ISO 10639:2004

Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water supply - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin

ISO 10639:2004 specifies the properties of piping system components made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) for water supply with or without pressure, as well as the properties of the system itself. It is applicable to GRP-UP piping systems, with flexible or rigid joints with or without end thrust load-bearing capability, primarily intended for use in buried installations. It is applicable to pipes, fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 50 to DN 4000 which are intended to be used for the conveyance of water at temperatures up to 50 °C, with or without pressure. In a pipework system, pipes and fittings of different nominal pressure and stiffness ratings may be used together.

Systèmes de canalisation en matières plastiques pour l'alimentation en eau avec ou sans pression — Systèmes en plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de polyester non saturé (UP)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Jan-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Jan-2004
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• ICS: 91.140.60 - Water supply systems
• ICS: 93.025 - External water conveyance systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 138/SC 6 - Reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for all applications
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 138/SC 6/WG 3 - Specifications for pipe systems
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 12-Oct-2017
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Amended By: ISO 10639:2004/Amd 1:2011 - Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water supply - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revised: ISO 10639:2017 - Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water supply - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin
• Effective Date: 02-Nov-2013
• Parent: ISO 10639:2004/Amd 1:2011 - Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water supply - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 31-Jul-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10639
First edition
2004-02-01
Plastics piping systems for pressure and
non-pressure water supply — Glass-
reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP)
systems based on unsaturated polyester
(UP) resin
Systèmes de canalisation en matières plastiques pour l'alimentation
en eau avec ou sans pression — Systèmes en plastiques
thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) à base de résine de
polyester non saturé (UP)
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 2
3 Terms and definitions. 3
4 General. 13
4.1 Classification. 13
4.2 Materials. 14
4.3 Wall construction. 15
4.4 Appearance. 16
4.5 Reference conditions for testing. 16
4.6 Elapsed time, x, for determination of long-term properties. 16
4.7 Joints. 16
4.8 Effect on water quality. 17
5 Pipes. 18
5.1 Geometrical characteristics. 18
5.2 Mechanical characteristics. 25
5.3 Resistance of pressure pipes to cyclic internal pressure . 35
5.4 Marking. 35
6 Fittings. 36
6.1 All types. 36
6.2 Bends. 37
6.3 Branches. 42
6.4 Reducers. 45
6.5 Saddles. 49
6.6 Flanged adaptors. 50
6.7 Marking. 53
7 Joint performance. 54
7.1 General. 54
7.2 Flexible joints. 54
7.3 Rigid joints. 57
Annex A (normative) Principles used to establish the design requirements based on regression
testing and consideration of the variability of the product . 63
Annex B (informative) Guidance on leaktightness testing. 71

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10639 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 6, Reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for all applications.

iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10639:2004(E)

Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water
supply — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP)
systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the properties of piping system components made from glass-reinforced
thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) for water supply with or without
pressure, as well as the properties of the system itself.
This International Standard is applicable to GRP-UP piping systems, with flexible or rigid joints with or without
end thrust load-bearing capability, primarily intended for use in buried installations.
NOTE Piping systems conforming to this International Standard can also be used for non-buried applications
provided the influence of the environment and the supports are considered in the design of the pipes, fittings and joints.
This International Standard is applicable to pipes, fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 50 to
DN 4000 which are intended to be used for the conveyance of water at temperatures up to 50 °C, with or
without pressure. In a pipework system, pipes and fittings of different nominal pressure and stiffness ratings
may be used together.
Clause 4 specifies the general aspects of GRP-UP piping systems intended to be used in the field of water
supply with or without pressure.
Clause 5 specifies the characteristics of pipes made from GRP-UP with or without aggregates and/or fillers.
The pipes may have a thermoplastics or thermosetting resin liner. Clause 5 also specifies the test parameters
for the test methods referred to in this International Standard.
Clause 6 specifies the characteristics of fittings made from GRP-UP, with or without a thermoplastics or
thermosetting resin liner, intended to be used in the field of water supply. Clause 6 specifies the dimensional
and performance requirements for bends, branches, reducers, saddles and flanged adaptors. Clause 6 is
applicable to fittings made using any of the following techniques:
a) fabrication from straight pipes;
b) moulding by
1) filament winding,
2) tape winding,
3) contact moulding,
4) hot or cold compression moulding.
