ISO/IEC 9660:2023

Information processing — Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange

This document specifies the volume and file structure of compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) for the interchange of information between users of information processing systems. This document specifies: — the attributes of the volume and the descriptors recorded on it; — the relationship among volumes of a volume set; — the placement of the files; — the attributes of the files; — record structures intended for use in the input or output data streams of an application program when such data streams are required to be organized as sets of records; — three nested levels of medium interchange; — two nested levels of implementation; — requirements for the processes which are provided within information processing systems, to enable information to be interchanged between different systems, utilizing recorded CD-ROM as the medium of interchange; for this purpose, this document specifies the functions to be provided within systems which are intended to originate or receive CD-ROM which conform to this document.

Traitement de l'information — Structure de volume et de fichier des disques optiques compacts à mémoire fixe (CD-ROM) destinés à l'échange d'information

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jan-2023
• ICS: 35.220.30 - Optical storage devices
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 31-Jan-2023
• Due Date: 21-Aug-2023
• Completion Date: 31-Jan-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 9660:1988 - Information processing — Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 9660:1988/Amd 2:2020 - Information processing — Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange — Amendment 2
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 9660:1988/Amd 1:2013 - Information processing — Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange — Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 9660
First edition
2023-01
Information processing — Volume
and file structure of CD-ROM for
information interchange
Traitement de l'information — Structure de volume et de fichier
des disques optiques compacts à mémoire fixe (CD-ROM) destinés à
l'échange d'information
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E)
© ISO/IEC 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .viii
Introduction .x
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Notation . 3
4.1 Decimal and hexadecimal notations . 3
4.2 Other notations . 3
5 Conformance . 3
5.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM . 3
5.2 Conformance of an information processing system . 3
6 Requirements for a medium . 4
7 Volume structure . 4
7.1 Arrangement of data on a CD-ROM . 4
7.1.1 Physical addresses . 4
7.1.2 Logical sector . 4
7.1.3 Volume space . 4
7.2 Arrangement of the volume space . . 4
7.2.1 System area and data area . 4
7.2.2 Logical block. 5
7.3 Arrangement of the data area . 5
7.4 Arrangement of an extent . 5
7.4.1 Extent . 5
7.4.2 Mode of recording a file section . 5
7.4.3 Interleaved mode . 6
7.4.4 Non-interleaved mode . 7
7.4.5 Data length of a file section. 8
7.4.6 Relation of extended attribute record to file section . 8
7.4.7 Recording of a volume partition . 8
7.5 File structure . 8
7.5.1 Relation to file sections . 8
7.5.2 Numbering of bytes in a file . 8
7.5.3 Contents of a file . 9
7.5.4 Associated file . 9
7.6 Volume set . 9
7.7 Volume descriptors . 9
7.7.1 General . 9
7.7.2 Volume descriptor set . 9
7.8 Directory structure . 10
7.8.1 Directory . 10
7.8.2 Directory hierarchy . 11
7.8.3 Relation of directory hierarchies .12
7.9 Path table . 13
7.9.1 General .13
7.9.2 Order of path table records . 13
7.9.3 Path table group .13
7.9.4 Recorded occurrences of the path table . 13
7.9.5 Consistency of path tables between volumes of a volume group . 14
7.10 Record structure . 14
7.10.1 General . 14
7.10.2 Characteristics . 14
7.10.3 Measured data units (MDU) . 14
iii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E)
7.10.4 Fixed-length records . 15
7.10.5 Variable-length records .15
8 Recording of descriptor fields .15
8.1 8-bit numerical values .15
8.1.1 General .15
8.1.2 8-bit unsigned numerical values . 15
8.1.3 8-bit signed numerical values . 15
8.2 16-bit numerical value . 16
8.2.1 General . 16
8.2.2 Least significant byte first . 16
8.2.3 Most significant byte first . 16
8.2.4 Both-byte orders . 16
8.3 32-bit numerical value . 16
8.3.1 General . 16
8.3.2 Least significant byte first . 16
8.3.3 Most significant byte first . 16
8.3.4 Both-byte orders . 17
8.4 Character sets and coding . 17
8.4.1 d-characters and a-characters . 17
8.4.2 c-characters . 17
8.4.3 Separators and filler . . . 18
8.4.4 Use of characters in descriptor fields . 18
8.4.5 Justification of characters . 19
8.5 File identifier . 19
8.5.1 File identifier format . 19
8.5.2 File identifier length . 19
8.6 Directory identifier . 20
8.6.1 Directory identifier format . 20
8.6.2 Reserved directory identifiers. 20
8.6.3 Directory identifier length . 20
9 Volume descriptors .20
9.1 Format of a volume descriptor . 20
9.1.1 General .20
9.1.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 20
9.1.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 21
9.1.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 21
9.1.5 Depends on volume descriptor type (BP 8 to 2 048) . 21
9.2 Boot record . 21
9.2.1 General . 21
9.2.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 21
9.2.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 22
9.2.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 22
9.2.5 Boot system identifier (BP 8 to 39) . 22
9.2.6 Boot identifier (BP 40 to 71) . 22
9.2.7 Boot system use (BP 72 to 2 048) . 22
9.3 Volume descriptor set terminator . 22
9.3.1 General .22
9.3.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 22
9.3.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 23
9.3.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 23
9.3.5 Reserved for future standardization (BP 8 to 2 048) .23
9.4 Primary volume descriptor .23
9.4.1 General .23
9.4.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 24
9.4.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 24
9.4.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 24
9.4.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 24
iv
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ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E)
9.4.6 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 24
9.4.7 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 25
9.4.8 Unused field (BP 73 to 80) . 25
9.4.9 Volume space size (BP 81 to 88) . 25
9.4.10 Unused field (BP 89 to 120) . 25
9.4.11 Volume set size (BP 121 to 124) . 25
9.4.12 Volume sequence number (BP 125 to 128) . 25
9.4.13 Logical block size (BP 129 to 132) . 25
9.4.14 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 25
9.4.15 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) .25
9.4.16 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148).26
9.4.17 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) .26
9.4.18 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) .26
9.4.19 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) .26
9.4.20 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 26
9.4.21 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 26
9.4.22 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 26
9.4.23 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 27
9.4.24 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 27
9.4.25 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 27
9.4.26 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) . 27
9.4.27 Volume creation date and time (BP 814 to 830) .28
9.4.28 Volume modification date and time (BP 831 to 847) .28
9.4.29 Volume expiration date and time (BP 848 to 864) .28
9.4.30 Volume effective date and time (BP 865 to 881) .28
9.4.31 File structure version (BP 882) .28
9.4.32 Reserved for future standardization (BP 883) .29
9.4.33 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) .29
9.4.34 Reserved for future standardization (BP 1 396 to 2 048) .29
9.5 Supplementary volume descriptor and enhanced volume descriptor .29
9.5.1 General .29
9.5.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) .30
9.5.3 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) .30
9.5.4 Volume flags (BP 8) . 31
9.5.5 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 31
9.5.6 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 31
9.5.7 Escape sequences (BP 89 to 120) . 31
9.5.8 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 31
9.5.9 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) . 32
9.5.10 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148). 32
9.5.11 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) . 32
9.5.12 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) . 32
9.5.13 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) . 32
9.5.14 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 32
9.5.15 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 32
9.5.16 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 33
9.5.17 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 33
9.5.18 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 33
9.5.19 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 33
9.5.20 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) .34
9.5.21 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) .34
9.6 Volume partition descriptor .34
9.6.1 General .34
9.6.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) .34
9.6.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6).34
9.6.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 35
9.6.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 35
9.6.6 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) .
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 9660
First edition
Information processing — Volume
and file structure of CD-ROM for
information interchange
Traitement de l'information — Structure de volume et de fichier
des disques optiques compacts à mémoire fixe (CD-ROM) destinés à
l'échange d'information
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9660:2022(E)
© ISO/IEC 2022

