ISO 22965-1:2007

Concrete — Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier

ISO 22965-1:2007 applies to concrete for structures cast in situ, pre-cast structures and structural pre-cast products for buildings and civil engineering structures. The concrete can be mixed on site, ready-mixed concrete or produced in a plant for pre-cast concrete products. ISO 22965-1:2007 applies to concrete compacted to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than entrained air and to normal-weight, heavy-weight and light-weight concrete. Other International Standards for specific products, e.g. pre-cast products, or for processes within the field of the scope of ISO 22965-1:2007, can require or permit deviations from ISO 22965-1:2007. ISO 22965-1:2007 contains requirements for the specification of concrete and guidance for the exchange of information between the specifier and supplier. An informative annex gives general guidance on specification. More specific guidance on specification related to the local conditions can be given in a national annex. ISO 22965-1:2007 does not apply to concrete with a maximum aggregate size equal to or less than 4 mm or 5 mm (mortar), aerated concrete, foamed concrete, concrete with an open structure ("no-fine aggregate" concrete), concrete with a density less than 800 kg/m3 and refractory concrete. ISO 22965-1:2007 does not cover health and safety requirements for the protection of workers during production and delivery of concrete.

Béton — Partie 1: Méthodes de spécification et lignes directrices pour le spécificateur

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-Mar-2007
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 71/SC 3 - Concrete production and execution of concrete structures
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 71/SC 3 - Concrete production and execution of concrete structures
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Completion Date: 17-Nov-2022

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 11111-4:2005/Amd 2:2016 - Textile machinery — Safety requirements — Part 4: Yarn processing, cordage and rope manufacturing machinery — Amendment 2
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22965-1
First edition
2007-04-01

Concrete —
Part 1:
Methods of specifying and guidance
for the specifier
Béton —
Partie 1: Méthodes de spécification et lignes directrices pour le
spécificateur




Reference number
ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007

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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
5 Specification of concrete . 6
6 Exchange of information. 10
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the specifier of exposure classes, consistence classes and
strength classes. 12
Annex B (informative) Performance-related design methods with respect to durability . 17
Annex C (normative) Identity testing for compressive strength. 19
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the national annex. 21
Bibliography . 22

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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22965-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed
concrete, Subcommittee SC 3, Concrete production and execution of concrete structures.
ISO 22965 consists of the following parts, under the general title Concrete:
⎯ Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
⎯ Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concrete
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is intended for nations that have no national concrete standard and it sets out a
framework of principles for nations revising their national standards. To be operable, this International
Standard needs a national annex or a reference to the national complementary provisions. This International
Standard can also be applied on specific projects where a project specification supplements the standards in
lieu of a national annex applicable at the place of use.
This International Standard is applied under various climatic and geographical conditions, various levels of
protection and under different established regional traditions and experience. Consequently, this International
Standard includes classes for concrete with different properties to cover the most frequent and normal
situations. For certain uses of concrete, additional or deviating rules can be necessary. The national
provisions, preferably given in a national annex to this International Standard, or the project specification can
specify any additional or deviating requirements.
During the development of this International Standard, consideration was given to detailing a performance-
related approach to the specification of durability. It was concluded that such an approach is not yet
sufficiently developed to be detailed in an International Standard. ISO/TC 71/SC 3 recognizes that some ISO
member bodies have developed local tests and criteria for performance-based specifications. This
International Standard does not exclude the continuation and development of such practices valid in the place
of use of the concrete as an alternative to the prescriptive approach. It is necessary that these requirements
be specified in the national annex or national complementary provisions. The Model Code for Service Limit
Design (MC-SLD), which was published by fib in 2006, is a promising basis for implementation as future
International Standards from ISO/TC 71; see Annex B.
This International Standard incorporates rules for the use of constituent materials that are covered by
International Standards. For materials for which International Standards have not yet been published, the
standards cited in the national annex (often the regional or national standards) apply; see 5.1. In particular,
documents in current use for by-products of industrial processes, recycled materials, etc. are based on local
experience. Until international specifications for these materials are available, this International Standard does
not provide rules for their use, but instead refers to the national annex.
This International Standard defines the two parties involved in the ordering and the supply of concrete, which
are hereinafter referred to as specifier and supplier. In practice, there can be several parties specifying
requirements at various stages of the design and construction process, e.g. the client, the designer, the
quantity surveyor, the constructor and the concreting subconstructor. Each is expected to pass the specified
requirements, together with any additional requirements, to the next party in the chain until they reach the
supplier. In the terms of this International Standard, this final compilation of requirements is known as the
“concrete specification”. In some cases, the specifier and the supplier is the same party (e.g. a constructor
doing design, production and execution). In the case of ready-mixed concrete, the purchaser is the specifier.
This part of ISO 22965 also gives rules for the exchange of information between the parties. Contractual
matters are not addressed.
This International Standard is intended for use with ISO 22965-2 and with the future ISO 22966, currently
under development, which will give the requirements associated with the level of quality specified and the
methods to be employed for the execution of concrete structures.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22965-1:2007(E)

