ISO 19467:2017
(Main)Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar simulator
Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar simulator
ISO 19467:2017 specifies a method to measure the solar heat gain coefficient of complete windows and doors. ISO 19467:2017 applies to windows and doors a) with various types of glazing (glass or plastic; single or multiple glazing; with or without low emissivity coatings, and with spaces filled with air or other gases), b) with opaque panels, c) with various types of frames (wood, plastic, metallic with and without thermal barrier or any combination of materials), d) with various types of shading devices (blind, screen, film or any attachment with shading effects), e) with various types of active solar fenestration systems [building-integrated PV systems (BIPV) or building-integrated solar thermal collectors (BIST)]. ISO 19467:2017 does not include the following: a) shading effects of building elements (e.g. eaves, sleeve wall, etc.); b) heat transfer caused by air leakage between indoors and outdoors; c) ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows; d) thermal bridge effects at the rebate or joint between the window or door frame and the rest of the building envelope. ISO 19467:2017 does not apply to the following: a) non-vertical windows; b) curtain walls; c) industrial, commercial and garage doors.
Performance thermique des fenêtres et portes — Détermination du coefficient de gain thermique solaire au moyen d'un simulateur solaire
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19467
First edition
2017-04
Thermal performance of windows and
doors — Determination of solar heat
gain coefficient using solar simulator
Performance thermique des fenêtres et portes — Détermination du
coefficient de gain thermique solaire au moyen d’un simulateur solaire
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and subscripts . 2
5 Principle . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Measurement of heat flow rates with irradiance . 3
5.3 Determination of the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal transmission . 5
5.4 Measurement of heat flow rates without irradiance . 6
6 Test apparatus and specimens . 8
6.1 Construction and summary of the test apparatus . 8
6.1.1 Construction of the test apparatus . 8
6.1.2 Summary of the test apparatus . 9
6.2 Solar simulator . 9
6.3 Climatic chamber .10
6.4 Metering box .10
6.5 Surround panels .11
6.6 Calibration panels.11
6.7 Metering location of temperatures and irradiance.11
6.8 Test specimens .12
7 Measurement procedure .12
7.1 Measurement .12
7.2 Expression of results for reference conditions .13
8 Test report .13
8.1 Report contents .13
8.2 Estimation of uncertainty .14
Annex A (normative) Determination of surface coefficient of heat transfer .15
Annex B (normative) Determination of night time U-value in case of small
temperature difference .17
Annex C (normative) Correction of measured solar heat gain coefficient to reference conditions 18
Annex D (informative) Examples of design of measuring apparatus .30
Annex E (informative) Example of temperature measurement .39
Annex F (informative) Measuring method and example of measurement of active solar
fenestration systems .42
Annex G (informative) Example of measurement and uncertainty analysis.44
Annex H (informative) Spectral weighting procedures based on ISO 9050 and with
analogous solar simulator spectra .47
Bibliography .52
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use
in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The terms solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), total solar energy transmittance (TSET), solar factor
and g-value are all used to describe the same quantity. Small differences might be caused by different
reference conditions (e.g. differences in the reference solar spectrum). In this document, solar heat gain
coefficient is used.
This document is designed to provide solar heat gain coefficient values by standardized measurement
method and to enable a fair comparison of different products. It specifies standardized apparatus and
criteria. The solar heat gain coefficient measuring apparatus applied in this document includes solar
simulator, climatic chamber, and metering box. Solar heat gain coefficient values of windows and doors
with or without shading devices shall be determined more precisely by means of combination between
calculation and measurement.
This document does not deal with the centre of glazing solar heat gain coefficient measurement.
However, the centre of glazing solar heat gain coefficient can be measured by either this method or
cooled plate method (see Reference [12]).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19467:2017(E)
Thermal performance of windows and doors —
Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar
simulator
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to measure the solar heat gain coefficient of complete windows
and doors.
This document applies to windows and doors
a) with various types of glazing (glass or plastic; single or multiple glazing; with or without low
emissivity coatings, and with spaces filled with air or other gases),
b) with opaque panels,
c) with various types of frames (wood, plastic, metallic with and without thermal barrier or any
combination of materials),
d) with various types of shading devices (blind, screen, film or any attachment with shading effects),
e) with various types of active solar fenestration systems [building-integrated PV systems (BIPV) or
building-integrated solar thermal collectors (BIST)].
This document does not include the following:
a) shading effects of building elements (e.g. eaves, sleeve wall, etc.);
b) heat transfer caused by air leakage between indoors and outdoors;
c) ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows;
d) thermal bridge effects at the rebate or joint between the window or door frame and the rest of the
building envelope.
