ISO/DIS 15118-6

Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface

Véhicules routiers - Interface de communication entre véhicule et réseau électrique

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 15118-6
ISO/TC 22/SC 31 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-09-11 2015-12-11
Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface —
Part 6:
General information and use-case definition for wireless
communication

Véhicules routiers - Interface de communication entre véhicule et réseau électrique

ICS: 43.120
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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ISO/DIS 15118-6:2015(E)
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2015
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ISO/DIS 15118-6:2015(E)
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1

3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .......................................................................................................... 4

5 Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 5

5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.2 Communication infrastructure requirements ..................................................................................... 5

6 Actors ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

7 Use case elements ................................................................................................................................ 6

7.1 General description and wireless specificity ..................................................................................... 6

7.2 Motivation for additional wireless specific use cases ....................................................................... 7

7.3 Wireless communication sequence of functions ............................................................................... 8

8 Use case description ........................................................................................................................... 22

8.1 Description of the Use Case ............................................................................................................... 22

8.2 General Remark ................................................................................................................................... 25

8.3 Technical Details ................................................................................................................................. 25

8.4 Example of diagram of Use Case. ...................................................................................................... 26

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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies

(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO

technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been

established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards

adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an

International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent

rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO/IEC 15118-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 31,

Data communication.

ISO/IEC 15118 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid

communication interface:
 Part 1: General information and use-case definition
 Part 2: Network and application protocol requirements
 Part 3: Physical layer and Data Link layer requirements
 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance tests
 Part 5: Physical layer and data link layer conformance test
 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication

 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication

 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication

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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Introduction

The pending energy crisis and the necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have led vehicle

manufacturers to make a very significant effort to reduce the energy consumption of their vehicles.

They are presently developing vehicles partly or completely propelled by electric energy. Those vehicles will

reduce the dependency on oil, improve global energy efficiency and reduce the total CO2 emissions for road

transportation if the electricity is produced from renewable sources. To charge the batteries of such vehicles,

specific charging infrastructure is required.

Much of the standardization work on dimensional and electrical specifications of the charging infrastructure

and the vehicle interface is already treated in the relevant ISO or IEC groups. However, the question of

information transfer between the vehicle, the local installation and the grid has not been treated sufficiently.

Such communication is beneficial for the optimization of energy resources and energy production systems as

vehicles can recharge at the most economic or most energy-efficient instants. It is also required to develop

efficient and convenient payment systems in order to cover the resulting micro-payments. The necessary

communication channel may serve in the future to contribute to the stabilization of the electrical grid as well as

to support additional information services required to operate electric vehicles efficiently.

In ISO/IEC 15118-3 the messages exchanged between the vehicle and the infrastructure are transported by

the cable used for power transfer. With the inception of wireless power transfer technologies and the

tremendous development of wireless communication in our societies, the need for a wireless communication

between vehicle and charging infrastructure becomes imperative. This is the main focus of the new series of

ISO/IEC 15118-6-7-8 standards.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface —
Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless
communication
1 Scope

This part of ISO/IEC 15118 International Standard specifies a wireless communication link as an alternative to

the existing conductive communication link included in ISO/IEC 15118-3 standard. Although wireless link shall

comply with any applicable requirements and use cases of ISO/IEC 15118 standards, additional requirements

and use cases derived from the use of wireless communication link are described.

This standard defines general information and use case definition for wireless communication, including

extensions to existing use cases described in ISO/IEC 15118-1 and additional specific use cases for wireless

applications. This standard is applicable to conductive power transfer technologies and wireless power

transfer technologies

A particular attention has been paid to the EV-EVSE communication interface association process to ensure

that the EV is correctly associated with the unique EVSE which the EV is currently, or is willing to be, attached

to for the power transfer process.

This standard is based on existing standardised wireless communication technologies, suitable to vehicle to

grid communication.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this standard and are indispensable for its

application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the

referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050, International electrotechnical vocabulary

IEC 61851-1:2010, Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements

ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Vocabulary

ISO 15118-1, Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 1: General information

and use case definition

ISO 15118-2, Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 2: Network and

application protocol requirements

ISO 15118-3, Road Vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 3: Physical and data link

layer requirements

ISO 15118-4, Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 4: Network and

application protocol conformance test

ISO 15118-5, Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface — Part 5: Physical layer and data

link layer conformance test
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6

IEC 61980-1 , Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 1 General Requirements

IEC 61980-2, Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 2 specific requirements for

communication between electric road vehicle (EV) and infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer

(WPT) systems
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 15118-1 and the following apply.

