 212, and 424 kbps . 32
11.3.2 Active communication mode RF Collision Avoidance. 32
12 Transport Protocol. 33
12.1 Transport Data. 33
12.2 Passive communication mode Activation flow. 34
12.3 Active communication mode Activation flow .34
12.4 Commands. 37
12.5 Activation of the protocol. 37
12.5.1 Attribute Request and Response Commands.37
12.5.2 Wakeup Request and Response Commands. 43
12.5.3 Parameter Selection Request and Response Commands. 45
12.6 Data Exchange Protocol. 48
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
12.6.1 Data Exchange Protocol Request and Response.48
12.6.2 Response timeout extension .51
12.6.3 Attention – Target present.52
12.6.4 Protocol operation.52
12.6.5 Multi Activation.52
12.6.6 More information (Chaining) .53
12.7 Deactivation of the protocol.53
12.7.1 Deselect Request and Response command.54
12.7.2 Release Request and Response commands.55
Annex A (normative) CRC calculation.57
A.1 CRC for Active and Passive communication mode at 106 kbps .57
A.2 Example of CRC calculation at 106 kbps.57
A.3 CRC for Active and Passive communication mode at 212 kbps and 424 kbps .58
A.4 Example of CRC calculation at 212 kbps and 424 kbps.58

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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 18092 was prepared by ECMA (as ECMA-340) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track
procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval
by national bodies of ISO and IEC.

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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies the interface and protocol for simple wireless communication between
close coupled devices. These Near Field Communication (NFC) devices communicate with transfer rates of
106, 212, and 424 kbps.
This NFC Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) standard allows, but does not specify, applications in network
products and consumer equipment.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)