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9660:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 9660:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .viii
Introduction .x
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Notation . 3
4.1 Decimal and hexadecimal notations . 3
4.2 Other notations . 3
5 Conformance . 3
5.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM . 3
5.2 Conformance of an information processing system . 3
6 Requirements for a medium . 4
7 Volume structure . 4
7.1 Arrangement of data on a CD-ROM . 4
7.1.1 Physical addresses . 4
7.1.2 Logical sector . 4
7.1.3 Volume space . 4
7.2 Arrangement of the volume space . . 4
7.2.1 System area and data area . 4
7.2.2 Logical block. 5
7.3 Arrangement of the data area . 5
7.4 Arrangement of an extent . 5
7.4.1 Extent . 5
7.4.2 Mode of recording a file section . 5
7.4.3 Interleaved mode . 6
7.4.4 Non-interleaved mode . 7
7.4.5 Data length of a file section. 8
7.4.6 Relation of extended attribute record to file section . 8
7.4.7 Recording of a volume partition . 8
7.5 File structure . 8
7.5.1 Relation to file sections . 8
7.5.2 Numbering of bytes in a file . 8
7.5.3 Contents of a file . 9
7.5.4 Associated file . 9
7.6 Volume set . 9
7.7 Volume descriptors . 9
7.7.1 General . 9
7.7.2 Volume descriptor set . 9
7.8 Directory structure . 10
7.8.1 Directory . 10
7.8.2 Directory hierarchy . 11
7.8.3 Relation of directory hierarchies .12
7.9 Path table . 13
7.9.1 General .13
7.9.2 Order of path table records . 13
7.9.3 Path table group .13
7.9.4 Recorded occurrences of the path table . 13
7.9.5 Consistency of path tables between volumes of a volume group . 14
7.10 Record structure . 14
7.10.1 General . 14
7.10.2 Characteristics . 14
7.10.3 Measured data units (MDU) . 14
iii
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