This document does not apply to the following:
a) non-vertical windows;
b) curtain walls;
c) industrial, commercial and garage doors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9050, Glass in building — Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar
energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors
ISO 9845-1, Solar energy — Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving
conditions — Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5
ISO 12567-1, Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of thermal transmittance by
the hot-box method — Part 1: Complete windows and doors
ISO 15099:2003, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
1)
ISO 52022-3 , Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
components and elements — Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics
for solar protection devices combined with glazing
IEC 60904-9, Photovoltaic devices — Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 8990, ISO 9288,
ISO 9845-1, ISO 12567-1, ISO 15099 and IEC 60904-9 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Symbols and subscripts
Symbol Quantity Unit
A Area m
Solar heat gain coefficient (also known as total solar energy
g —
transmittance, solar factor or g-value)
h Surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m ·K)
H Height m
Irradiance, density of heat flow rate of incident radiation
I (energy per unit area per unit time resulting from incident W/m
radiation)
Density of heat flow rate (energy per unit area per unit time
q resulting from radiative and/or convective and/or conduc- W/m
tive heat transfer)
U Thermal transmittance W/(m ·K)
W Width m
θ Celsius temperature °C
Heat flow rate (energy per unit time resulting from radia-
Φ W
tive and/or convective and/or conductive heat transfer)
Subscripts Significance
Planes of peripheral wall of the me-
B
tering box
C Cooling device
ex External
F Internal fan
g Glazing
H Heating device
in Internal
m Measured
N Without irradiance
ne Environmental external
1) To be published.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Subscripts Significance
ni Environmental internal
P Surround panel
r Reflection
Solar Incident radiation
sp Test specimen
st Standardized
5 Principle
5.1 General
The solar heat gain coefficient can be determined according to the same principle equations that are
described as in ISO 15099:2003, Formula (14) and ISO 52022-3. Therefore, the determination of the
solar heat gain coefficient of windows and doors involves two stages. The first stage is to measure
the density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance (solar heat gain + thermal
transmission). The second stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through the test specimen
without irradiance (thermal transmission).
The net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation is determined by the radiometer in front of the
test specimen during the first stage.
The net density of heat flow rate of the solar heat gain is determined as the difference between the net
density of heat flow rate measured in the first stage and the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal
transmission, which is evaluated using the thermal transmittance measured in the second stage.
Since the measured solar heat gain coefficient, g , of windows and doors is the ratio of the net density
m
of heat flow rate of the solar heat gain to the net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation, it shall be
calculated using Formula (1) with or without shading devices:
qq−=q 0
()
in in Solar
g = (1)
m
q
Solar
where
q is the net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation, in W/m ;
Solar
q is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance,
in
in W/m ;
q (q = 0) is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature difference between inter-
nal side and external side is (θ – θ ), in W/m .
ne ni
All of the effects such as changes in the surface coefficient of heat transfer caused by the irradiance
shall be included in the solar heat gain coefficient.
5.2 Measurement of heat flow rates with irradiance
The heat flow rates with irradiance are shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 external side baffle (optional) Φ heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering
B
box with irradiance
2 internal side baffle (optional) Φ heat flow rate removed by the cooling device with irradiance
C
3 heat flow measuring device Φ heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans with
F
irradiance (optional)
4 cooling device Φ heat flow rate supplied by the heating device with irradiance
H
(optional)
5 heating device (optional) Φ net heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance
in
6 one or more internal fans (optional)Φ (q = 0) net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature
difference between internal side and external side is
(θ – θ )
ne ni
7 test specimen Φ heat flow rate through the surround panel with irradiance
P
Φ net heat flow rate of incident radiation
Solar
NOTE This figure shows the case of a condition when the environmental external temperature is higher
than the environmental internal temperature. In the case of a reverse condition, the directions of the heat flow
through the test specimen and the surround panel due to thermal transmission will be reversed.
Figure 1 — Heat flow rates with irradiance
The net density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation, q , shall be calculated using Formula (2):
Solar
IA×− IA×
Φ
Solarspr g
Solar
q == (2)
Solar
A A
sp sp
where
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Φ is the net heat flow rate of incident radiation, in watts;
Solar
I is the density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation, in W/m ;
Solar
A is the projected area of the test specimen, in m ;
sp
I is the density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation that is transmitted to the exter-
r
nal side of the metering box after being reflected in the internal side of the metering box,
in W/m ;
A is the glazing area of the test specimen, in m .
g
If I is proved to be negligible (I approximately 0), the net density of heat flow rate of the incident
r r
radiation, q , shall be calculated using Formula (3) which results in the second term on the right side
Solar
of Formula (2) to become 0.
Φ
Solar
q == I (3)
Solar Solar
A
sp
Whether I is negligible or not, it shall be evaluated by means of 7.2 and Annex C. In the case of ripped
r
cooling devices with multi reflection between the cooling lamella, I can be neglected if the coating of
r
the cooling lamella has a solar reflectance of 0,05 or lower.
