ISO 10813-2:2019
(Main)Vibration-generating machines — Guidance for selection — Part 2: Equipment for dynamic structural testing
Vibration-generating machines — Guidance for selection — Part 2: Equipment for dynamic structural testing
This document provides guidance to select a vibration generator that will be used to evaluate frequency responses of a test structure or to study how vibration grows/decreases along the structure. These structural dynamics tests can be carried out under field or laboratory conditions (see the ISO 7626 or ISO 10846[4][5][6][7] series). This document describes the selection procedure in terms of the force developed by a single vibration generator. Meanwhile, to move massive structures such as dams or bridges, an assembly of vibration generators is usually applied. Properly phased generators produce in total the same force as calculated for a single vibration generator (see 6.2.6). Guidance also can be applied for the selection of equipment to be used for modal testing to determine natural frequencies, modal shapes and damping in a structure; however, for such a test, more factors than covered by this document usually need to be considered. This document deals only with translational excitation. For equipment applied to generate angular vibration, see Reference [8].
Générateurs de vibrations — Lignes directrices pour la sélection — Partie 2: Moyens pour les essais dynamiques
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10813-2
First edition
2019-07
Vibration-generating machines —
Guidance for selection —
Part 2:
Equipment for dynamic structural
testing
Générateurs de vibrations — Lignes directrices pour la sélection —
Partie 2: Moyens pour les essais dynamiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Dynamic structural testing . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Excitation types . 2
5 Vibration generators . 2
5.1 Main types of equipment . 2
5.2 Principal characteristics of vibration generators. 3
5.3 Features of different vibration generators . 3
5.3.1 Electrodynamic generator . 3
5.3.2 Electromagnetic vibration generator . 3
5.3.3 Piezoelectric vibration generator . 4
5.3.4 Magnetostrictive vibration generator. 4
5.3.5 Hydraulic vibration generator. 4
5.3.6 Mechanical vibration generator. 4
5.3.7 Impactor . 5
6 Selection procedure . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Procedure . 5
Annex A (informative) Prognosis of mechanical impedance for some types of structures .8
Annex B (informative) Examples of equipment selection .19
Bibliography .22
Foreword
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and
condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 6, Vibration and shock generating systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10813 series can be found on the ISO website.
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iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A proper selection of vibration generating system, when purchasing new test equipment or updating
existing equipment for the purposes of a specific test or when choosing between the equipment
proposed by a test laboratory or even selecting a laboratory which offers its service to carry out such
a test, is very important. When making this type of selection, several factors should be considered
simultaneously, as follows:
— the type of the test to be carried out (e.g. environmental testing, normal and/or accelerated, dynamic
structural testing, diagnosis, calibration, etc.);
— the motions to be generated during the test;
— the test conditions (e.g. single or multiple excitations, one mode of vibration or combined vibration,
single or combined test, for example, dynamic plus climatic, etc.);
— the objects to be tested and their mounting.
This document deals only with equipment intended to be used for dynamic structural testing, and
selection procedures are predominantly designed to meet the requirements of this testing. However,
specific test conditions and the specific object to be tested can significantly influence the selection.
If the equipment is expected to be used for different types of tests, all possible applications should
be accounted for when selecting. Thus, if the vibration generator is acquired to be applied during
both environmental and dynamic structural testing, ISO 10813-1 and this document should be used
simultaneously. In this document, it is presumed that a system can be selected if it enables to swing
the test object up to a specified level. To generate an excitation without undesired motions, a suitable
control system should be used. The selection of a control system is not considered in this document.
Vibration generating systems are complex machines, so the correct selection always demands a certain
degree of engineering judgement. Consequently, the purchaser, when selecting the vibration test
equipment, can resort to the help of a third party. In such a case, this document can help the purchaser to
ascertain if the solution proposed by the third party is acceptable or not. Designers and manufacturers
can also use this document to assess the market environment.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10813-2:2019(E)
Vibration-generating machines — Guidance for
selection —
Part 2:
Equipment for dynamic structural testing
1 Scope
This document provides guidance to select a vibration generator that will be used to evaluate frequency
responses of a test structure or to study how vibration grows/decreases along the structure. These
structural dynamics tests can be carried out under field or laboratory conditions (see the ISO 7626 or
[4][5][6][7]
ISO 10846 series).
This document describes the selection procedure in terms of the force developed by a single vibration
generator. Meanwhile, to move massive structures such as dams or bridges, an assembly of vibration
generators is usually applied. Properly phased generators produce in total the same force as calculated
for a single vibration generator (see 6.2.6).
Guidance also can be applied for the selection of equipment to be used for modal testing to determine
natural frequencies, modal shapes and damping in a structure; however, for such a test, more factors
than covered by this document usually need to be considered.
This document deals only with translational excitation. For equipment applied to generate angular
vibration, see Reference [8].
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 7626-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility —
Part 1: Basic terms and definitions, and transducer specifications
ISO 10846-1, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of
resilient elements — Part 1: Principles and guidelines
ISO 15261, Vibration and shock generating systems — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 7626-1, ISO 10846-1
and ISO 15261 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Dynamic structural testing
4.1 General
Dynamic structural testing is performed to evaluate such characteristics of a structure as
— frequency responses over a wide range of frequencies,
— modal characteristics (mode shapes, natural frequencies, damping ratios, etc.),
— amplification/attenuation of vibration along the structure.
Knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of structures allows for the, for example:
— design of low-vibration mechanical systems (buildings, machinery, transport and their elements), and
— calculation of isolation systems and means used to reduce vibration.
Level of excitation during the structural testing is not so important as compared with environmental
testing (see ISO 10813-1) provided that linear behaviour of the test structure is maintained. However,
this level should be sufficient to produce the response of the test structure far above the noise floor
at frequencies where the mechanical impedance of the structure reaches its maximum values. For a
non-linear structure, vibration should be excited at the same level as observed under actual operating
conditions.
In a laboratory environment, the test structure can be freely suspended or rigidly supported, whichever
is defined in a relevant specification (see, for example, ISO 7626-2). Single-point or multi-point force
excitation may be used.
Under field conditions, the vibration generator may be used either coupled or uncoupled to the test
structure. Generally, the coupling should be rigid in the direction of excitation but flexible (to allow
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