Concrete —
Part 1:
Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22965 applies to concrete for structures cast in situ, pre-cast structures and structural pre-cast
products for buildings and civil engineering structures. The concrete can be mixed on site, ready-mixed concrete
or produced in a plant for pre-cast concrete products.
This part of ISO 22965 applies to concrete compacted to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other
than entrained air and to normal-weight, heavy-weight and light-weight concrete.
Other International Standards for specific products, e.g. pre-cast products, or for processes within the field of the
scope of this part of ISO 22965, can require or permit deviations from this part of ISO 22965.
This part of ISO 22965 contains requirements for the specification of concrete and guidance for the exchange
of information between the specifier and supplier. An informative annex gives general guidance on specification.
More specific guidance on specification related to the local conditions can be given in a national annex.
This part of ISO 22965 does not apply to
⎯ concrete with a maximum aggregate size equal to or less than 4 mm or 5 mm (mortar),
⎯ aerated concrete,
⎯ foamed concrete,
⎯ concrete with an open structure (“no-fine aggregate” concrete),
3
⎯ concrete with a density less than 800 kg/m ,
⎯ refractory concrete.
This part of ISO 22965 does not cover health and safety requirements for the protection of workers during
production and delivery of concrete.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO 1920-1, Testing of concrete — Part 1: Sampling of fresh concrete
ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete — Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
ISO 1920-4, Testing of concrete — Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete
ISO 22965-2:2007, Concrete — Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and
compliance of concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
addition
finely divided or ground material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special
properties
NOTE This part of ISO 22965 deals with two types of additions:
⎯ nearly inert additions (type I);
⎯ pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions (type II).
3.2
admixture
material added during the mixing process of concrete in small quantities relative to the mass of cement to
modify the properties of fresh or hardened concrete
3.3
aggregate
granular mineral material suitable for use in concrete
NOTE Aggregates can be natural, artificial or recycled from material previously used in construction, e.g. recycled
concrete aggregate.
3.4
batch
quantity of fresh concrete produced in one cycle of operations of a mixer or the quantity discharged during
1 min from a continuous mixer or quantity of concrete transported in a vehicle
NOTE For testing to be performed at site, the concrete transported as one load in a vehicle can be considered as
one batch.
3.5
cement
〈hydraulic binder〉 finely ground inorganic material that, when mixed with water, forms a paste that sets and
hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and that, after hardening, retains its strength and
stability even under water
3.6
characteristic strength
value of strength below which 5 % of the population of all possible strength determinations of the volume of
concrete under consideration are expected to fall
3.7
concrete
material formed by mixing cement, coarse and fine aggregate and water, with or without the incorporation of
admixtures and additions, which develops its properties by hydration of the cement
NOTE International Standards for aggregate may define aggregates larger than 4 mm or 5 mm as coarse. In
concrete for general-purpose use, the coarse aggregate should normally have a maximum aggregate size of at least
16 mm.
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
3.8
concrete specification
all documented technical requirements necessary to produce and deliver the concrete
3.9
compliance test
test performed to verify that the concrete complies with some aspect of the specification
3.10
delivery
process of handing over the fresh concrete by the producer
3.11
designed concrete
concrete for which the minimum characteristic strength, other required properties and additional
characteristics are specified to the supplier who is responsible for providing a concrete complying with the
specified minimum characteristic strength, any other specified properties and any specified additional
characteristics
3.12
effective water content
difference between the total water present in the fresh concrete and the water absorbed by the aggregates
3.13
entrained air
microscopic air bubbles, typically between 10 µm and 300 µm in diameter and spherical or nearly so,
intentionally incorporated in concrete during mixing, usually by use of a surface-active agent
3.14
entrapped air
air voids in concrete that are not purposely entrained
3.15
environmental actions
those chemical and physical actions to which the concrete is exposed and that result in effects on the
concrete or reinforcement or embedded metal that are not considered as loads in structural design
3.16
evaluation of compliance
systematic examination of the extent to which a product fulfils specified requirements
3.17
fresh concrete
fully mixed concrete that is still capable of being compacted by the intended method
3.18
general suitability
suitable for use in some concretes
3.19
hardened concrete
concrete that is in a solid state and which has developed a certain strength
3.20
heavy-weight aggregate
3
aggregate having an oven-dry particle density W 3 000 kg/m
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
3.21
heavy-weight concrete
3
concrete having an oven-dry density greater than 2 600 kg/m
3.22
identity test
test to determine whether the concrete represented by one or more batches comes from a complying
population
3.23
light-weight aggregate
3
aggregate of mineral origin having an oven-dry particle density u 2 000 kg/m or a loose oven-dry bulk density
3
u 1 200 kg/m
3.24
light-weight concrete
3 3
concrete having an oven-dry density of not less than 800 kg/m and not more than 2 000 kg/m
NOTE It is produced using light-weight aggregate for all or part of the total aggregate.
3.25
maximum aggregate size
largest aggregate size used in the concrete
NOTE The requirements for aggregate size in standards often allow a small percentage to be retained on the upper
sieve size.
3.26
normal-weight aggregate