Clause 7 is applicable to the joints to be used in GRP-UP piping systems to be used for the conveyance of
water, both buried and non-buried. It covers requirements to prove the design of the joint. Clause 7 specifies
type test performance requirements for the following joints as a function of the declared nominal pressure
rating of the pipeline or system:
a) socket-and-spigot (including double-socket) joints or mechanical joints;
b) locked socket-and-spigot joints;
c) cemented or wrapped joints;
d) bolted flange joints.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 75-2:2003, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and
ebonite
ISO 161-1, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Nominal outside diameters and nominal
pressures — Part 1: Metric series
ISO 527-4, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and
orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites
ISO 527-5, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-
reinforced plastic composites
ISO 2078, Textile glass — Yarns — Designation
ISO 2531, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water or gas applications
ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions
ISO 4200, Plain end steel tubes, welded and seamless — General tables of dimensions and masses per unit
length
ISO 7432:2002, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods to prove the
design of locked socket-and-spigot joints, including double-socket joints, with elastomeric seals
ISO 7509, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of
time to failure under sustained internal pressure
ISO 7511:1999, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings —
Test methods to prove the leaktightness of the wall under short-term internal pressure
ISO 7685, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of
initial specific ring stiffness
ISO 8483:2003, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods to prove the
design of bolted flange joints
2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO 8513:2000, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes —
Determination of longitudinal tensile properties
ISO 8521:1998, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes —
Determination of the apparent initial circumferential tensile strength
ISO 8533:2003, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods to prove the
design of cemented or wrapped joints
ISO 8639:2000, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods for
leaktightness of flexible joints
ISO/TR 10465-3, Underground installation of flexible glass-reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP) pipes —
Part 3: Installation parameters and application limits
ISO 10466, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Test method to
prove the resistance to initial ring deflection
ISO 10468, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term specific
ring creep stiffness under wet conditions and calculation of the wet creep factor
ISO 10471, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term ultimate
bending strain and the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions
ISO 10928:1997, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and
fittings — Methods for regression analysis and their use
ISO 11922-1, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
Metric series
ISO 14828, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term specific
ring relaxation stiffness under wet conditions and calculation of the wet relaxation factor
ISO 15306, Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the resistance to cyclic
internal pressure
EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage
applications — Part 1: Vulcanized rubber
EN 681-2, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage
applications — Part 2: Thermoplastic elastomers
JIS A 5350, Fibreglass reinforced plastic mortar pipes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
nominal size
DN
alphanumerical designation of size, which is common to all components in a piping system, which is a
convenient round number for reference purposes and is related to the internal diameter in millimetres
NOTE The designation for reference or marking purposes consists of the letters DN plus a number.
3.2
declared diameter
diameter which a manufacturer states to be the mean internal or external diameter produced in respect of a
particular nominal size (DN)
3.3
nominal stiffness
SN
alphanumerical designation of stiffness classification purposes, which has the same numerical value as the
minimum initial value required, when expressed in newtons per square metre (N/m ) (see 4.1.3)
NOTE The designation for reference or marking purposes consists of the letters SN plus a number.
3.4
specific ring stiffness
S
measure of the resistance, in newtons per square metre, of a pipe to ring deflection per metre length under
external load as defined by Equation (1):
E × I
S = (1)
d
m
where
E is the apparent modulus of elasticity as determined in a ring stiffness test, in newtons per square
metre (N/m );
I is the second moment of area in the longitudinal direction per metre length, in metres to the fourth
power per metre (m /m), i.e.
e
I = (2)
e being the wall thickness, in metres (m);
d is the mean diameter of the pipe, in metres (m) (see 3.5)
m
3.5
mean diameter
d
m
diameter of the circle corresponding to the middle of the pipe wall cross-section and given, in metres (m), by
either Equation (3) or (4)
d = d + e (3)
m i
d = d – e (4)
m e
where
d is the internal diameter, in metres (m);
i
d is the external diameter, in metres (m);
e
e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres (m)
4 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3.6
initial specific ring stiffness
S
value of S obtained when determined in accordance with ISO 7685, in newtons per square metre (N/m )
3.7
wet creep factor
α
x, wet, creep
ratio of the long-term specific ring stiffness, S , at x years (see 4.6), determined under sustained loading in
x, wet
wet conditions in accordance with ISO 10468, to the initial specific ring stiffness, S , both measured at the
same position referred to as reference position 1
NOTE It is given by Equation (5):
S
x, 1, wet
α = (5)
x, wet, creep
S
0, 1
3.8
wet relaxation factor
α
x, wet, relax
ratio of the long-term specific ring stiffness, S , at x years (see 4.6), determined under sustained deflection
x, wet
in wet conditions in accordance with ISO 14828, to the initial specific ring stiffness, S , both measured at the
same position, referred to as reference position 1
NOTE It is given by Equation (6):
S
x, 1, wet
α = (6)
x, wet, relax
S
0, 1
3.9
calculated long-term specific ring stiffness
S
x, wet
calculated value of S (see 4.6) at x years, obtained by Equation (7):
SS=×α (7)
xx, wet 0 , wet
where
x is the elapsed time, in years, specified in this International Standard (see 4.6);
α is either the wet creep factor (see 3.7) or the wet relaxation factor (see 3.8);
x, wet
S is the initial specific ring stiffness, in newtons per square metre (N/m ) (see 3.6).
