ISO 21819-2:2018
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Characteristic of piezoelectric properties under high-load conditions — Part 2: Electrical transient response method under high vibration levels
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Characteristic of piezoelectric properties under high-load conditions — Part 2: Electrical transient response method under high vibration levels
This document specifies a method of measuring piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics and other piezoelectric devices. It applies to electrical transient response methods for evaluating the piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics resonators under high vibration levels.
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) — Caractéristique des propriétés piézoélectriques en conditions de charge élevée — Partie 2: Méthode de la réponse transitoire électrique sous des niveaux vibratoires élevés
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21819-2
First edition
2018-08
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Characteristic of piezoelectric
properties under high-load
conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method
under high vibration levels
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Caractéristique des propriétés piézoélectriques en
conditions de charge élevée —
Partie 2: Méthode de la réponse transitoire électrique sous des
niveaux vibratoires élevés
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 2
6 Measurement equipment . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Function generator . 4
6.3 Power amplifier . 4
6.4 Vibration velocity meter . 4
6.5 Current probe . 5
6.6 Digital storage oscilloscope. 5
6.7 Test piece holder . 5
6.8 Numerical analysis software (numerical analyser). 5
7 Specimens . 5
7.1 Test piece form . 5
7.2 Measurement of test piece density . 5
7.3 Measurement of characteristics values . 5
8 Measurement procedures . 6
9 Analytical procedures . 6
10 Calculation of characteristic values . 8
10.1 Calculation procedures for characteristic values . 8
10.2 How to obtain principal constants and round off characteristic values . 9
11 Report of test results .10
Annex A (informative) Example of a data evaluation .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21819 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21819-2:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Characteristic of piezoelectric properties
under high-load conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method under high
vibration levels
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of measuring piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics
and other piezoelectric devices. It applies to electrical transient response methods for evaluating the
piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics resonators under high vibration levels.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20507, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20507 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
electrical transient response method
method in which a voltage close to the resonance frequency is applied to a piezoelectric fine ceramic
resonator, and a large amplitude state is realized by driving only for a brief time until vibration is
excited, before characteristics of piezoelectric properties under an arbitrary vibration level are
evaluated by using the attenuation waveform of vibration velocity and the current under short circuit
of the electrical terminal
Note 1 to entry: Superior ability to exclude the effects of external electrical fields and temperature allows
measurement and evaluation of characteristics in a vibrational stress load environment excluding these factors.
3.2
burst
driving for only a brief duration to excite vibration
4 Symbols
A Force factor (N/V)
d Equivalent piezoelectric constant (C/N)
f Resonance frequency of current (Hz)
ri
f Resonance frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv
f Instantaneous frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv1
i Current (A)
l Instantaneous amplitude of current (A)
l Amplitude of current (A)
M Mass of test piece determined in 7.2 (kg)
Q * Equivalent mechanical quality factor
m
E 2
s * Equivalent elastic compliance(m /N)
t Time (s)
T * Amplitude of equivalent maximum stress on central region of test piece (Pa)
m
v Vibration velocity (m/s)
V Amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
V Instantaneous amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
X Width of test piece (m)
Y Length of test piece (m)
−1
β Decay constant of current (S )
i
−1
β Decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v
−1
β Instantaneous decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v1
ϕ Initial phase of current
i
Φ Initial phase of vibration velocity
v
ρ Density determined in 7.2 (kg/m )
5 Principle
A voltage e near the resonance frequency of a piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator is applied to driving
voltage then reduced to 0, placing the electrical terminals in a shorted state (e = 0, see Figure 1).
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Key
1 burst drive
2 short circuited
3 voltage
4 vibration velocity
5 current
6 time
Figure 1 — Waveform of vibration velocity and current during burst voltage driving of a
piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator
The decay waveforms of vibration velocity v and current i when electrical terminals are shorted
(e = 0) after burst driving decay with a mechanical resonance frequency are shown in Formula (1) and
Formula (2) (see Figure 1).
−β t
v
vV=+εϕsin(2πft ) (1)
0 rv v
−β t
i
iI=+εϕsin(2πft ) (2)
0 ri i
β and β , and likewise f and f , can be taken as nearly the same values, but considering that this is a
v i rv ri
measurement analysis concerning mechanical vibration level, β is used as a decay constant and f is
v rv
used as a resonance frequency. In a large amplitude range, various other factors can also produce other
frequency components. Consequently, only a first (fundamental) resonance frequency component is
extracted from the decay waveform of the vibration velocity and the current when electrical terminals
are shorted; the amplitude of the vibration velocity V , the amplitude of current l , resonance frequency
1 1
f and decay constant β in a selected schedule are measured and calculated, and these values are
rv1 v1
used to calculate the required constants at a selected vibration velocity. A voltage is applied only for
a brief duration, and it then drops to 0 V, meaning that the electrical field applied to elements after
electrical terminals are shorted and is also deemed zero, and since driving is only for a brief duration,
measurements can be made under conditions where temperature change attributable to vibration loss
is negligible, and piezoelectric characteristics can be evaluated in a vibrational stress load environment
[1–10]
free from the effects of external electrical fields and temperature .