3 3
aggregate with an oven-dry particle density > 2 000 kg/m and < 3 000 kg/m
3.27
normal-weight concrete
3 3
concrete having an oven-dry density greater than 2 000 kg/m but not exceeding 2 600 kg/m
3.28
pre-cast concrete product
concrete product cast and cured in a place other than the final location of use
3.29
prescribed concrete
concrete for which the composition of the concrete and the constituent materials to be used are specified to
the supplier who is responsible for providing a concrete with the specified composition
3.30
producer
person or body producing fresh concrete
NOTE This part of ISO 22965 uses the terms “producer” and “supplier” in order to be able to distinguish between the
technical and commercial sides. In the case of ready-mixed concrete, the practices can vary between countries, but in
most cases, the producer and the supplier are the same.
3.31
ready-mixed concrete
concrete delivered in a fresh state to the construction site by a supplier to a specifier who is the purchaser
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
3.32
site
construction site
area where the construction work is undertaken, including any land immediately adjacent to the construction
specifically used for the purpose of setting up a batching plant
3.33
site-mixed concrete
concrete produced on the construction site
3.34
specific suitability
suitable for use in the specified concrete
3.35
specifier
person or body specifying fresh concrete for the execution of a construction or a component
3.36
standardized prescribed concrete
concrete for which the composition is given in a standard valid in the place of use of the concrete
3.37
supplier
person or body supplying ready-mixed concrete
3.38
user
person or body using fresh concrete
3.39
total water content
added water plus water already contained in the aggregates and on the surface of the aggregates plus water
in the admixtures and in additions used in the form of a slurry and water resulting from any added ice or steam
heating
3.40
verification
confirmation by examination of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled
3.41
water/cement ratio
ratio of the effective water content to cement content by mass in the fresh concrete
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
D maximum aggregate size
max
X0 exposure class for no risk of corrosion or attack
XC exposure classes for risk of corrosion induced by carbonation
XD exposure classes for risk of corrosion induced by chlorides other than from sea water
XS exposure classes for risk of corrosion induced by chlorides from sea water
XF exposure classes for freeze/thaw attack
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
XA exposure classes for chemical attack
S1 to S5 consistence classes expressed by slump
F1 to F6 consistence classes expressed by flow diameter
SF1 to SF5 consistence classes expressed by slump flow diameter
B compressive strength classes for normal and heavy-weight concrete
LB compressive strength class of light-weight concrete
f characteristic strength of concrete expressed in newtons per square millimetre
ck
f mean of n measurements of the compressive strength of concrete expressed in newtons per
cm
square millimetre
5 Specification of concrete
5.1 General
For the use of constituent materials that are covered by International Standards, requirements contained in
the International Standards apply. For materials for which there are not yet International Standards, the
standards cited in the national annex (often regional or national standards) apply.
All relevant requirements for the concrete shall be given in the concrete specification, including any properties or
mix limitations that are necessary for transportation after delivery, placing, compaction, curing or further
treatment.
The required properties of concrete in the structure are generally achieved only if the intended and specified
execution procedures on the fresh concrete are carried out at the place of use. Therefore, the requirements
for transportation, placing, compaction, curing and further treatment should also be taken into account before