3.10
rerating factor
R
RF
multiplication factor that quantifies the relation between a mechanical, physical or chemical property under the
service conditions compared to the respective value at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity (R.H.)
3.11
nominal pressure
PN
alphanumeric designation for pressure classification purposes which is numerically equal to the resistance of
1)
a component of a piping system to internal pressure, expressed in bars
NOTE The designation for reference or marking purposes consists of the letters PN plus a number.
3.12
type test
test carried out in order to assess the fitness for purpose of a product or assembly of components to fulfil its or
their function(s) in accordance with the product specification
3.13
nominal length
numerical designation of pipe length which is equal to the laying length (see 3.15), expressed in metres (m),
rounded to the nearest whole number
3.14
total length
distance between two planes normal to the pipe axis and passing through the extreme end points of the pipe,
expressed in metres (m)
3.15
laying length
total length of a pipe minus, where applicable, the manufacturer's recommended insertion depth of the
spigot(s) in the socket
3.16
normal service conditions
conveyance of surface water or sewage in the temperature range 2 °C to 50 °C, with or without pressure, for
50 years
NOTE At temperatures above 35 °C, it may be necessary to rerate the pipe.
3.17
working pressure
p
w
internal pressure, excluding surge, at which a system is to be continuously operated, expressed in bars
3.18
maximum working pressure
maximum internal pressure, excluding surge, at which a system can be continuously operated, expressed in
bars
3.19
surge
rapid change in internal pressure, either positive or negative, caused by a change in the flow velocity
NOTE It is expressed in bars.
3.20
surge allowance
value, expressed in bars or as a percentage of the maximum working pressure of a pipe, that can be added to
the maximum working pressure to allow for occasional fluctuations in pressure
NOTE The value may vary depending upon the anticipated frequency of the surge conditions.

5 2
1) 1 bar = 10 N/m = 100 kPa (or = 0,1 MPa)
6 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3.21
static design pressure
maximum working pressure of a system, taking into account current and future use, fixed by the designer
NOTE It is expressed in bars.
3.22
maximum design pressure
maximum working pressure, including surge, that the designer anticipates in a system
NOTE It is expressed in bars.
3.23
non-pressure pipe or fitting
pipe or fitting subjected to an internal pressure not greater than 1 bar
3.24
pressure pipe or fitting
pipe or fitting having a nominal pressure classification, expressed in bars, greater than 1 bar and which is
intended to be used at internal pressures up to its nominal pressure in bars
3.25
buried pipeline
pipeline which is subjected to the external pressure transmitted from soil loading, including traffic and
superimposed loads and possibly the pressure of a head of water
3.26
non-buried pipeline
pipeline which is subjected to negative and positive pressure, forces resulting from its supports, environmental
conditions, e.g. snow and wind, and possibly the pressure of a head of water
3.27
sub-aqueous pipeline
pipeline which is subjected to an external pressure arising from a head of water and conditions such as drag
and lift caused by current and wave action
3.28
design service temperature
maximum sustained temperature at which a system is expected to operate, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C)
3.29
variance
measure of dispersion based on the mean square deviation from the arithmetic mean
3.30
standard deviation
σ
positive square root of the variance
3.31
coefficient of variation
Y
ratio of the standard deviation to the absolute value of the arithmetic mean [see Equation (8)]:
Standard deviation of the population
Y = (8)
Mean of the population
NOTE In this International Standard, it is expressed as a percentage.
