ISO 26262-5:2011

Road vehicles — Functional safety — Part 5: Product development at the hardware level

ISO 26262 is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production passenger cars with a maximum gross vehicle mass up to 3 500 kg. ISO 26262 does not address unique E/E systems in special purpose vehicles such as vehicles designed for drivers with disabilities. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of ISO 26262, are exempted from the scope. For further development or alterations based on systems and their components released for production prior to the publication of ISO 26262, only the modifications will be developed in accordance with ISO 26262. ISO 26262 addresses possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E safety-related systems, including interaction of these systems. It does not address hazards related to electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosion, release of energy and similar hazards, unless directly caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E safety-related systems. ISO 26262 does not address the nominal performance of E/E systems, even if dedicated functional performance standards exist for these systems (e.g. active and passive safety systems, brake systems, Adaptive Cruise Control). ISO 26262-5:2011 specifies the requirements for product development at the hardware level for automotive applications, including the following: requirements for the initiation of product development at the hardware level, specification of the hardware safety requirements, hardware design, hardware architectural metrics, and evaluation of violation of the safety goal due to random hardware failures and hardware integration and testing. The requirements of ISO 26262-5:2011 for hardware elements are applicable both to non-programmable and programmable elements, such as ASIC, FPGA and PLD. Furthermore, for programmable electronic elements, requirements in ISO 26262-6, ISO 26262-8:2011, Clause 11, and ISO 26262-8:2011, Clause 12, are applicable.

Véhicules routiers — Sécurité fonctionnelle — Partie 5: Développement du produit au niveau du matériel

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 13-Nov-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Nov-2011
• ICS: 43.040.10 - Electrical and electronic equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 32 - Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 32/WG 8 - Functional safety
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 17-Dec-2018
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO 26262-5:2018 - Road vehicles — Functional safety — Part 5: Product development at the hardware level
• Effective Date: 05-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 26262-5
First edition
2011-11-15
Road vehicles — Functional safety —
Part 5:
Product development at the hardware
level
Véhicules routiers — Sécurité fonctionnelle —
Partie 5: Développement du produit au niveau du matériel

Reference number
©
ISO 2011
©  ISO 2011
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 2
3  Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
4  Requirements for compliance . 2
4.1  General requirements . 2
4.2  Interpretations of tables . 3
4.3  ASIL-dependent requirements and recommendations . 3
5  Initiation of product development at the hardware level . 3
5.1  Objectives . 3
5.2  General . 4
5.3  Inputs to this clause . 5
5.4  Requirements and recommendations . 5
5.5  Work products . 5
6  Specification of hardware safety requirements . 5
6.1  Objectives . 5
6.2  General . 6
6.3  Inputs to this clause . 6
6.4  Requirements and recommendations . 6
6.5  Work products . 8
7  Hardware design . 8
7.1  Objectives . 8
7.2  General . 8
7.3  Inputs to this clause . 9
7.4  Requirements and recommendations . 9
7.5  Work products . 13
8  Evaluation of the hardware architectural metrics . 13
8.1  Objectives . 13
8.2  General . 13
8.3  Inputs of this clause . 14
8.4  Requirements and recommendations . 15
8.5  Work products . 17
9  Evaluation of safety goal violations due to random hardware failures . 18
9.1  Objectives . 18
9.2  General . 18
9.3  Inputs to this clause . 18
9.4  Requirements and recommendations . 19
9.5  Work products . 26
10  Hardware integration and testing . 26
10.1  Objectives . 26
10.2  General . 26
10.3  Inputs of this clause . 26
10.4  Requirements and recommendations . 27
10.5  Work products . 29
Annex A (informative) Overview of and workflow of product development at the hardware level . 30
Annex B (informative) Failure mode classification of a hardware element.32
Annex C (normative) Hardware architectural metrics .34
Annex D (informative) Evaluation of the diagnostic coverage .39
Annex E (informative) Example calculation of hardware architectural metrics: “single-point fault
metric” and “latent-fault metric” .66
Annex F (informative) Application of scaling factors .72
Bibliography .75

iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 26262-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3,
Electrical and electronic equipment.
ISO 26262 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Functional safety:
 Part 1: Vocabulary
 Part 2: Management of functional safety
 Part 3: Concept phase
 Part 4: Product development at the system level
 Part 5: Product development at the hardware level
 Part 6: Product development at the software level
 Part 7: Production and operation
 Part 8: Supporting processes
 Part 9: Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)-oriented and safety-oriented analyses
 Part 10: Guideline on ISO 26262
Introduction
ISO 26262 is the adaptation of IEC 61508 to comply with needs specific to the application sector of electrical
and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles.
This adaptation applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of safety-related systems comprised of
electrical, electronic and software components.
Safety is one of the key issues of future automobile development. New functionalities not only in areas such
as driver assistance, propulsion, in vehicle dynamics control and active and passive safety systems
increasingly touch the domain of system safety engineering. Development and integration of these
functionalities will strengthen the need for safe system development processes and the need to provide
evidence that all reasonable system safety objectives are satisfied.
With the trend of increasing technological complexity, software content and mechatronic implementation, there
are increasing risks from systematic failures and random hardware failures. ISO 26262 includes guidance to
avoid these risks by providing appropriate requirements and processes.
System safety is achieved through a number of safety measures, which are implemented in a variety of
technologies (e.g. mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, programmable electronic) and
applied at the various levels of the development process. Although ISO 26262 is concerned with functional
safety of E/E systems, it provides a framework within which safety-related systems based on other
technologies can be considered. ISO 26262:
a) provides an automotive safety lifecycle (management, development, production, operation, service,
decommissioning) and supports tailoring the necessary activities during these lifecycle phases;
b) provides an automotive-specific risk-based approach to determine integrity levels [Automotive Safety
Integrity Levels (ASIL)];
c) uses ASILs to specify applicable requirements of ISO 26262 so as to avoid unreasonable residual risk;
d) provides requirements for validation and confirmation measures to ensure a sufficient and acceptable
level of safety being achieved;
e) provides requirements for relations with suppliers.
Functional safety is influenced by the development process (including such activities as requirements
specification, design, implementation, integration, verification, validation and configuration), the production
and service processes and by the management processes.
Safety issues are intertwined with common function-oriented and quality-oriented development activities and
work products. ISO 26262 addresses the safety-related aspects of development activities and work products.
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of this edition of ISO 26262. ISO 26262 is based upon a V-model as a
reference process model for the different phases of product development. Within the figure:
 the shaded “V”s represent the interconnection between ISO 26262-3, ISO 26262-4, ISO 26262-5,
ISO 26262-6 and ISO 26262-7;
 the specific clauses are indicated in the following manner: “m-n”, where “m” represents the number of the
particular part and “n” indicates the number of the clause within that part.
EXAMPLE “2-6” represents Clause 6 of ISO 26262-2.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Overview of ISO 26262

1. Vocabulary
2. Management of functional safety
2-6 Safety management during the concept phase 2-7 Safety management after the item´s release
2-5 Overall safety management
and the product development for production
4. Product development at the system level
3. Concept phase
...