ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006

Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML

ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006 provides a standardized set of generic technologies for encoding XML documents. It addresses a broad spectrum of applications and requirements by providing generic methods for transmitting and compressing XML documents. ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006 provides a specification which gives rules for the preparation of XML documents for efficient transport and storage, and enables the development of ISO/IEC 23001-1 terminals to receive, decode and assemble possibly partitioned and compressed XML documents. The binary MPEG format for XML relies on schema knowledge between encoder and decoder in order to reach high compression efficiency, while providing fragmentation mechanisms for ensuring transmission and processing flexibility. ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006 also defines means to compile and transmit schema knowledge information to enable the decoding of compressed XML documents without a priori schema knowledge at the receiving terminal. The binary MPEG format for XML is described in four main sections: System Architecture presents the architecture of an ISO/IEC 23001-1-compliant terminal and general characteristics of an ISO/IEC 23001-1 decoder, such as decoder behaviour. Binary Format specifies binary syntax and associated semantics of the structural elements. In particular, this section describes the structure of a binary access unit. Binary Fragment Update Payload specifies binary syntax and associated semantics of the payload content. In particular, this section describes the decoding process of complex Type content using finite state automaton decoders. Advanced Optimized Decoders describes the mechanisms for decoding simple types of an XML document using advanced optimised decoders. The binary format for XML described in this specification can be used for encoding MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 descriptions, as specified in ISO/IEC 15938-1 (MPEG-7 Systems) and 21000-16 (MPEG-21 Binary Format), respectively.

Technologies de l'information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG — Partie 1: Format binaire de MPEG pour XML

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Mar-2006
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2027

Relations

• Amended By: ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006/Amd 1:2007 - Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML — Amendment 1: Conformance and reference software
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Amended By: ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006/Amd 2:2008 - Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML — Amendment 2: Conservation of prefixes and extensions on encoding of wild cards
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Parent: ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006/Amd 2:2008 - Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML — Amendment 2: Conservation of prefixes and extensions on encoding of wild cards
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Parent: ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006/Amd 1:2007 - Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML — Amendment 1: Conformance and reference software
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23001-1
First edition
2006-04-01
Information technology — MPEG systems
technologies —
Part 1:
Binary MPEG format for XML
Technologies de l'information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG —
Partie 1: Format binaire de MPEG pour XML

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2006
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©  ISO/IEC 2006
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
3.1 Conventions . 2
3.2 Definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 11
4.1 Abbreviations . 11
4.2 Mathematical operators. 12
4.3 Mnemonics . 14
5 System architecture. 15
5.1 Terminal architecture . 15
5.2 General characteristics of the decoder . 15
5.3 Sequence of events during decoder initialisation. 16
5.4 Decoder behaviour . 18
5.5 Issues in encoding documents . 19
5.6 Characteristics of the delivery layer. 20
5.7 Decoding of Fragment References . 21
6 Binary format- BiM. 22
6.1 Overview . 22
6.2 Binary DecoderInit. 22
6.3 Binary Access Unit . 31
6.4 Binary Fragment Update Unit . 32
6.5 Binary Fragment Update Command . 34
6.6 Binary Fragment Update Context. 36
6.7 Binary Schema Update Unit. 60
7 Binary Fragment Update Payload . 81
7.1 Overview . 81
7.2 Definitions . 81
7.3 Fragment Update Payload syntax and semantics. 82
7.4 Element syntax and semantics . 84
7.5 Element Content decoding process . 96
8 Advanced optimised decoders. 113
8.1 Overview . 113
8.2 Decoder behaviour . 114
8.3 Advanced Optimised Decoder Initialization. 116
8.4 Advanced Optimised Decoder Classification scheme. 118
8.5 UniformQuantizer advanced optimised decoder. 118
8.6 NonUniformQuantizer optimized decoder . 120
8.7 Zlib advanced optimised decoder. 122
Annex A (normative) MPEG-7 Specific Simple Type Codecs. 125
Annex B (informative) Informative Examples. 129
Annex C (informative) Patent Statements. 132
Bibliography . 133

© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 23001-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 23001 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — MPEG
systems technologies:
⎯ Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML
iv © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard provides a standardized set of generic technologies for encoding XML documents.
It addresses a broad spectrum of applications and requirements by providing generic methods for transmitting
and compressing XML documents.
Part 1 – Binary Format for XML: specifies the tools for preparing XML documents for efficient transport and
storage and for compressing XML documents.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent.
The ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO and IEC that he is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with the ISO and IEC. Information may be obtained
from the companies listed in Annex C.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified in Annex C. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
all such patent rights.
© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006(E)

Information technology — MPEG systems technologies —
Part 1:
Binary MPEG format for XML
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides a standardized set of technologies for encoding XML documents. It
addresses a broad spectrum of applications and requirements by providing a generic method for transmitting
and compressing XML documents.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 specifies system level functionalities for the communication of XML documents. It
provides a specification which will:
⎯ enable the development of ISO/IEC 23001-1 receiving sub-systems, called ISO/IEC 23001-1 Terminal, or
Terminal in short, to receive and assemble possibly partitioned and compressed XML documents
⎯ provide rules for the preparation of XML documents for efficient transport and storage.
The decoding process within the ISO/IEC 23001-1 Terminal is normative. The rules mentioned provide
guidance for the preparation and encoding of XML documents without leading to a unique encoded
representation of such documents.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
• ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
Note: The UTF-8 encoding scheme is described in Annex R of ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, published as
Amendment 2 of ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993.
• XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, October 2000.
• XML Schema, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001.
• XML Schema Part 0: Primer, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001.
• XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001.
• XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation 2 May 2001.
• XPath, XML Path Language, W3C Recommendation, 16 November 1999.
• Namespaces in XML, W3C Recommendation, 14 January 1999.
© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved 1

Note: These documents are maintained by the W3C (http://www.w3.org). The relevant documents can be
obtained as follows:
o Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition),6 October 2000,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006
o XML Schema: W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema
• XML Schema Part 0: Primer, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001,
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/
• XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001,
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
• XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation 2 May 2001,
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
o xPath, XML Path Language, W3C Recommendation, 16 November 1999,
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116
o Namespaces in XML, W3C Recommendation, 14 January 1999,
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114
• RFC 2396, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax.
• RFC 1950, ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version 3.3.
• IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic, Std 754-1985 Reaffirmed1990,
http:/
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