3.32
acceptable quality level
AQL
quality level which, for the purposes of sampling inspection of a continuous series of lots, is the limit of a
satisfactory process-average percent nonconforming
3.33
projected failure pressure at 6 min
p
value at 6 min derived from the pressure regression line obtained from long-term pressure tests performed in
accordance with ISO 7509 and analysed in accordance with ISO 10928
3.34
projected failure pressure at 50 years
p
value at 50 years derived from the pressure regression line obtained from long-term pressure tests performed
in accordance with ISO 7509 and analysed in accordance with ISO 10928
3.35
pressure regression ratio
R
R, p
ratio of the projected failure pressure at 50 years, p , to the projected failure pressure at 6 min, p , obtained
50 6
from long-term pressure tests performed in accordance with ISO 7509 [see Equation (9)] and analysed in
accordance with ISO 10928
p
R = (9)
R, p
p
3.36
initial failure pressure
p
pressure at which failure occurs with specimens subjected to short-term tests performed in accordance with
ISO 8521
3.37
minimum failure pressure at 50 years
p
50, 97,5 % LCL, min
failure pressure at 50 years which 97,5 % of products are required to exceed [see Equation (10)]:
p = PN × η (10)
50, 97,5 % LCL, min t, PN, 97,5 % LCL, min

3.38
minimum failure pressure at 6 min
p
6, min
failure pressure at 6 min which 97,5 % of products are required to exceed [see Equation (11)]:
p
50, 97,5 % LCL, min
p = (11)
6, min
R
R, p
3.39
correction factor for initial failure pressure
C
factor used to convert projected 6-min values, p , to initial failure pressure values, p [see Equation (12)]:
6 0
p
C = (12)
p
8 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3.40
minimum initial failure pressure
p
0, min
initial failure pressure, determined in accordance with ISO 8521, which 97,5 % of products are required to
exceed [see Equation (13)]:
PP=×C (13)
0, min 6, min
3.41
minimum design pressure
p
0, d
design initial failure pressure to ensure 97,5 % of products will exceed p [see Equation (14)]:
0, min
(14)
pp=×
0, d 0, min
1−×Y 0,01×1,96
()
3.42
minimum mean failure pressure at 50 years
p
50, mean, min
failure pressure at 50 years which 50 % of products are required to exceed [see Equation (15)]:
p = PN × η (15)
50, mean, min t, PN, mean
where PN is expressed in bars
3.43
AQL multiplier
MPL
test
multiplier, whose value is dependent upon the specified AQL (see 3.32), that is used with the coefficient of
variation (see 3.31)
EXAMPLES If the AQL = 6,5 %, then MPL = 1,51. If the AQL = 2,5 %, then MPL = 1,96.
tes test
t
3.44
tensile safety factor
η
t
safety factor which is applied to the tensile strength of a product
3.45
tensile safety factor related to p
50, 97,5 % LCL, min
η
t, PN, 97,5 %, min
safety factor which is applied to the nominal pressure (PN) to ensure that 97,5 % of products when installed in
the ground can operate at a working pressure, p (see 3.17), equal to PN without failure for at least 50 years
w
NOTE For further information, see ISO/TR 10465-3.
3.46
relative ring deflection
y/d
m
ratio of the change in diameter of a pipe, y, in metres, to its mean diameter, d (see 3.5)
m
NOTE It is derived as a percentage from Equation (16):
y
Relative ring deflection=×100 (16)
d
m
3.47
projected initial relative ultimate ring deflection
y /d
2 m
projected deflection value at 2 min derived from the ultimate deflection regression line obtained from long-term
ultimate deflection tests performed in accordance with ISO 10471 and analysed in accordance with ISO 10928
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
3.48
minimum initial relative specific ring deflection before bore cracking occurs
(y /d )
2, bore m min
initial relative deflection at 2 min which a test piece is required to pass without bore cracking when tested in
accordance with ISO 10466
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
3.49
minimum initial relative specific ring deflection before structural failure occurs
(y /d )
2, struct m min
initial relative deflection at 2 min which a test piece is required to pass without structural failure when tested in
accordance with ISO 10466
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
3.50
extrapolated long-term relative ultimate ring deflection
y /d
u, wet, x m
deflection value at x years (see 4.6) derived from the ultimate deflection regression line obtained from long-
term deflection tests performed under wet conditions in accordance with ISO 10471 and analysed in
accordance with ISO 10928
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
3.51
minimum long-term relative ultimate ring deflection
(y /d )
u, wet, x m min
required minimum extrapolated value at x years (see 4.6) derived from the ultimate deflection regression line
obtained from long-term deflection tests performed under wet conditions in accordance with ISO 10471
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100.
