ISO/IEC 18046-5:2025
(Main)Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test methods — Part 5: Test methods for the environmental characteristics of RFID tags used in sporting goods
Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test methods — Part 5: Test methods for the environmental characteristics of RFID tags used in sporting goods
This document specifies the methods for testing the environmental characteristics of RFID-enabled sporting goods. This document suggest methods for identifying the main use environments and related testing of environmental characteristics of sporting goods for indoor and outdoor sports with RFID and optionally additional advanced electronic devices like sensors. The environmental characteristics addressed in this document are applicable to manufacturers, including distribution and inventory management, as well as the aspects of consumer use of the actual RFID-enabled sports items. This document establishes methods to measure and evaluate the performance change of tags after environmental characteristic testing.
Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai des performances du dispositif d'identification par radiofréquence — Partie 5: Méthodes de test des performances des RFID utilisées dans les articles de sport
General Information
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International
Standard
ISO/IEC 18046-5
First edition
Information technology — Radio
2025-01
frequency identification device
performance test methods —
Part 5:
Test methods for the environmental
characteristics of RFID tags used in
sporting goods
Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai des
performances du dispositif d'identification par radiofréquence —
Partie 5: Méthodes de test des performances des RFID utilisées
dans les articles de sport
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
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© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 3
4.1 Abbreviated terms .3
4.2 Symbols .3
5 Requirements . 3
5.1 Mechanical and electrical characteristics .3
5.2 Testing item form .4
6 Test method . 4
6.1 Sampling method .4
6.2 Standard atmospheric conditions .4
6.3 Environmental characteristic test .4
6.3.1 Performance test .5
6.3.2 Environmental test .6
6.3.3 Calculation . 13
Annex A (informative) Test design manual . 14
Annex B (informative) PCR use case .22
Bibliography .23
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 18046 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
The global market for sporting goods is expanding rapidly each year, and as a result, RFID tags are becoming
increasingly popular in the industry. These small electronic devices transmit information using radio waves
and are particularly advantageous in efficiently tracking and managing individual products. While RFID
technology has primarily been used by manufacturers and distributors for inventory management, it is
gradually developing and being utilized by consumers for various purposes, such as monitoring an athlete's
performance or facilitating the payment and maintenance of sports equipment.
It is crucial to ensure the reliability of RFID tags in sporting goods, as errors or malfunctions can have
serious consequences. For instance, inaccurate inventory counts due to improperly registered RFID tags
can lead to under stocking or overstocking. Similarly, malfunctioning tags can result in inaccurate data,
potentially harming athlete training and leading to injury.
Various approaches can be taken to ensure the reliability of RFID tags. Performance and environmental
factors play a significant role, as the environment to which the tags are exposed can consist of physical,
chemical and biological conditions that can deteriorate the tag's performance or cause it to fail. This document
proposes a method to identify the main use environment and related environmental characteristics
of sporting goods, along with a way to measure and evaluate tag performance changes after testing the
environmental conditions. It recommends environmental tests that can demonstrate the product's ability
to operate or survive under the climatic and dynamic conditions typically encountered during the use of
sporting goods utilizing RFID tags.
While it is not always possible to make recommendations for all types of products, locations and applications,
this document offers a suitable test for the majority, increasing safety and success for businesses and users
alike. It is important to note that issues such as safety margins and acceleration factors are left to the
judgment of the designer, the manufacturer, the test consultant or the end user.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
v
International Standard ISO/IEC 18046-5:2025(en)
Information technology — Radio frequency identification
device performance test methods —
Part 5:
Test methods for the environmental characteristics of RFID
tags used in sporting goods
1 Scope
This document specifies the methods for testing the environmental characteristics of RFID-enabled
sporting goods.
This document suggest methods for identifying the main use environments and related testing of
environmental characteristics of sporting goods for indoor and outdoor sports with RFID and optionally
additional advanced electronic devices like sensors.
The environmental characteristics addressed in this document are applicable to manufacturers, including
distribution and inventory management, as well as the aspects of consumer use of the actual RFID-enabled
sports items. This document establishes methods to measure and evaluate the performance change of tags
after environmental characteristic testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 105-E04, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part E04: Colour fastness to perspiration
ISO/IEC 18000-2, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 2:
Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18000-61, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 61:
Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type A
ISO/IEC 18000-62, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 62:
Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type B
ISO/IEC 18000-63, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 63:
Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type C
ISO/IEC 18000-64, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 64:
Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type D
ISO/IEC 18046-3:2020, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
IEC 60068-1, Environmental Testing— Part 1: General and Guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental Testing— Part 2-1: Tests - Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental Testing— Part 2-2: Tests - Test B: Dry Heat
IEC 60068-2-11, Environmental Testing— Part 2-11: Tests - Test Ka: Salt Mist
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental Testing Method (Electric/ Electronic) Damp Heat, Steady State Testing Method
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental Testing— Part 2: Tests - Test Ea and Guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental Testing— Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:/
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