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ISO/IEC 9660:2022(E)
7.10.4 Fixed-length records . 15
7.10.5 Variable-length records .15
8 Recording of descriptor fields .15
8.1 8-bit numerical values .15
8.1.1 General .15
8.1.2 8-bit unsigned numerical values . 15
8.1.3 8-bit signed numerical values . 15
8.2 16-bit numerical value . 16
8.2.1 General . 16
8.2.2 Least significant byte first . 16
8.2.3 Most significant byte first . 16
8.2.4 Both-byte orders . 16
8.3 32-bit numerical value . 16
8.3.1 General . 16
8.3.2 Least significant byte first . 16
8.3.3 Most significant byte first . 16
8.3.4 Both-byte orders . 17
8.4 Character sets and coding . 17
8.4.1 d-characters and a-characters . 17
8.4.2 c-characters . 17
8.4.3 Separators and filler . . . 18
8.4.4 Use of characters in descriptor fields . 18
8.4.5 Justification of characters . 19
8.5 File identifier . 19
8.5.1 File identifier format . 19
8.5.2 File identifier length . 19
8.6 Directory identifier . 20
8.6.1 Directory identifier format . 20
8.6.2 Reserved directory identifiers. 20
8.6.3 Directory identifier length . 20
9 Volume descriptors .20
9.1 Format of a volume descriptor . 20
9.1.1 General .20
9.1.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 20
9.1.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 21
9.1.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 21
9.1.5 Depends on volume descriptor type (BP 8 to 2 048) . 21
9.2 Boot record . 21
9.2.1 General . 21
9.2.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 21
9.2.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 22
9.2.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 22
9.2.5 Boot system identifier (BP 8 to 39) . 22
9.2.6 Boot identifier (BP 40 to 71) . 22
9.2.7 Boot system use (BP 72 to 2 048) . 22
9.3 Volume descriptor set terminator . 22
9.3.1 General .22
9.3.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 22
9.3.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 23
9.3.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 23
9.3.5 Reserved for future standardization (BP 8 to 2 048) .23
9.4 Primary volume descriptor .23
9.4.1 General .23
9.4.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 24
9.4.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6). 24
9.4.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 24
9.4.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 24
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 9660:2022(E)
9.4.6 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 24
9.4.7 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 25
9.4.8 Unused field (BP 73 to 80) . 25
9.4.9 Volume space size (BP 81 to 88) . 25
9.4.10 Unused field (BP 89 to 120) . 25
9.4.11 Volume set size (BP 121 to 124) . 25
9.4.12 Volume sequence number (BP 125 to 128) . 25
9.4.13 Logical block size (BP 129 to 132) . 25
9.4.14 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 25
9.4.15 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) .25
9.4.16 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148).26
9.4.17 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) .26
9.4.18 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) .26
9.4.19 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) .26
9.4.20 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 26
9.4.21 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 26
9.4.22 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 26
9.4.23 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 27
9.4.24 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 27
9.4.25 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 27
9.4.26 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) . 27
9.4.27 Volume creation date and time (BP 814 to 830) .28
9.4.28 Volume modification date and time (BP 831 to 847) .28
9.4.29 Volume expiration date and time (BP 848 to 864) .28
9.4.30 Volume effective date and time (BP 865 to 881) .28
9.4.31 File structure version (BP 882) .28
9.4.32 Reserved for future standardization (BP 883) .29
9.4.33 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) .29
9.4.34 Reserved for future standardization (BP 1 396 to 2 048) .29
9.5 Supplementary volume descriptor and enhanced volume descriptor .29
9.5.1 General .29
9.5.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) .30
9.5.3 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) .30
9.5.4 Volume flags (BP 8) . 31
9.5.5 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 31
9.5.6 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 31
9.5.7 Escape sequences (BP 89 to 120) . 31
9.5.8 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 31
9.5.9 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) . 32
9.5.10 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148). 32
9.5.11 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) . 32
9.5.12 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) . 32
9.5.13 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) . 32
9.5.14 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 32
9.5.15 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 32
9.5.16 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 33
9.5.17 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 33
9.5.18 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 33
9.5.19 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 33
9.5.20 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) .34
9.5.21 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) .34
9.6 Volume partition descriptor .34
9.6.1 General .34
9.6.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) .34
9.6.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6).34
9.6.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 35
9.6.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 35
9.6.6 System identifier (BP
...

