ISO 10813-1:2023

Vibration generating machines — Guidance for selection — Part 1: Equipment for environmental testing

This document gives guidance for the selection of vibration generating equipment used for vibration environmental testing, depending on the test requirements. This guidance covers such aspects of selection as — the equipment type, — the model, and — some main components, excluding the control system. NOTE 1 Some examples are given in Annex A. NOTE 2 This document is primarily focused on determining functional specifications for equipment based on the requirements of a specific environmental test. More practical aspects of the selection (including target test definition and fixturing considerations) are covered in IEST-RP-DTE009.1.

Générateurs de vibrations — Lignes directrices pour la sélection — Partie 1: Moyens pour les essais environnementaux

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Aug-2023
• ICS: 17.160 - Vibrations, shock and vibration measurements
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 108/SC 6 - Vibration and shock generating systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 108/SC 6 - Vibration and shock generating systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 11-Aug-2023
• Due Date: 30-Nov-2024
• Completion Date: 11-Aug-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 10813-1:2004 - Vibration generating machines — Guidance for selection — Part 1: Equipment for environmental testing
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10813-1
Second edition
2023-08
Vibration generating machines —
Guidance for selection —
Part 1:
Equipment for environmental testing
Générateurs de vibrations — Lignes directrices pour la sélection —
Partie 1: Moyens pour les essais environnementaux
Reference number
ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Vibration test requirements . 2
4.1 Vibration test purposes . 2
4.2 Test methods . 2
4.2.1 General . 2
4.2.2 Sinusoidal vibration . 2
4.2.3 Wide-band random vibration . 3
4.2.4 Time-history method . 3
4.2.5 Sine-beat method . 3
5 Types and characteristics of vibration generators . 4
5.1 Main types of vibration generators . 4
5.1.1 General . 4
5.1.2 Electrodynamic vibration generators . 4
5.1.3 Servo-hydraulic vibration generators . 4
5.1.4 Mechanical vibration generators . 5
5.2 Major parameters . 5
5.3 Features . 5
5.3.1 Electrodynamic vibration generators . 5
5.3.2 Servo-hydraulic vibration generators . 8
5.3.3 Mechanical vibration generators . 11
5.4 Comparison between electrodynamic, servo-hydraulic and mechanical vibration
generators . 13
6 Recommendations for the selection of vibration generators .14
6.1 Selection of type . 14
6.2 Selection of the model .15
6.2.1 General .15
6.2.2 Frequency range .15
6.2.3 Maximum acceleration . 16
6.2.4 Force . 16
6.2.5 Mass of the moving element . 16
6.2.6 Size of the moving element . 17
6.2.7 Rated travel . 17
6.2.8 Maximum velocity . 18
6.3 Selection of components . 19
6.3.1 General . 19
6.3.2 Selection of power amplifier . 19
6.3.3 Selection of hydraulic power supply . 23
6.4 Verification of adequate infrastructure . 25
Annex A (informative) Examples of selections .27
Bibliography .30
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and
condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 6, Vibration and shock generating systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10813-1:2004), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 10813-1:2004/Cor.1:2006.
The main changes are as follows:
— tables and figures are updated to reflect advances in typical system capability;
— selection calculations are rearranged to use values which are more likely to be available;
— a non-mathematical treatment of armature size and infrastructure requirements is included.
A list of parts in the ISO 10813 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Introduction
To select a suitable vibration generating system is an urgent problem if it is necessary for a certain test
to purchase new test equipment or to update the equipment already available, or to choose between
equipment proposed by a test laboratory or even a laboratory itself which offers its service to carry
out such a test. A problem like this can be resolved acceptably if a number of factors are considered
simultaneously, as follows:
— the type of the test to be carried out (environmental testing, normal and/or accelerated, dynamic
structural testing, diagnosis, calibration, etc.);
— the requirements to be followed;
— the test conditions (one mode of vibration or combined vibration, single vibration test or combined
test, for example, dynamic plus climatic);
— the objects to be tested.