3.1
Association

association is the process of the establishment of the wireless communication between the SECC controlling

the charging infrastructure (e.g. coils for WPT) and the EVCC
3.2
charging session

sequence between the beginning of power transfer (either through a cable connection or through a WPT)) and

the end of the power transfer (either with the disconnection of the cable or with the stop of WPT)

Note 1 to entry: During a charging session the EV may have none, one, or many periods of charging the battery, doing

pre-conditioning or post-conditioning.
3.3
Discovery

refers to the phase in which an EV obtains a list of available SECCs in its wireless communication range.

3.4
Electric Vehicle (EV)

any vehicle propelled by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable storage battery or from other

portable energy storage devices (rechargeable, using energy from a source off the vehicle such as a

residential or public electric service), which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads or

highways
3.5
Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC)

embedded system, within the vehicle, that implements the communication between the vehicle and the SECC

in order to support specific functions

Note 1 to entry: Such specific functions could be e.g. controlling input and output channels, encryption, or data transfer

between vehicle and SECC.[SOURCE: ISO 15118-1:2013]
3.6
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

in case of conductive power transfer: conductors, including the phase(s), neutral and protective earth

conductors, the EV couplers, attached plugs, and all other accessories, devices, power outlets or apparatuses

installed specifically for the purpose of delivering energy from the premises wiring to the EV and allowing

communication between them as necessary. [Source ISO/IEC15118-1:2013].

in case of Wireless power transfer (IEC 61980): EVSE is designated by Off-board electronics. Off-board

electronic includes a frequency converter that converts the mains voltage and supplies the electric power

through the primary and secondary device to the EV including all housings and covers,

Note 1 to entry: This standard will keep the wording “EVSE” whatever the power transfer process in use but

the definition will depend on the power transfer technology in use.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
3.7
High level communication

bidirectional digital communication using protocol and messages specified in ISO/IEC 15118-2 IS and

ISO/IEC 15118-7 and physical and data link layer specified in ISO/IEC 15118-3 and ISO/IEC 15118-8

3.8
Pairing

process by which a vehicle is correlated with the unique EVSE at which it is located and from which the power

will be transferred either through a cable or through a wireless technology
3.9
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

transfer of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load via electric and or magnetic fields or

waves between a primary and a secondary device
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
CSO Charging Spot Operator
DCH Demand Clearing House
EIM External Identification Means
EMOCH E-Mobility Operator Clearing House
EMSP E-Mobility Service Provider
EV Electric Vehicle
EVCC Electric Vehicle Communication Controller
EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
HMI Human Machine Interface
HLC High Level Communication
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
PLC Power Line Communication
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
SECC Supply Equipment Communication Controller
USER Vehicle User
VAS Value-Added Services
WC Wireless Communication
WPT Wireless Power Transfer
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
5 Requirements
5.1 General

The ISO/IEC 15118-1 general requirements are mandatory if applicable for wireless communication. Readers

may refer to ISO/IEC 15118-1 for more details. However, some additional requirements are introduced when

using wireless communication interface since in the case of conductive power transfer High Level

Communication may start before the driver has plugged-in. In the case of WPT, no action of plug-in is present

and specific requirements also arise.
5.2 Communication infrastructure requirements

Wireless Discovery and Association is a process known by users of wireless mobile or Wi-Fi devices. The

same principle applies to EVs when using wireless communication interface to find a charging spot.

When a large number of access points are in range, the Discovery and Association usually may require to

select a particular service in a list of sometime more than 20 items. This situation can be acceptable for mobile

users but is certainly not applicable for user driving their EV. Actually in some countries, this kind of driver

manipulation is forbidden if the EV is not stopped.

In order to simplify and make the driver experience safer, and considering that Discovery should not lead to a

long list of available SECCs, it is required that:
 On SECC side:

 SECCs may broadcast their identification and necessary information for Discovery and Association

(e.g. unique id…),

 Each SECC may control one or many EVSEs. The specification of this communication link is out of

scope of this standard however its data rate shall not degrade the overall system performance,

 Each EVSE shall have a communication link with one SECC only.
 On the EV side:
 Discovery and Association shall be possible without any driver action

Note 1 to entry: The SECC’s list in range received by EVCC may be limited by application (not in scope) provided by

OEM in order to make the driver experience more simple.

Figure 1 gives an example of Infrastructure where a unique SECC controls 4 EVSEs. EV #1 is in

communication only with the SECC.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Figure 1 —infrastructure with a unique SECC
6 Actors

Actors described in this standard don’t differ from the ones described in ISO/IEC 15118-1.