ISO/IEC DIS 9660:2022(E)
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23
Date: 2022-06-1611
Information processing — Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange
Traitement de l'information — Structure de volume et de fichier des disques optiques compacts à mémoire
fixe (CD-ROM) destinés à l'échange d'information

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC DIS 9660: 2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet,
without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC DIS 9660: 2022(E)
Contents
Foreword . ix
Introduction . xi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Notation . 3
4.1 Decimal and hexadecimal notations . 3
4.2 Other notations . 4
5 Conformance . 4
5.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM . 4
5.2 Conformance of an information processing system . 4
6 Requirements for a medium . 4
7 Volume structure . 4
7.1 Arrangement of data on a CD-ROM. 4
7.1.1 Physical addresses . 4
7.1.2 Logical sector . 4
7.1.3 Volume space . 5
7.2 Arrangement of the volume space . 5
7.2.1 System area and data area . 5
7.2.2 Logical block . 5
7.3 Arrangement of the data area . 5
7.4 Arrangement of an extent . 6
7.4.1 Extent . 6
7.4.2 Mode of recording a file section . 6
7.4.3 Interleaved mode. 6
7.4.4 Non-interleaved mode . 7
7.4.5 Data length of a file section . 8
7.4.6 Relation of extended attribute record to file section . 8
7.4.7 Recording of a volume partition . 8
7.5 File structure . 9
7.5.1 Relation to file sections . 9
7.5.2 Numbering of bytes in a file . 9
7.5.3 Contents of a file . 9
7.5.4 Associated file . 9
7.6 Volume set . 9
7.7 Volume descriptors . 10
7.7.1 General . 10
7.7.2 Volume descriptor set . 10
7.8 Directory structure . 11
7.8.1 Directory . 11
7.8.2 Directory hierarchy . 12
7.8.3 Relation of directory hierarchies. 13
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO/IEC DIS 9660: 2022(E)
7.9 Path table . 13
7.9.1 General . 13
7.9.2 Order of path table records . 14
7.9.3 Path table group . 14
7.9.4 Recorded occurrences of the path table . 14
7.9.5 Consistency of path tables between volumes of a volume group . 14
7.10 Record structure. 15
7.10.1 General . 15
7.10.2 Characteristics . 15
7.10.3 Measured data units (MDU) . 15
7.10.4 Fixed-length records . 15
7.10.5 Variable-length records . 16
8 Recording of descriptor fields . 16
8.1 8-bit numerical values . 16
8.1.1 General . 16
8.1.2 8-bit unsigned numerical values . 16
8.1.3 8-bit signed numerical values . 16
8.2 16-bit numerical value . 16
8.2.1 General . 16
8.2.2 Least significant byte first . 17
8.2.3 Most significant byte first . 17
8.2.4 Both-byte orders . 17
8.3 32-bit numerical value . 17
8.3.1 General . 17
8.3.2 Least significant byte first . 17
8.3.3 Most significant byte first . 17
8.3.4 Both-byte orders . 17
8.4 Character sets and coding . 18
8.4.1 d-characters and a-characters . 18
8.4.2 c-characters . 18
8.4.3 Separators and filler . 18
8.4.4 Use of characters in descriptor fields . 19
8.4.5 Justification of characters . 19
8.5 File identifier . 20
8.5.1 File identifier format . 20
8.5.2 File identifier length . 20
8.6 Directory identifier . 21
8.6.1 Directory identifier Format . 21
8.6.2 Reserved directory identifiers . 21
8.6.3 Directory identifier length . 21
9 Volume descriptors . 21
9.1 Format of a volume descriptor . 21
9.1.1 General . 21
9.1.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 22
9.1.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) . 22
9.1.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 22
9.1.5 Depends on volume descriptor type (BP 8 to 2 048) . 22
9.2 Boot record . 23
9.2.1 General . 23
9.2.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 23
9.2.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) . 23
iv © ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC DIS 9660: 2022(E)
9.2.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 23
9.2.5 Boot system identifier (BP 8 to 39) . 23
9.2.6 Boot identifier (BP 40 to 71) . 23
9.2.7 Boot system use (BP 72 to 2 048) . 24
9.3 Volume descriptor set terminator . 24
9.3.1 General . 24
9.3.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 24
9.3.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) . 24
9.3.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 24
9.3.5 Reserved for future standardization (BP 8 to 2 048) . 24
9.4 Primary volume descriptor. 24
9.4.1 General . 24
9.4.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 26
9.4.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) . 26
9.4.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 26
9.4.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 26
9.4.6 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 26
9.4.7 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 26
9.4.8 Unused field (BP 73 to 80) . 27
9.4.9 Volume space size (BP 81 to 88) . 27
9.4.10 Unused field (BP 89 to 120) . 27
9.4.11 Volume set size (BP 121 to 124) . 27
9.4.12 Volume sequence number (BP 125 to 128) . 27
9.4.13 Logical block size (BP 129 to 132) . 27
9.4.14 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 27
9.4.15 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) . 27
9.4.16 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148) . 27
9.4.17 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) . 28
9.4.18 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) . 28
9.4.19 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) . 28
9.4.20 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 28
9.4.21 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 28
9.4.22 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 28
9.4.23 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 29
9.4.24 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 29
9.4.25 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 29
9.4.26 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) . 29
9.4.27 Volume creation date and time (BP 814 to 830) . 30
9.4.28 Volume modification date and time (BP 831 to 847) . 30
9.4.29 Volume expiration date and time (BP 848 to 864) . 30
9.4.30 Volume effective date and time (BP 865 to 881) . 30
9.4.31 File structure version (BP 882) . 31
9.4.32 Reserved for future standardization (BP 883) . 31
9.4.33 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) . 31
9.4.34 Reserved for future standardization (BP 1 396 to 2 048) . 31
9.5 Supplementary volume descriptor and enhanced volume descriptor . 31
9.5.1 General . 31
9.5.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 32
9.5.3 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 33
9.5.4 Volume flags (BP 8) . 33
9.5.5 System identifier (BP 9 to 40) . 33
9.5.6 Volume identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 33
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved v