This document deals only with equipment to be used during environmental testing, and those selection
procedures that are predominantly to meet the requirements of this test. However, the user should
keep in mind that a specific test condition and a specific object to be tested can significantly influence
the selection. Thus, to excite a specimen inside a climatic chamber imposes limitations on the vibration
generator interface, and a specimen of a large size and/or of a complex shape, having numerous
resonances in all directions, demands larger equipment than that specified for the procedures of this
document, assuming that excitation is to be applied to the rigid body of the same mass. Unfortunately,
such aspects cannot easily be formalized and, thus, are not covered by this document.
If the equipment is expected to be used for tests of different types, all possible applications should be
considered when selecting. Other parts of ISO 10813 will address the problem of the case where the
vibration generator is acquired to be applied during both environmental and dynamic structural testing.
It is presumed in this document that the system selected will be able to drive the object under test up to
a specified level. In order to generate an excitation without undesired motion, a suitable control system
should be used. The selection of a control system will be considered in a further International Standard.
It should be emphasized that vibration generating systems are complex machines, so the correct
selection always demands a certain degree of engineering judgement. As a consequence, the purchaser,
when selecting the vibration test equipment, can resort to the help of a third party. In such a case, this
document can help the purchaser to ascertain if the solution proposed by the third party is acceptable
or not. Designers and manufacturers can also use this document to assess the market environment.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Vibration generating machines — Guidance for selection —
Part 1:
Equipment for environmental testing
1 Scope
This document gives guidance for the selection of vibration generating equipment used for vibration
environmental testing, depending on the test requirements.
This guidance covers such aspects of selection as
— the equipment type,
— the model, and
— some main components, excluding the control system.
NOTE 1 Some examples are given in Annex A.
NOTE 2 This document is primarily focused on determining functional specifications for equipment based on
the requirements of a specific environmental test. More practical aspects of the selection (including target test
[1]
definition and fixturing considerations) are covered in IEST-RP-DTE009.1 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 5344, Electrodynamic vibration generating systems — Performance characteristics
ISO 8626, Servo-hydraulic test equipment for generating vibration — Method of describing characteristics
ISO 15261, Vibration and shock generating systems — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 5344, ISO 8626 and
ISO 15261 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
4 Vibration test requirements
4.1 Vibration test purposes
The purpose of vibration tests is to estimate the capability of an object to maintain its operational
characteristics and to stay intact under vibration loading of defined severity. The tests are subdivided,
in accordance with their tasks, into functional, strength and endurance tests.
Endurance tests are carried out to estimate the capability of an object to withstand vibration of defined
severity and to stay in working order when the excitation is removed. Vibration endurance testing is
oftentimes referred to as strength testing. In these tests, vibration might cause mechanical damage
(fatigue) and may be used to predict the lifetime of the object under vibration.
Functional tests are carried out to estimate the capability of an object to function and maintain the
operational parameters within the acceptable limits under vibration. Usually during those tests, the
object is working for a defined period in its normal condition and is being exposed to vibration not
causing mechanical damage to it. Faults and malfunctions in the operation of the object should be
registered.
4.2 Test methods
4.2.1 General
Laboratory test methods may use both sinusoidal and multifrequency excitation in various forms, such
as sinusoidal at a fixed frequency, swept sinusoidal, random (narrow-band or wide-band), as well as in a
mixed mode. The excitation may be multidirectional and/or multipoint.
Test specifications usually deal with the following waveforms:
— sinusoidal at a fixed frequency;
— swept sinusoidal;
— wide-band random;
— time history;
— sine-beat.
The above waveforms are briefly described in 4.2.2 to 4.2.5 primarily in aspects as standardized by
[2] [3] [4]
IEC 60068-2-6 , IEC 60068-2-57 and IEC 60068-2-64 , however the user should be aware that other
variants of a waveform may be used for specific applications.
Requirements for the test excitation (and, hence, for the test equipment) for test methods are
[2] [3] [4]
standardized by IEC 60068-2-6 , IEC 60068-2-57 and IEC 60068-2-64 .
4.2.2 Sinusoidal vibration
4.2.2.1 Sinusoidal vibration at fixed frequencies
This excitation consists of a set of discrete-frequency sinusoidal processes of defined amplitude,
applied sequentially to the test object within the frequency range of interest. Frequency and amplitude
are adjusted manually. A control system maintains the displacement or acceleration amplitude. The test
conditions to be set include the frequency range (bands) and individual fixed frequencies, test duration
and displacement, velocity or acceleration amplitude.