7 Use case elements
7.1 General description and wireless specificity

Wireless communication described in this standard is an alternative solution to the existing PLC

communication described in ISO/IEC 15118-3. This means that wireless communication should support High

Level Communication messages described in ISO/IEC 15118-2 as if they were transported with PLC means.

However, ISO/IEC 15118-2 message set refers to use cases described in ISO/IEC 15118-1 and developed in

the sequence A to H detailed in the figure 2:
Figure 2 — Use case function groups as defined in ISO/IEC 15118-1

The first group of use case A, namely “Start of charging process”, refers to 2 elements detailed in Table 1.

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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Table 1 — Overview of the start of charging elements
Use case Description
A1 Start of charging process with forced high-level communication
A2 Start of charging process with concurrent IEC61851-1 and high-
level communication

Both elements are using PWM signalling as described in IEC 61851-1 protocol. In other words use case A

starts when the EV plugs to the EVSE.

This situation is not the reference situation for Wireless Communication as it may start before the user plugs.

Furthermore the concept of plugging is not relevant for WPT. It is then required to replace use cases A1 and

A2 by wireless equivalences.

Association replaces the message triggered by the action of physically connecting the cable between the EV

and EVSE.
Association includes communication between two wireless interfaces:
 The EVCC wireless interface;
 The SECC wireless interface:
This process can be divided into 2 parts:
 Discovery;
 Communication Association.
7.2 Motivation for additional wireless specific use cases
7.2.1 General introduction

The action of plugging is meaningless for WPT, therefore the general use cases described in ISO/IEC 15118-

1 have to be adapted. In addition, compared to these use cases, wireless interfaces offer a much larger

variety of use cases to be addressed

The non-exhaustive following list gives some examples of the variety of these use cases:

 Driver may decide to park first and then start High Level Communication and optional Value-Added

Services,
 Driver may decide to wait for HLC and VAS before parking,
 Driver may have reserved a charging spot or not,

 In the case of conductive power transfer the driver may request VAS before plug-in,

 Use case for re-activating the wireless interface of an EV that is in sleep mode.

7.2.2 In case of conductive Power transfer

In case of conductive power transfer without PLC communication, examples of two completely different

sequences are illustrated hereafter:
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Figure 3 — Sequence illustrating the situation “ Associate then park”

In the situation of Figure 3, the driver approaches the charging area. Once in range of the wireless SECC,

Discovery and Wireless Association take place. Then HLC can start. Use cases C to E of ISO/IEC 15118-1

are applicable to wireless communication and should not change. Then, if the authentication was successful,

optional Value-Added Services needing authentication may be offered. Then the driver parks and plugs-in.

After a successful pairing the power transfer can start. Note that VAS not needing authentication may start

before authentication.
Figure 4 — Sequence illustrating the situation “park then Associate”

In the situation of Figure 4, the driver approaches the charging area and decides to park and plug first. Then

the driver switches on the wireless interface and Discovery and Wireless Association start. The pairing may

confirm or not that the place and EVSE the driver selected are available for power transfer. If the place is

confirmed then HLC and sequences of use cases C to E of ISO/IEC 15118-1 take place. Optional VAS

becomes available after authentication. Then power transfer starts.
7.2.3 In case of WPT

In case of wireless power transfer, the plug-in action is no longer relevant, and an alternative mechanism is

required to make sure that the EV is parked at the appropriate place for the beginning of power transfer. In the

following illustrations, the sequences are very similar, Plug-in being replaced by fine positioning sequence.

In Figure 5 we get the situation similar to figure 4 where the driver approaches the charging area, then the EV

associates, and starts fine positioning (out of scope of this standard), then pairing and finally power transfer

may start.

Figure 5 — Sequence illustrating the situation “Associate then park” in case of WPT

In Figure 6 we get the situation where the driver approaches the charging area, then starts fine positioning

(out of scope of this standard), wireless Association, HLC then pairing and power transfer. In this example

Fine positioning comes first because wireless communication is not required by the technology used for this

Fine positioning.