specifying the concrete (see relevant standard for execution of work). Many of these requirements are often
interdependent. If all these requirements are satisfied, any difference in concrete properties between the
concrete in the structure and standardized test specimens is adequately covered by the partial safety factor
for concrete.
When preparing the concrete specification, the following aspects shall be taken into consideration:
⎯ application of the fresh and hardened concrete;
⎯ curing conditions;
⎯ dimensions of the structure (the heat development);
⎯ environmental actions to which the structure is to be exposed (see Clause A.2);
⎯ any requirements for exposed aggregate or tooled concrete finishes;
⎯ any requirements related to the cover to reinforcement or minimum section width, e.g. maximum
aggregate size;
⎯ any restrictions on the use of constituent materials with established suitability, e.g. inappropriate for the
identified exposure classes.
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
The national annex or provisions valid in the place of use of the concrete should contain recommendations or
guidance for these considerations. However, they only become requirements if specifically cited in the
specification.
The maximum aggregate size, D , shall be selected taking into account the cover to reinforcement, the
max
spacing of the reinforcement and the minimum section width.
Concrete shall be specified as either a designed concrete (see 5.2), a prescribed concrete (see 5.3) or a
standardized prescribed concrete (see 5.4).
The classifications given in Clause A.3 or the national annex may be used for the concrete specification.
Requirements for durability may be specified in terms of performance-related parameters, e.g. scaling of
concrete in a freezing and thawing test. Guidance on the use of a performance-related specification method with
respect to durability is given in Annex B.
Any requirement for artificial cooling or heating of the concrete prior to delivery shall be specified.
5.2 Specification of designed concrete
5.2.1 General
The specification for designed concrete shall contain
a) the basic requirements given in 5.2.2,
b) the additional requirements given in 5.2.3, where required.
5.2.2 Basic requirements
The specification shall contain
a) a requirement to comply with ISO 22965-2;
b) compressive strength class, if not covered by the designation; see c);
c) concrete designation or limiting values, e.g. maximum water/cement ratio;
d) maximum aggregate size;
e) maximum chloride content;
f) where a designation has not been specified, constituent materials with specific suitability;
NOTE 1 It is desirable that the producer have the widest possible choice.
NOTE 2 Requirements for the use of additions are given in ISO 22965-2:2007, Annex G.
NOTE 3 Requirements for preventing damaging alkali-aggregate reaction are given in ISO 22965-2:2007, Annex G.
g) where the concrete producer does not hold a current accredited third-party quality certification, the
method used to assess the compliance of strength (ISO 22965-2:2007, 9.4);
h) target density (only for light-weight and heavy-weight concrete);
i) consistence class or target value for consistence (only for ready-mixed concrete and site-mixed concrete.
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
NOTE Before specifying the target value for consistence of ready-mixed concrete, it is necessary that the specifier
take into account the possible loss of fluidity during transporting and pumping, etc. subsequent to the delivery.
5.2.3 Additional requirements
In addition to the basic requirements (see 5.2.2), the specification for designed concrete shall contain any of
the following additional requirements and provisions deemed to be necessary:
a) where a designation has been used, further restrictions on the range of permitted constituent materials;
b) characteristics required to resist freezing and thawing attack, e.g. minimum air content;
NOTE Before specifying the minimum air content at delivery, it is necessary that the specifier take into account the
possible loss of air during transporting, pumping, placing, compacting etc. subsequent to the delivery.