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
4.2.2.2 Swept sinusoidal vibration
This excitation is a sinusoidal signal of a specified amplitude, commonly defined in displacement terms
at low frequencies and in acceleration terms at high frequencies. The frequency is continuously swept
from the lower to the upper limit of the frequency range of interest and vice versa. Cross-over frequency
usually lies in the range of 10 Hz to 100 Hz. A control system maintains the displacement or acceleration
amplitude. During the frequency sweep, the mechanical resonances and undesirable mechanical
and functional behaviour of the test object can be observed and identified. The test conditions to be
set include the frequency range of interest, displacement and acceleration amplitudes, cross-over
frequency, sweep rate, sweep type (linear or logarithmic) and test duration.
NOTE 1 Test amplitude is uniquely specified at each excitation frequency; however, it can vary across the
frequency band.
NOTE 2 Any two of displacement amplitude, acceleration amplitude and cross-over frequency is sufficient to
derive the third value. It is common to provide only the amplitudes.
4.2.3 Wide-band random vibration
The wide-band random excitation, specified by the shape of power spectral density of acceleration to
be close to real operational conditions in the frequency range of interest, is generated at the control
point of the table or the object. The test conditions to be set include the acceleration power spectral
density levels for the frequency bands in which tests are carried out.
4.2.4 Time-history method
This test consists of subjecting the specimen to a time-history specified by a response spectrum with
characteristics simulating the effects of short-duration random-type forces. A time-history may be
obtained from a natural event (natural time-history), or from a random sample, or as a synthesized
signal (artificial time-history). The use of a time-history allows a single test wave to envelop a broad-
band response spectrum, simultaneously exciting all modes of the specimen on account of the combined
effects of the coupled modes.
This test is applied to specimens which in service can be subjected to short-duration random-type
dynamic forces induced, for example, by earthquakes, explosions or transportation.
The test conditions to be set include the frequency range of interest, required response spectrum,
number and duration of time-histories, number of high peaks of the response.
4.2.5 Sine-beat method
In this test the specimen is excited at fixed frequencies (to be experienced in the practical application or
to be changed with a step of not greater than one-half octave) with a pre-set number of sine beats (see
Figure 1). These fixed frequencies may be critical frequencies identified by means of vibration response
investigation.
The test conditions to be set include the frequency range, test level, number of cycles in the sine beat,
number of sine beats. A control system maintains the displacement amplitude below the cross-over
frequency and the acceleration amplitude above the cross-over frequency.
Each channel of the instrumentation needs to be checked by mechanical excitation of the transducer
prior to and after each measurement series to ensure proper functioning.
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Key
X time
Y vibration magnitude
1 carrier wave (test frequency)
2 envelope curve (modulating frequency)
Figure 1 — Typical sequence of sine beats
5 Types and characteristics of vibration generators
5.1 Main types of vibration generators
5.1.1 General
A vibration generator is the final control element of a vibration generating system, providing generation
of the desired vibration and transmission of it to the object being tested. The type and performance of
a vibration generator determine the main system characteristics, such as force generation capabilities,
permissible loads, displacement/velocity/acceleration amplitudes, frequency ranges and accuracy
characteristics (tolerances, distortions, transverse motions, etc.). Depending on their design, vibration
generators are subdivided into electrodynamic, servo-hydraulic, mechanical, electromagnetic,
piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, etc. The most common types of vibration generators being used for
environmental testing are electrodynamic, servo-hydraulic and mechanical.
5.1.2 Electrodynamic vibration generators
This type of vibration generator produces a vibration force by interaction of a static magnetic field and
an alternating current in the moving coil, which is an actuator.
A vibration generating system including an electrodynamic vibration generator is called an
electrodynamic system. It consists of a power amplifier, input signal source and control system,
measuring instrumentation, field power supply and auxiliaries. The system may also include an
auxiliary table.
5.1.3 Servo-hydraulic vibration generators
This type of vibration generator produces a vibration force by application of a liquid pressure being
changed in a predetermined manner. In servo-hydraulic vibration generators, force and motion are
transmitted to the object by a hydraulic actuator (piston pushed by fluid) controlled by servo valves.
A vibration generating system including a servo-hydraulic vibration generator is called a servo-
hydraulic system. It consists of a hydraulic power supply system, signal source, close-loop control
system, and measurement and auxiliary equipment.