3.52
ultimate deflection regression ratio
R
R, dv
ratio of the extrapolated long-term relative ultimate ring deflection at x years (see 4.6), y /d (see 3.50),
u, wet, x m
to the projected initial ultimate ring deflection, y /d (see 3.47), obtained from long-term ultimate ring
2 m
deflection tests performed in accordance with ISO 10471 [see Equation (17)] and analysed in accordance with
ISO 10928
yd/
u, wet, x m
R = (17)
R, dv
yd/
2m
3.53
angular deflection
δ
angle between the axes of two consecutive pipes (see Figure 1), expressed in degrees (°)
10 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3.54
draw
D
longitudinal movement of a joint (see Figure 1), expressed in millimetres (mm)
3.55
total draw
T
sum of the draw, D, and the additional longitudinal movement, J, of joint components due to the presence of
angular deflection (see Figure 1), expressed in millimetres (mm)
3.56
misalignment
M
amount by which the centrelines of consecutive components fail to coincide (see Figure 1), expressed in
millimetres (mm)
3.57
flexible joint
joint which allows relative movement between the components being joined
NOTE Flexible joints which have resistance to axial loading are classified as end-load-bearing.
Examples of this type of joint are:
a) socket-and-spigot joints with an elastomeric sealing element (including double-socket designs);
b) locked socket-and-spigot joints with an elastomeric sealing element (including double-socket designs);
c) mechanically clamped joints, e.g. bolted couplings including components made of materials other than GRP.
3.58
rigid joint
joint which does not allow relative movement between the components being joined
NOTE Rigid joints which do not have resistance to axial loading are classified as non-end-load-bearing.
Examples of this type of joint are:
a) flanged joints including integral or loose flanges;
b) wrapped or cemented joints.
3.59
break
condition where the test piece can no longer carry the load to which it is being subjected
3.60
combined tensile safety factor
η
hat
safety factor for combined circumferential tensile loading arising from internal pressure and flexure
a)
b)
c)
d)
Key
D draw
J longitudinal movement arising from angular deflection of the joint
δ angular deflection of the joint
T total draw
M misalignment
Figure 1 — Joint movements
12 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4 General
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Categories
Pipes and fittings shall be classified according to nominal size (DN) (see 3.1), nominal pressure (PN)
(see 3.11) and joint type.
In addition, pipes shall include nominal stiffness (SN) (see 3.3) in their classification.
4.1.2 Nominal size
The nominal size (DN) of pipes and fittings in the range DN 50 to DN 4000 shall conform to the appropriate
Tables in Clause 5 of this International Standard. If a thermoplastics liner is present, its internal diameter shall
be declared by the manufacturer. The tolerance on the diameter shall be as specified in Clause 5 of this
International Standard.
4.1.3 Nominal stiffness
The nominal stiffness (SN) shall conform to one of those given in Table 1 (see Notes 1 to 3 to Table 1).
Table 1 — Nominal stiffness (SN)
Nominal stiffness
Series S1 Series S2
630 500
1250 1000
2500 2000
5000 4000
10000 8000
NOTE 1 Series S1 is the preferred series for GRP-UP pipes and
series S2 is an alternative series.
NOTE 2 These nominal stiffnesses correspond to the values specified
in Clause 5 of this International Standard for the minimum initial specific
ring stiffness in newtons per square metre (N/m ).
NOTE 3 Pipes of nominal stiffness less than SN 1000 are not
intended for laying directly in the ground.

Where special applications require the use of pipes having a higher nominal stiffness than those given in
Table 1, the pipe shall be marked SN X, where X is the nominal stiffness of the pipe.
4.1.4 Nominal pressure
The nominal pressure (PN) shall conform to one of those given in Table 2.
Where pressures other than the nominal values in Table 2 are to be supplied by agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser the pressure marking shall be PN X, where X is the value.
Table 2 — Nominal pressure (PN)
Nominal pressure
(2,5)
(4)
(9)
(12)
(15)
(18)
(20)
NOTE 1 Values in parentheses are non-preferred nominal
pressures.