Information technology — Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Near Field Communication —
Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
1 Scope
This International Standard defines communication modes for Near Field Communication Interface and
Protocol (NFCIP-1) using inductive coupled devices operating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz for
interconnection of computer peripherals. It also defines both the Active and the Passive communication
modes of Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) to realize a communication network
using Near Field Communication devices for networked products and also for consumer equipment. This
International Standard specifies, in particular, modulation schemes, codings, transfer speeds, and frame
format of the RF interface, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision control
during initialization. Furthermore, this International Standard defines a transport protocol including protocol
activation and data exchange methods.
Information interchange between systems also requires, at a minimum, agreement between the interchange
parties upon the interchange codes and the data structure.
2 Conformance
A system implementing the Active and the Passive communication mode shall be in conformance with this
International Standard if it meets all the mandatory requirements specified herein.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ITU-T V.41:1988, Code-independent error-control system
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
4.1
active communication mode
move in which both the Initiator and the Target use their own RF field to enable the communication
4.2
ASK modulation
Amplitude Shift Keying, in which the amplitude of the carrier frequency is modulated according to the logic of
the data to be transmitted
NOTE The degree of modulation is expressed by (a − b)/(a + b) × 100 [%], where a and b respectively represent the
maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated signal waveform.
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
4.3
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
a system for representing each of the decimal numbers 0 to 9 by a four-bit binary code
NOTE The bits, from left to right, are worth 8, 4, 2 and 1 respectively in decimal, so for example the number 6 in BCD
is 0110.
4.4
collision
transmission by two or more Targets or Initiators during the same time period, such that the Initiator or the
Target is unable to distinguish from which Target the data originated
4.5
frame
sequence of data bits and optional error detection bits, with frame delimiters at start and end
4.6
H
Threshold
the minimum value of an external RF field that a NFCIP-1 device shall detect in order not to disturb ongoing
communication by ensuring that its own RF field is switched off
4.7
initiator
generator of the RF field and starter of the NFCIP-1 communication
4.8
load modulation
process of amplitude modulating a radio frequency field by varying the properties of a resonant circuit placed
within the radio frequency field
4.9
lsb first
least significant bit first, indicating a serial data transmission system that sends lsb before all other bits
4.10
LSB first
Least Significant Byte first, indicating a serial data transmission system that sends LSB before all other bytes
4.11
Manchester coding
method of bit coding whereby a logic level during a bit duration is represented by a sequence of two defined
physical states of a communication medium
NOTE The order of the physical states within the sequence defines the logical state. The coding system which
divides into half at the changing point in the middle point of bit self-sustaining time, and makes the direction of the changes
correspond to two logic value.
4.12
modulation index
defined as (a – b)/(a + b) where a and b are the peak and the minimum signal amplitude respectively with the
value of the index possibly expressed as a percentage
NOTE When the maximum amplitude of the modulated signal waveform is set to a and the minimum value is set to b,
the degree of abnormal conditions is usually expressed as a percent.
4.13
msb first
most significant bit indicating a serial data transmission system that sends the msb before all other bits
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
4.14
MSB first
Most Significant Byte indicating a serial data transmission system that sends the MSB before all other bytes
4.15
NFCIP-1 device
general term for either an Initiator or a Target communicating in the Active or the Passive communication
mode
4.16
NFC Identifier (NFCIDn)
a randomly generated number used by the RF Collision Avoidance and Single Device Detection sequence for
both the Active and the Passive communication modes
4.17
passive communication mode
when the Initiator is generating the RF field and the Target responds to an Initiator command in a load
modulation scheme
4.18
RF Collision Avoidance (RFCA)
method to detect the presence of a RF field based on the carrier frequency and method to detect and resolve
collisions on protocol level
4.19
SEL_PAR
total number of valid bits of NFCID1 CLn including SEL_CMD and SEL_PAR transmitted by the Initiator
4.20
sensing
an NFCIP-1 device in the Active communication mode expecting a Response to a Request it has sent on the
RF field to detect the start of communication to receive the Request
4.21
Single Device Detection (SDD)
an algorithm used by the initiator to detect one out of several Targets in its RF field
4.22
subcarrier
signal of frequency (fs) used to modulate a carrier of frequency (fc)
4.23
Target
responds to Initiator command either using load modulation scheme (RF field generated by Initiator) or using
modulation of self generated RF field
4.24
Time Period
defines the number of slots used for RF Collision Avoidance
4.25
Time Slot
method of preparing a time window when a Target answers, and assigning and identifying two or more logic
channels
4.26
transaction
includes the initialization and the transparent data exchange between an Initiator and a Target either in the
Active or the Passive communication mode
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
The following conventions and notations apply in this document unless otherwise stated.
 Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation.
 The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO or ONE.
 Numbers in binary notation and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1 shown with the
most significant bit to the left. Within such strings, X may be used to indicate that the setting of a bit is not
specified within the string.
5.2 Names
The names of basic elements, e.g. specific fields, are written with a capital initial letter.
6 Acronyms
ALL_REQ Wake up ALL Request
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
ATR Attribute Request and Attribute Response
ATR_REQ Attribute Request
ATR_RES Attribute Response
BCC NFCID1 CLn check byte, calculated as exclusive-or over the 4 previous bytes
BCD Binary Code Decimal
bd Bit duration
BRi Receiving bit duration supported by Initiator
BRt Receiving bit duration supported by Target
BSi Sending bit duration supported by Initiator
BSt Sending bit duration supported by Target
CLn Cascade Level n, 3 ≥ n ≥ 1
CMD Command
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CT Cascade Tag
D Divisor
DEP Data Exchange Protocol Request and Data Exchange Protocol Response
DEP_REQ Data Exchange Protocol Request
DEP_RES Data Exchange Protocol Response
DIDi Initiator Device ID
DIDt Target Device ID
DRi Data rate Received by initiator
DRt Data rate Received by initiator
DSi Data rate Send by initiator
DSL Deselect Request and Deselect Response
DSL_REQ Deselect Request
DSL_RES Deselect Response
DSt Data rate Send by Target