6 Measurement equipment
6.1 General
This clause details the apparatus used for measurement. Figure 2 also presents a simplified schematic
of the measurement apparatus. A calibrated apparatus is use
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21819-2
First edition
2018-08
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Characteristic of piezoelectric
properties under high-load
conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method
under high vibration levels
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Caractéristique des propriétés piézoélectriques en
conditions de charge élevée —
Partie 2: Méthode de la réponse transitoire électrique sous des
niveaux vibratoires élevés
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 2
6 Measurement equipment . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Function generator . 4
6.3 Power amplifier . 4
6.4 Vibration velocity meter . 4
6.5 Current probe . 5
6.6 Digital storage oscilloscope. 5
6.7 Test piece holder . 5
6.8 Numerical analysis software (numerical analyser). 5
7 Specimens . 5
7.1 Test piece form . 5
7.2 Measurement of test piece density . 5
7.3 Measurement of characteristics values . 5
8 Measurement procedures . 6
9 Analytical procedures . 6
10 Calculation of characteristic values . 8
10.1 Calculation procedures for characteristic values . 8
10.2 How to obtain principal constants and round off characteristic values . 9
11 Report of test results .10
Annex A (informative) Example of a data evaluation .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21819 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21819-2:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Characteristic of piezoelectric properties
under high-load conditions —
Part 2:
Electrical transient response method under high
vibration levels
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of measuring piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics
and other piezoelectric devices. It applies to electrical transient response methods for evaluating the
piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric fine ceramics resonators under high vibration levels.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20507, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20507 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
electrical transient response method
method in which a voltage close to the resonance frequency is applied to a piezoelectric fine ceramic
resonator, and a large amplitude state is realized by driving only for a brief time until vibration is
excited, before characteristics of piezoelectric properties under an arbitrary vibration level are
evaluated by using the attenuation waveform of vibration velocity and the current under short circuit
of the electrical terminal
Note 1 to entry: Superior ability to exclude the effects of external electrical fields and temperature allows
measurement and evaluation of characteristics in a vibrational stress load environment excluding these factors.
3.2
burst
driving for only a brief duration to excite vibration
4 Symbols
A Force factor (N/V)
d Equivalent piezoelectric constant (C/N)
f Resonance frequency of current (Hz)
ri
f Resonance frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv
f Instantaneous frequency of vibration velocity (Hz)
rv1
i Current (A)
l Instantaneous amplitude of current (A)
l Amplitude of current (A)
M Mass of test piece determined in 7.2 (kg)
Q * Equivalent mechanical quality factor
m
E 2
s * Equivalent elastic compliance(m /N)
t Time (s)
T * Amplitude of equivalent maximum stress on central region of test piece (Pa)
m
v Vibration velocity (m/s)
V Amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
V Instantaneous amplitude of vibration velocity (m/s)
X Width of test piece (m)
Y Length of test piece (m)
−1
β Decay constant of current (S )
i
−1
β Decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v
−1
β Instantaneous decay constant of vibration velocity (S )
v1
ϕ Initial phase of current
i
Φ Initial phase of vibration velocity
v
ρ Density determined in 7.2 (kg/m )
5 Principle
A voltage e near the resonance frequency of a piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator is applied to driving
voltage then reduced to 0, placing the electrical terminals in a shorted state (e = 0, see Figure 1).
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Key
1 burst drive
2 short circuited
3 voltage
4 vibration velocity
5 current
6 time
Figure 1 — Waveform of vibration velocity and current during burst voltage driving of a
piezoelectric fine ceramic resonator
The decay waveforms of vibration velocity v and current i when electrical terminals are shorted
(e = 0) after burst driving decay with a mechanical resonance frequency are shown in Formula (1) and
Formula (2) (see Figure 1).
−β t
v
vV=+εϕsin(2πft ) (1)
0 rv v
−β t
i
iI=+εϕsin(2πft ) (2)
0 ri i
β and β , and likewise f and f , can be taken as nearly the same values, but considering that this is a
v i rv ri
measurement analysis concerning mechanical vibration level, β is used as a decay constant and f is
v rv
used as a resonance frequency. In a large amplitude range, various other factors can also produce other
frequency components. Consequently, only a first (fundamental) resonance frequency component is
extracted from the decay waveform of the vibration velocity and the current when electrical terminals
are shorted; the amplitude of the vibration velocity V , the amplitude of current l , resonance frequency
1 1
f and decay constant β in a selected schedule are measured and calculated, and these values are
rv1 v1
used to calculate the required constants at a selected vibration velocity. A voltage is applied only for
a brief duration, and it then drops to 0 V, meaning that the electrical field applied to elements after
electrical terminals are shorted and is also deemed zero, and since driving is only for a brief duration,
measurements can be made under conditions where temperature change attributable to vibration loss
is negligible, and piezoelectric characteristics can be evaluated in a vibrational stress load environment
[1–10]
free from the effects of external electrical fields and temperature .
6 Measurement equipment
6.1 General
This clause details the apparatus used for measurement. Figure 2 also presents a simplified schematic
of the measurement apparatus. A calibrated apparatus is use
...
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