NOTE 2 Pipes marked PN 1 are non-pressure (gravity)
pipes.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 General
The pipe or fitting shall be constructed using chopped and/or continuous glass filaments, strands or rovings,
mats or fabric, and polyester resin with or without fillers and, if applicable, with those additives necessary to
impart specific properties to the resin. The pipe or fitting may also incorporate aggregates and, if required, a
thermoplastics liner.
4.2.2 Reinforcement
The glass used for the manufacture of the reinforcement shall be of one of the following types:
a) type E, comprising primarily either oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium (alumino-calcosilicate glass)
or silicon, aluminium and boron (alumino-borosilicate glass);
b) type C, comprising primarily oxides of silicon, sodium, potassium, calcium and boron (alkali-metal calcium
glass with an increased boron trioxide content) which is intended for applications requiring enhanced
chemical resistance.
In either of these types of glass, small amounts of oxides of other metals will be present.
NOTE These descriptions for type C glass and type E glass are consistent with, but more specific than, those given
in ISO 2078.
The reinforcement shall be made from continuously drawn filaments of type E or type C glass, and shall have
a surface finish compatible with the resin to be used. It may be used in any form, e.g. as continuous or
chopped filaments, strands or rovings, mat or fabric. Surface mats or veils of synthetic (organic) fibres may be
used on the surfaces of the components.
14 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4.2.3 Resin
The resin used in the structural layer (see 4.3.2) shall have a temperature of deflection of at least 70 °C when
tested in accordance with method A of ISO 75-2:2004 with the test specimen in the edgewise position.
4.2.4 Aggregates and fillers
The particle size of aggregates and fillers shall not exceed 1/5 of the total wall thickness of the pipe or fitting or
2,5 mm, whichever is the smaller.
4.2.5 Thermoplastics liners
When using a thermoplastics liner that requires a bonding material, care shall be taken to ensure that the
bonding material is compatible with all other materials used in the pipe construction.
4.2.6 Elastomers
The elastomeric material(s) of the seal shall conform to the applicable part of EN 681 or, if available, a similar
national standard that is acceptable to both the purchaser and supplier.
4.2.7 Metals
Metallic components may be used in the system.
4.3 Wall construction
4.3.1 Inner layer
The inner layer shall comprise one of the following:
a) a thermosetting resin layer with or without aggregates and fillers and with or without a reinforcement;
b) a thermoplastics liner.
The resin used in this inner layer need not conform to the temperature of deflection requirements given in
4.2.3.
4.3.2 Structural layer
The structural layer shall consist of glass reinforcement and a thermosetting resin, with or without aggregates
or fillers.
4.3.3 Outer layer
The construction of the outer layer of the pipe shall take into account the environment in which the pipe is to
be used. This layer shall be formed of a thermosetting resin with or without aggregates and fillers and with or
without a reinforcement made of glass or synthetic filaments.
NOTE Special constructions may be necessary where the pipe is exposed to extreme climatic, environmental or
ground conditions. For example, provision may be made for the inclusion of pigments or inhibitors for extreme climatic
conditions or to give fire-retarding properties.
The resin used in this outer layer need not conform to the temperature of deflection requirements in 4.2.3.
4.4 Appearance
Both the internal and the external surfaces shall be free from irregularities which would impair the ability of the
component to conform to the requirements of this International Standard.
4.5 Reference conditions for testing
4.5.1 Temperature
The mechanical, physical and chemical properties specified in this International Standard shall, unless
otherwise specified, be determined at (23 ± 5) °C.
For service temperatures over 35 °C, type tests shall be carried out at least at the design service temperature
(see 3.28) to establish rerating factors for all long-term properties of relevance to the design of pipes and
fittings.
4.5.2 Properties of water for testing
The water used for the tests referred to in this International Standard shall be tap water having a pH of 7 ± 2.
4.5.3 Loading conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the mechanical, physical and chemical properties specified in this International
Standard shall be determined using circumferential and/or longitudinal loading conditions, as applicable.
4.5.4 Conditioning
Unless otherwise specified, in cases of dispute store the test piece(s) in air at the test temperature specified in
4.5.1 for at least 24 h prior to testing.
4.5.5 Measurement of dimensions
In cases of dispute, determine the dimensions of GRP components at the temperature specified in 4.5.1.
Make all measurements in accordance with ISO 3126 or using any other method of sufficient accuracy to
determine conformity or non-conformity with the applicable limits. Make all routine measurements at the
prevailing temperature or, if the manufacturer prefers, at the temperature specified in 4.5.1.