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
5.1.4 Mechanical vibration generators
This type of vibration generator produces a vibration force by transformation of mechanical rotation
energy.
Mechanical vibration generators are classified into kinematic and reaction-type vibrators.
In kinematic vibrators, the test object is moved by some control unit directly, for example by a crank, a
rocker or a cam.
In reaction-type vibrators, the centrifugal force is generated by rotational movement (sometimes by
reciprocal movement) of unbalanced masses.
A vibration generating system including a mechanical vibration generator is called a mechanical system.
5.2 Major parameters
ISO 5344 and ISO 8626 deal with characteristics of electrodynamic and servo-hydraulic vibration
generators respectively. They cover the following main characteristics:
— rated force;
— permissible static load;
— frequency range;
— limits for displacement, velocity and acceleration;
— distortion;
— transverse motion ratio;
— non-uniformity of table motion;
— resonance frequencies.
5.3 Features
5.3.1 Electrodynamic vibration generators
Table 1 gives typical parameters for electrodynamic vibration generators of a “traditional” design.
Force ratings for sinusoidal (peak value) and random (r.m.s. value) performance are assumed to be the
same, although this is not always the case. Manufacturers offer various series or steps of force ratings
for the vibration generating system which will not line up exactly with Table 1. Significant deviation
from the patterns established in the table may indicate a vibration generator designed for a special
purpose, such as specialized shock transient performance. When a system is being purchased from a
manufacturer, or being selected for usage from several systems of purchaser's own, it is recommended
to use actual specification sheets.
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ISO 10813-1:2023(E)
Table 1 — Typical parameters for electrodynamic vibration generators
Rated Output of the Frequency Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Mass of
force power ampli- range displace- velocity acceleration load moving
fier ment without load system
2
N VA Hz mm m/s m/s kg kg
30 6,3 5 to 13 000 ±12,5 1,8 200 1,0 0,15
60 19 5 to 10 000 ±12,5 1,8 300 1,5 0,2
125 62,5 5 to 8 000 ±12,5 1,8 500 2,0 0,25
250 165 5 to 8 000 ±12,5 1,8 650 4,0 0,38
500 400 5 to 7 000 ±12,5 1,8 800 10,0 0,62
1 000 1 000 5 to 5 000 ±25 2,0 1 000 25,0 1,0
2 000 2 000 5 to 5 000 ±25 2,0 1 000 75,0 2,0
4 000 4 000 5 to 4 000 ±25 2,0 1 000 200,0 4,0
8 000 8 000 5 to 3 500 ±38 2,0 1 000 300,0 8,0
16 000 16 000 5 to 3 000 ±38 2,0 1 000 400,0 16,0
32 000 32 000 5 to 2 500 ±38 2,0 1 000 500,0 32,0
64 000 64 000 5 to 2 000 ±38 2,0 1 000 1 000,0 64,0
128 000 128 000 5 to 1 800 ±38 2,0 1 000 2 000,0 128,0
200 000 200 000 5 to 1 600 ±38 2,0 1 000 3 125,0 200,0
NOTE 1 Upper limits for different vibration parameters generally cannot be achieved simultaneously for extended
durations due to thermal constraints. See ISO 5344 for more details on electrodynamic vibration system specification.
NOTE 2 When the rated force is an r.m.s. value in random mode, this value is limited by electrical power draw and heat
dissipation. It is understood that higher instantaneous peak forces (often six times the r.m.s. level or more) will occur. The
manufacturer is responsible for designing components to survive these brief transients. This does not affect the selection
process.
The main features of electrodynamic vibration generators are the following:
— any type of excitation is possible: sinusoidal (at fixed frequencies and swept), random (broad-band
and narrow-band), shock, etc.;
— ease of control (manual and automatic);
— wide frequency range: 0,5 Hz up to 15 000 Hz (typically 5 Hz to 5 000 Hz); in general, the lower the
rated force the higher the upper limit of the frequency range;
— high displacement: up to ±50 mm (typically up to ±25,5 mm or ±38 mm), and acceleration: up to
2 2
1 500 m/s (typically up to 1 000 m/s );
— high force: up to 400 kN (typically up to 200 kN);
— relatively large permissible load: up to 4 000 kg (typically up to 1 000 kg);
— low harmonic distortion: about 5 %, excluding
...