c) requirements for the temperature of the fresh concrete where different from those in ISO 22965-2:2007,
6.2.4;
d) strength development;
e) heat development during hydration;
f) retarded stiffening;
g) resistance to water penetration;
h) resistance to abrasion;
i) tensile splitting strength;
j) other technical requirements (e.g. requirements related to the achievement of a particular finish or special
method of placing);
k) requirement for accredited certification (recommended for designed concrete).
5.3 Specification for prescribed concrete
5.3.1 General
The specifier shall record the data linking the specified proportions to the intended performance. Where
necessary, these data shall be obtained by initial testing; see ISO 22965-2. The specification shall contain
proportions such that the risk of damaging alkali-aggregate reaction is minimal or a requirement for the
supplier to minimize the risk of damaging alkali-aggregate reaction.
The specification for prescribed concrete shall contain
a) the basic requirements given in 5.3.2,
b) the additional requirements given in 5.3.3, where required.
5.3.2 Basic requirements
5.3.2.1 The specification for prescribed concrete (see 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3) shall contain the following:
a) a requirement to comply with ISO 22965-2;
b) constituent materials with specific suitability;
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ISO 22965-1:2007(E)
c) cement type and, where strength classes are used, standard cement-strength class;
d) target cement content;
e) either the target water/cement ratio or the consistence in terms of class or target value (see 5.3.2.4 and
5.3.2.5);
f) type, categories and maximum chloride content of the aggregate; in the case of light-weight or heavy-
weight concrete, the maximum or minimum density of aggregate, as appropriate;
g) maximum aggregate size and any limitations for the grading of the combined aggregates;
h) type and quantity of admixture or addition, if any;
i) if admixtures or additions are used to achieve particular characteristics, the sources of these constituents
and the cement (see Note).
NOTE The required characteristics can normally be defined and consequently it is necessary to specify only the
generic types of constituent material.
5.3.2.2 Consideration should be given to specifying a requirement for the producer to operate a quality
system meeting the requirements of ISO 9001, implementing use of an accredited certification.
3
5.3.2.3 The content of constituent materials should be given in terms of kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m ).
The use of nominal proportions, e.g. 1:2:4, by volume is deprecated. The assessment of the concrete
proportions forms an essential part of the compliance requirements.
5.3.2.4 If both the target water/cement ratio and the consistence are required to be specified, the
specification should include a minimum cement content and not a target cement content.
5.3.2.5 The specified value of the target water/cement ratio should be at least 0,02 less than any required
limiting (maximum) value. Any specified consistence should be adequate for the intended method of placing
and compaction.
5.3.3 Additional requirements
In addition to the basic requirements (see 5.3.2), the specification for prescribed concrete shall contain any of
the following additional requirements and provisions deemed to be necessary:
a) the sources of some, or all, concrete constituents;
b) additional requirements for aggregates, e.g. proportion of fine aggregate;
c) requirements for the temperature of the fresh concrete where different from the limit given in
ISO 22965-2:2007, 6.2.4;
d) requirements for preventing damaging alkali-aggregate reaction;
e) other technical requirements;
f) requirement for accredited certification (recommended for prescribed concrete).
5.4 Specification for standardized prescribed concrete
5.4.1 General
The specification for standardized prescribed concrete shall contain
a) the basic requirements given in 5.4.2,
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