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ISO/IEC DIS 9660: 2022(E)
9.5.7 Escape sequences (BP 89 to 120) . 33
9.5.8 Path table size (BP 133 to 140) . 34
9.5.9 Location of occurrence of type L path table (BP 141 to 144) . 34
9.5.10 Location of optional occurrence of type L path table (BP 145 to 148) . 34
9.5.11 Location of occurrence of type M path table (BP 149 to 152) . 34
9.5.12 Location of optional occurrence of type M path table (BP 153 to 156) . 34
9.5.13 Directory record for root directory (BP 157 to 190) . 34
9.5.14 Volume set identifier (BP 191 to 318) . 34
9.5.15 Publisher identifier (BP 319 to 446) . 35
9.5.16 Data preparer identifier (BP 447 to 574) . 35
9.5.17 Application identifier (BP 575 to 702) . 35
9.5.18 Copyright file identifier (BP 703 to 739) . 35
9.5.19 Abstract file identifier (BP 740 to 776) . 36
9.5.20 Bibliographic file identifier (BP 777 to 813) . 36
9.5.21 Application use (BP 884 to 1 395) . 36
9.6 Volume partition descriptor . 36
9.6.1 General . 36
9.6.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) . 37
9.6.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) . 37
9.6.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) . 37
9.6.5 Unused field (BP 8) . 37
9.6.6 System identifier (BP 9 to 40). 37
9.6.7 Volume partition identifier (BP 41 to 72) . 37
9.6.8 Volume partition location (BP 73 to 80) . 38
9.6.9 Volume partition size (BP 81 to 88) . 38
9.6.10 System use (BP 89 to 2 048) . 38
10 File and directory descriptors . 38
10.1 Format of a directory record . 38
10.1.1 General . 38
10.1.2 Length of directory record (LEN_DR) (BP 1) . 39
10.1.3 Extended attribute record length (BP 2) . 39
10.1.4 Location of extent (BP 3 to 10) . 39
10.1.5 Data length (BP 11 to 18) . 39
10.1.6 Recording date and time (BP 19 to 25) . 39
10.1.7 File flags (BP 26) . 40
10.1.8 File unit size (BP 27) . 41
10.1.9 Interleave gap size (BP 28) . 41
10.1.10 Volume sequence number (BP 29 to 32). 41
10.1.11 Length of file identifier (LEN_FI) (BP 33) .
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