Figure 6 — Sequence illustrating the situation “Park then Associate” in case of WPT

Note that the above sequences are only examples of sequences of events that might happen in order for an

EV to be charged at an EVSE. The sequence may vary depending on the actual implementation of the EV and

charging infrastructures.
7.3 Wireless communication sequence of functions
7.3.1 General introduction

The wireless sequence of function follows the same principle as the one used in ISO/IEC 15118-1. To

describe the additional use cases for wireless communication the functional groups in ISO/IEC 15118-1 are

complemented in this standard.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6

All requirements necessary to these use cases are defined in ISO/IEC 15118-7, ISO/IEC15118-8

The charging scenario is separated into functional groups to allow the classification of the elementary use

cases (see Table 2). For each functional group, several elementary use cases are possible. Each use case

can be a combination of elementary use cases. Functional groups starting with "W" are specific to wireless

communication. The other groups are based on existing groups from ISO/IEC 15118-1 and shall be used

unchanged. VAS not requiring authorisation may start as soon as communication is established. Other VAS,

requiring authorisation, shall wait for HLC to be established and authorisation being granted.

Table 2 — Overview of elements of use cases specific to wireless where the tables above

complements the counterpart table in ISO/IEC 15118-1
Element Description
WA Discovery
WB Communication setup
WD Authentication with prior reservation
WP Paring and fine positioning
WE WPT target setting and charge scheduling
WF WPT charge control
WH WPT end of charge
WA1 Automatic discovery with reservation
WA2 Manual or automatic discovery without reservation
WP1 WPT Fine positioning
WPT Fine positioning without communication
WP2
support
WP3 Conductive power transfer Pairing
WP4 WPT Pairing
7.3.2 Functional groups description

The following groups occur when an EV approaches an area where one or more SECC are featuring wireless

interface.
7.3.2.1 WA1: Automatic Discovery with reservation

The use case is developed to show in what conditions an EV can connect automatically to an SECC using the

information supplied by the reservation operator after the reservation process. Reservation process itself is

out of scope of this standard.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
Table 3 — Automatic discovery with reservation
No. Type Description
1 Use case element Automatic discovery with reservation
name
2 Use case element WA1

3 Objectives The goal of this use case is to automatically discover SECC based on

information received by reservation operator.

4 Description The driver selects the right SECC ID according to the information linked to the

reservation ID. If the SECC ID is already stored in the application memory, e.g.
as it was included in the reservation response or assigned upon arrival at the

site, application automatically selects the right SECC ID on behalf of the driver.

The actors involved are:
Primary actors: USER, EVCC, SECC

5 Prerequisites An EV is approaching a charging spot area. EVCC wireless interface is in range

of SECC wireless interface.
The driver has reserved an EVSE and has received a valid reservation ID.
As an example, this reservation ID could have been obtained through a
reservation protocol as specified in ETSI TS 101 556-3 [informative ref]. The
format of the reservation ID may be alphanumerical.

6 Requirements EVCC and SECC feature active wireless interfaces complying with ISO/IEC

15118-6-7-8.
When in range, the appropriate display (could be an on-board EV system or an
independent system like a smartphone) shows the list of all local SECCs
currently broadcasting their ID.
7 End conditions Success end conditions:
– Successful SECC Discovery.
Failure end conditions:
– SECCs in the list don’t correspond to the SECC ID received during
reservation.
– Discovery aborted by driver or application.
– Reservation mismatch or expiration.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
7.3.2.2 WA2: Manual or automatic Discovery without reservation

In this use case, the driver, for manual discovery, or an application if the SECC’s ID is already stored in the

application memory, for automatic discovery, selects one SECC ID in relation with its charging station.

Table 4 — Manual or automatic Discovery without reservation
No. Type Description
1 Use case element Manual or automatic Discovery without reservation
name
2 Use case element WA2

3 Objectives The goal of this use case is to select manually or automatically an SECC.

4 Description The driver selects one SECC ID in relation with its charging station area choice

(if the SECC’s ID is already stored in the application memory, application

automatically selects the right SECC’s ID on behalf of the driver). It is assumed

that if a password is required, it is given to the driver locally by the CSO or by the

EMSP after request to DCH.
The actors involved are:
Primary actors: USER, EVSE, SECC, SA

5 Prerequisites An EV is approaching a charging spot area. EVCC wireless interface is in range

of SECC wireless interface

6 Requirements EVCC and SECC feature active wireless interfaces complying with ISO/IEC

15118-6-7-8.
When in range, the appropriate display (could be an inboard EV system or an
independent system like a smartphone) shows the list of all local SECCs
currently broadcasting their ID.
7 End conditions Success end conditions:
– Successful SECC Discovery.
Failure end conditions:
– SECCs in the list don’t correspond to driver’s preferred choice
– Discovery aborted by driver or application.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15118-6
7.3.2.3 WB: EVCC/SECC communication setup

The goal of this use case element is to establish a wireless communication link between EVCC and SECC

...