ISO 24461:2022

Textiles — Anti-mosquito performance test method using the attractive blood feeding apparatus

This document specifies a method for evaluating the function of reducing mosquito contact and blood feeding through the anti-mosquito fabric regardless of whether chemicals are treated or not. It provides the test method for evaluating this function without using human or animal as blood feeding sources. In addition, this document is only concerned with evaluation of anti-mosquito performance, and not concerned with evaluation of preventive method of diseases caused by anti-mosquito performance.

Textiles — Méthode d'essai de performance anti-moustiques au moyen du dispositif d’attraction par apport de sang

Le présent document spécifie une méthode d’évaluation de la propriété de réduction des contacts avec les moustiques ainsi que de l’activité hématophage à travers les étoffes anti-moustiques, quel que soit le traitement chimique éventuellement appliqué. Il fournit une méthode d’essai pour évaluer la propriété susmentionnée sans utiliser ni humain ni animal en tant que source d’alimentation. En outre, le présent document ne couvre que l’évaluation des performances anti-moustiques et ne couvre pas l’évaluation des méthodes de prévention des maladies liées aux performances anti-moustiques.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2022
• ICS: 59.080.01 - Textiles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 38 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 38/WG 29 - Testing methods for textile products against noxious pests
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Due Date: 30-Sep-2022
• Completion Date: 10-Jun-2022

Standards Content (sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24461
First edition
2022-06
Textiles — Anti-mosquito
performance test method using the
attractive blood feeding apparatus
Textiles — Méthode d'essai de performance anti-moustiques au
moyen du dispositif d’attraction par apport de sang
Reference number
ISO 24461:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

5 Apparatus and materials ............................................................................................................................................................................2

5.1 Attractive blood feeding device .............................................................................................................................................. 2

5.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5.1.2 Feeding device ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5.1.3 Test cage ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.1.4 Specimen holder and lid ............................................................................................................................................... 5

5.1.5 Frame ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.1.6 Carbon dioxide gas supply unit and ventilation fan ................................... ......................................... 6

5.1.7 Infrared surface thermometer ................................... ............................................................................................ 6

5.2 Test blood .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.3 Test mosquito .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.4 Validation sample ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6 Test sample and test specimen ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.2 Handling of test sample and test specimen (Conditioning)............................................................................ 8

6.3 Preparation of specimen ........................................................................................................................................... ..................... 8

7 Test environment ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

8 Preparation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

8.1 Separation of test mosquitoes .................................................................................................................................................. 8

8.2 Preparation of thermostat temperature regulator ................................................................................................ 8

8.3 Preparation of feed reservoir .................................................................................................................................................... 8

8.4 Preparation of feeding device ................................................................................................................................................... 8

9 Procedure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

9.1 Test procedure ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

9.2 Validation check procedure ........................................................................................................................................................ 9

9.3 Calculation .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

9.3.1 Calculation of landing rate......................................................................................................................................... 9

9.3.2 Calculation of blood feeding rate ...................................................................................................................... 10

9.3.3 Calculation of blood feeding prevention index ..................................................................................... 11

9.4 Blood feeding validation check ............................................................................................................................................. 11

10 Test report ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................11

Annex A (informative) Breeding environment of mosquitoes used for testing .................................................13

Annex B (informative) Evaluation of blood feeding prevention..........................................................................................14

Annex C (informative) Blood feeding rate in relation to ages of test mosquitoes ............................................15

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)
Introduction

In recent years, threats of infectious diseases mediated by insects such as mosquitoes are rising. In

response to consumers' concerns about this, demand for high-performance anti-mosquito fabrics has

been expanding. However, there has been no standard for evaluating the performance of such anti-

mosquito fabrics, and it has been difficult to provide fair technical information on their performance.

Therefore, a new test method was established in order to evaluate anti-mosquito performance of

fabrics.

For this purpose, an apparatus was developed for attraction and blood feeding of blood-unfed

mosquitoes through fabrics without using human or animal as a feeding source.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed

that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent.

ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.

The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licenses under

reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In

this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO. Information may be

obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights other than those in the patent database. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying

any or all such patent rights.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24461:2022(E)
Textiles — Anti-mosquito performance test method using
the attractive blood feeding apparatus
1 Scope

This document specifies a method for evaluating the function of reducing mosquito contact and blood

feeding through the anti-mosquito fabric regardless of whether chemicals are treated or not. It provides

the test method for evaluating this function without using human or animal as blood feeding sources.

In addition, this document is only concerned with evaluation of anti-mosquito performance, and not

concerned with evaluation of preventive method of diseases caused by anti-mosquito performance.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
anti-mosquito fabric

fabric for preventing blood sucking by treating chemicals or processing fabric structure

3.2
landing

state of mosquito alighting and staying on a surface within an arbitrary section (on the test specimen)

3.3
blood feeding rate

percentage of the number of blood-fed mosquitoes through specimen to the total number of mosquitoes

3.4
probing behaviour

behaviour of mosquito while looking for a place to insert its proboscis for blood feeding

Note 1 to entry: This gesture is recognized as an up and down movement of the head.

3.5
blood feeding prevention
effectiveness of test sample in preventing blood feeding of mosquitoes

Note 1 to entry: In this document, it is indicated by the blood feeding prevention index.

4 Principle

Using the attractive blood feeding device, obtain the blood feeding prevention index and determine the

landing and probing behaviour of blood eager female mosquitoes when exposed to a test sample.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Attractive blood feeding device
5.1.1 General

Attractive blood feeding device consists of parts described in 5.1.2 to 5.1.7. An example of the

configuration of attractive blood feeding device is shown in Figure 1.
Key

1 hole for supplying carbon dioxide gas 5 nozzle for supplying carbon dioxide gas

2 test cage 6 feeding device
3 specimen holder 7 ventilation fan
4 test specimen 8 frame
Figure 1 — Configuration example of attractive blood feeding device
5.1.2 Feeding device

The feeding device is composed of a feed reservoir for pouring test blood and a thermostat temperature

regulator. An example of the configuration is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

5.1.1.1 Feed reservoir, composed of a metal or glass container holding test blood and membrane

covering the container. The surface covered with membranes serves as the feeding surface.

The diameter of feeding surface of feed reservoir shall be 35 mm ± 2 mm. The capacity of feed reservoir

should be at least 3 ml.
5.1.1.2 Membrane

An animal intestine, animal skin, collagen film, sausage casing, or artificial skin to be used as a

membrane through which a test mosquito can blood feed. Selected membrane should be agreed upon

between the interested parties.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 24461:2022(E)

5.1.1.3 Thermostat temperature regulator, device connected to feed reservoir that can control

temperature to a constant temperature ±0,5 °C.

An electrically controllable heater, a constant temperature water circulation device, and the like are

examples.
Key
1 thermostat temperature regulator 7 ventilation fan
2 test cage 8 feed reservoir
3 specimen holder 9 temperature control unit
4 test specimen 10 carbon dioxide gas supply un
...