fc Frequency of operating field (carrier frequency)
fd Baseband frequency of Manchester coding
FRT Frame Response Time
fs Frequency of subcarrier (fc/16)
Gi Optional information field for Initiator
Gt Optional information field for Target
ID Identification number
lsb least significant bit
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
LSB Least Significant Byte
MI Multiple Information link for Data Exchange Protocol
msb most significant bit
MSB Most Significant Byte
NAD Node Address
NFCID1 Random Identifier for single device detection in the Passive communication
mode at 106 kbps
nfcid1n Byte number n of NFCID1
NFCID2 Random ID for SDD in the Passive communication mode at 212 kbps and 424 kbps
nfcid2n Byte number n of the Random Identifier NFCID2
NFCID3 Random ID for transport protocol activation
nfcid3n Byte number n of the Random Identifier NFCID3
P Odd parity bit
PA Preamble
pdu protocol data unit
PFB Control information for transaction
PNI Packet Number Information
PPi Protocol Parameters used by Initiator
PPt Protocol Parameters used by Target
PSL Parameter Selection Request and Parameter Selection Response
PSL_REQ Parameter Selection Request
PSL_RES Parameter Selection Response
RF Radio Frequency
RFCA RF Collision Avoidance
RFU Reserved for Future Use
RLS Release Request and Release Response
RLS_REQ Release Request
RLS_RES Release Response
RWT Response Waiting Time
SB Start byte for data exchange protocol at 106 kbps
SDD Single Device Detection
SDD_REQ Single Device Detection Request command
SEL_CMD Select Command byte
SEL_PAR Select Parameter byte
SEL_REQ Select Request command
SENS_REQ Sense Request command
SENS_RES Sense Response command
SLP_REQ Sleep Request command
SYNC Synchronous pattern
TO Timeout value
WT Waiting Time
WUP Wakeup Request and Wakeup Response
WUP_REQ Wakeup Request
WUP_RES Wakeup Response
7 General
This International Standard defines both the Active and the Passive communication modes as follows:
In the Active communication mode, both the Initiator and the Target shall use their own RF field to enable
communication. The Initiator starts the NFCIP-1 communication. The Target responds to an Initiator command
in the Active communication mode using self-generated modulation of self-generated the RF field.
In the Passive communication mode, the Initiator generates the RF field and starts the communication. The
Target responds to an Initiator command in the Passive communication mode using a load modulation
scheme.
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
The communication over the RF interface in the Active and the Passive communication mode shall include
modulation schemes, transfer speed and bit coding. In addition it shall include the start of communication, the
end of communication, the bit and byte representation, the framing and error detection, the single device
detection, the protocol and parameter selection and the data exchange and de-selection of Near Field
Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) devices.
All NFCIP-1 devices shall have communication capability on 106 kbps and may switch to another transfer
speed or stay at 106 kbps. All NFCIP-1 devices shall have communication capability on 212 kbps and may
switch to another transfer speed or stay at 212 kbps. All NFCIP-1 devices shall have communication
capabilities on 424 kbps and may switch to another transfer speed or stay at 424 kbps.
The mode (Active or Passive) shall not be changed during one transaction until the deactivation of the Target
or removal of the Target, even though the transfer speed of Initiator to Target and the transfer speed of the
Target to the Initiator may not be the same. The change of transfer speed during one transaction may be
performed by a parameter change procedure.
The transaction is started by device initialisation and terminated by device de-selection (or equivalent).
8 RF field
The carrier frequency of the RF field shall be 13,56 MHz.
The minimum unmodulated RF field shall be H and has a value of 1,5 A/m rms.
min
The maximum unmodulated RF field shall be H and has a value of 7,5 A/m rms.
max
This field shall be modulated during communication.
8.1 Passive Communication Mode
An Initiator shall produce a RF field to energise the target.
A Target shall operate continuously between H and H .
min max
8.2 Active Communication Mode
An Initiator and a Target shall alternately generate a RF field of at least H and not exceeding H at
min max
manufacturer specified positions (operating volume).
8.3 External RF field threshold value
NFCIP-1 devices shall detect external RF fields at 13,56MHz with a value higher than H while
Threshold
performing external RF field detection.
The threshold value is H = 0,1875 A/m.
Threshold
9 RF Signal Interface
9.1 Bit duration
The bit duration bd is calculated by the following formula:
1 bd = 128/(D × fc)
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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
The values of the divisor D depend on the bit rate and are given by Table 1. The fc is the carrier frequency as
defined in clause 8.
Table 1 — Definition of Divisor D
Communication Mode kbps Divisor D
active or passive 106 1
active or passive 212 2
active or passive 424 4
Active 847 8
Active 1 695 16
Active 3 390 32
Active 6 780 64
NOTE The Initiator for starting the communication chooses the initial bit rate.
9.2 Active communication mode
The specification of both from the Initiator to the Target and from the Target to the Initiator shall be identical.
9.2.1 106 kbps
9.2.1.1 Bit rate
The bit rate for the transmission during initialisation and single device detection shall be fc/128 (106 kbps).
9.2.1.2 Modulation
Communication from the Initiator to a Target and a Target to the Initiator for a bit rate of fc/128 shall use the
modulation principle of ASK 100 % of the RF operating field to create a “Pulse” as shown in Figure 1.
The envelope of the field shall decrease monotonically to less than 5 % of its initial value H and remain
INITIAL
less than 5 % for more than t2. (See Table 2.) This envelope shall comply with Figure 1.
If the envelope of the field does not decrease monotonically, the time between a local maximum and the time
of passing the same value before the local maximum shall not exceed 0,5 µs. This shall only apply if the local
maximum is greater than 5 % of H .
INITIAL
Overshoots shall remain within 90 % and 110 % of H .
INITIAL
The Target shall detect the “End of Pulse” after the field exceeds 5 % of H and before it exceeds 60 %
INITIAL
of H . The “End of Pulse” is defined by t4 in Table 2. This definition applies to all modulation envelope
INITIAL
timings.

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ISO/IEC 18092:2004(E)
(H/HINITIAL)
Envelope of carrier amplitude
110%
100%
90%
60%
5%
t
5%
60%
90%
100% t4
110%
t2
t3
t1

Figure 1 — Pulse shape
Table 2 — Pulse shape value
Pulses length t1 [µs] t2 [µs] t3 [µs] t4 [µs]
(t1 u 2,5)
(Condition)
(t1 > 2,5)
Maximum 3,0 t1 1,5 0,4
Minimum 2,0 0,7 0,5 0,0 0,0

9.2.1.3 Bit representation and coding
The following coding shall be used:
 Start of communication: at the beginning of the bit duration a “Pulse” shall occur.
 ONE: after a time of half the bit duration a “Pulse” shall occur.
 ZERO: For the full bit duration no modulation shall occur with the following two exceptions:
 If there are two or more contiguous ZEROs, from the second ZERO on a Pulse shall occur at the
beginning of the bit duration.
 If the first bit after a “start of communication” is ZERO, a ‘Pulse’ shall occur at the beginning of the bit
duration.
 End of Communication: ZERO followed by one bit duration without modulation.
 No information: shall be coded with at least two full bit duration without modulation.
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