4.6 Elapsed time, x, for determination of long-term properties
The subscript x in, for example, S (see 3.8) denotes the time at which the long-term property is to be
x, wet
determined. Unless otherwise specified, the long-term properties shall be determined at 50 years (438 000 h).
4.7 Joints
4.7.1 General
If requested, the manufacturer shall declare the length and the maximum external diameter of the assembled
joint.
4.7.2 Types of joint
A joint shall be classified as either flexible (see 3.57) or rigid (see 3.58), and in either case the manufacturer
shall declare whether or not it is capable of resisting end loads.
16 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4.7.3 Flexibility of the joint
4.7.3.1 Allowable angular deflection
The manufacturer shall declare the allowable angular deflection (see 3.53) for which each joint is designed.
Flexible joints, i.e. those which are not locked, shall have a maximum allowable angular deflection that is not
less than the applicable value given below:
 3° for pipes and/or fittings with a nominal size equal to or less than DN 500;
 2° for pipes and/or fittings with a nominal size greater than DN 500 but equal to or less than DN 900;
 1° for pipes and/or fittings with a nominal size greater than DN 900 but equal to or less than DN 1800;
 0,5° for pipes and/or fittings with a nominal size greater than DN 1800.
For locked joints, the manufacturer shall declare the maximum allowable angular deflection.
By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, flexible joints intended to be used at pressures
greater than 16 bar may have lower allowable angular deflections than those given in this subclause.
4.7.3.2 Allowable draw
The manufacturer shall declare the maximum allowable draw (see 3.54) for which each joint is designed.
For flexible joints, the maximum allowable draw, which includes Poisson contraction and temperature effects,
shall not be less than 0,3 % of the laying length of the longest pipe which it is intended to use in the case of
pressure pipes and 0,2 % in the case of non-pressure pipes. For locked joints, the manufacturer shall declare
the maximum allowable draw.
4.7.4 Sealing ring
The sealing ring shall not have any detrimental effect on the properties of the components with which it is
used and shall not cause the test assembly to fail the performance requirements specified in Clause 7 of this
International Standard.
4.7.5 Adhesives
Adhesives, if required for jointing, shall be as specified by the manufacturer of the joint. The joint manufacturer
shall ensure that the adhesives do not have any detrimental effects on the components with which they are
used and shall not cause the test assembly to fail the performance requirements specified in Clause 7 of this
International Standard.
4.8 Effect on water quality
Attention is drawn to the need for components to comply with any national regulations on the quality of
drinking water in force at the location where the components are to be used.
5 Pipes
5.1 Geometrical characteristics
5.1.1 Diameter
5.1.1.1 Diameter series
NOTE In standardizing the diameters of GRP pipes, difficulties are encountered because of the various methods
used to manufacture them (e.g. filament winding, centrifugal casting or contact moulding). Typically, GRP pipes are
produced by controlling either the internal diameter or the external diameter to a fixed value.
Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, GRP pipes shall be designated by
nominal size in accordance with one of the following two series:
 series A, which specifies the internal diameter as being equal to the nominal size in millimetres;
 series B, which specifies the external diameter in millimetres.
5.1.1.2 Nominal size
Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the nominal size (DN) shall be chosen
from the values given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Nominal size (DN)
Nominal size
50 600 (1650) (2900)
75 700 (1700) 3000
100 (750) 1800 (3100)
125 800 (1900) 3200
150 900 2000 (3300)
200 1000 (2100) 3400
250 (1100) 2200 (3500)
300 1200 (2300) 3600
350 (1300) 2400 (3700)
(375) (1350) (2500) 3800
400 1400 2600 (3900)
450 (1500) (2700) 4000
500 1600 2800
NOTE Figures in parentheses are non-preferred values.

5.1.1.3 Specified diameters
5.1.1.3.1 General
Pipes may be supplied conforming to 5.1.1.3.2 (series A), 5.1.1.3.3 (series B) or, by agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser, another diameter series.
18 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Pipes having other diameters may be supplied by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.1.1.3.2 Series A (internal diameter specified)
The internal diameter, in millimetres, shall conform to the applicable values relative to the nominal size given
in Table 4.
5.1.1.3.3 Series B (external diameter specified)
The external diameter, in millimetres, shall conform to the applicable value relative to the nominal size given in
Table 5, Table 6 or Table 7.
The dimensions of pipes w
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