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance, q , shall be calculated
in
using Formula (4):
Φ ΦΦ−−ΦΦ−−Φ
in CB FH P
q == (4)
in
AA
sp sp
where
Φ is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance, in watts;
in
Φ is the heat flow rate removed by the cooling device with irradiance, in watts;
C
Φ is the heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box with irradiance,
B
in watts;
Φ is the heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans with irradiance (optional),
F
in watts;
Φ is the heat flow rate supplied by the heating device with irradiance (optional), in watts;
H
Φ is the heat flow rate through the surround panel with irradiance, in watts.
P
5.3 Determination of the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal transmission
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission without
irradiance, q (q = 0), shall be calculated using Formula (5):
in Solar
Φ q = 0
()
in Solar
qq = 0 = =×U θθ− (5)
() ()
in Solar Nneni
A
sp
where
Φ (q = 0) is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission
in Solar
without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side and
external side is (θ – θ ), in watts;
ne ni
U is the thermal transmittance of the test specimen without irradiance, in W/(m ·K);
N
θ is the environmental external temperature with irradiance, in °C;
ne
θ is the environmental internal temperature with irradiance, in °C.
ni
5.4 Measurement of heat flow rates without irradiance
The thermal transmittance of the test specimen without irradiance, U , shall be calculated using
N
Formula (6):
′
qq =
()
in Solar
U = (6)
N
′′
θθ−
ne ni
where
q′ (q = 0) is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal trans-
in Solar
mission without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side
and external side is (θ′ – θ′ ), in W/m ;
ne ni
θ′ is the environmental external temperature without irradiance, in °C;
ne
θ′ is the environmental internal temperature without irradiance, in °C.
ni
In the case when (θ′ – θ′ ) is too small, U shall be estimated by means of Annex B.
ne ni N
The heat flow rates without irradiance are shown in Figure 2.
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Key
1 external side baffle (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box
B
without irradiance
2 internal side baffle (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate removed by the cooling device without irradiance
C
3 heat flow measuring device Φ′ heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans without irradiance
F
(optional)
4 cooling device Φ′ heat flow rate supplied by the heating device without irradiance (optional)
H
5 heating device (optional) Φ′ (q = 0) net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature
difference between internal side and external side is (θ′ – θ′ )
ne ni
6 one or more internal fans (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate through the surround panel without irradiance
P
7 test specimen
NOTE This figure shows the case of a condition when the environmental external temperature is higher
than the environmental internal temperature. In the case of a reverse condition, the directions of the heat flow
through the test specimen and the surround panel due to thermal transmission will be reversed.
Figure 2 — Heat flow rates without irradiance
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission without
irradiance, q’ (q = 0), shall be calculated using Formula (7):
in Solar
′
′′ ′′ ′
Φ q = 0
ΦΦ−−ΦΦ−−Φ
()
in Solar
′
CB FH P
qq = 0 = = (7)
()
in Solar
AA
sp sp
where
Φ′ (q = 0) is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission
in Solar
without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side and
external side is (θ′ – θ′ ), in watts;
ne ni
Φ′ is the heat flow rate removed by the cooling device without irradiance, in watts;
C
Φ′ is the heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box with-
B
out irradiance, in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans without irradiance
F
(optional), in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate supplied by the heating device without irradiance (optional),
H
in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate through the surround panel without irradiance, in watts.
P
6 Test apparatus and specimens
6.1 Construction and summary of the test apparatus
6.1.1 Construction of the test apparatus
The measuring apparatus consists of a solar simulator, a climatic chamber, and a metering box. The
overall construction of the measuring apparatus is shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 solar simulator 8 test specimen
2 climatic chamber 9 internal side baffle (optional)
3 metering box 10 one or more internal fans (optional)
4 transparent aperture 11 heating device (optional)
5 external side baffle (optional) 12 heat flow measuring device
6 external airflow generator 13 cooling device
7 surround panel 14 peripheral wall of the metering box
Figure 3 — Construction of the test apparatus
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
6.1.2 Summary of the test apparatus
The measuring apparatus can be summarized as follows.
a) Light emitted by the solar simulator passes through the transparent aperture and is then
directed towards the test specimen. The light passing through the test specimen is absorbed by
the cooling device.
b) The transparent aperture is installed in the climatic chamber in order to allow the light from the
solar simulator to pass through to the test specimen.
c) The external airflow generator and the external side baffle with transparency may be installed
in the climatic chamber in order to adjust the external surface coefficient of heat transfer and
environmental external temperature.
d) The cooling device is installed opposite the test specimen in the metering box in order to remove
the solar heat gain and the thermal transmission that has entered the metering box.
e) The heating device and the internal side baffle with transparency may be installed in the metering
box in order to adjust the internal surface coefficient of heat transfer and environmental internal
temperature.
f) One or more internal fans may be installed in the metering box in order to stir the internal air to
obtain a uniform temperature distribution and/or to adjust the internal surface coefficient of heat
transfer.
g) All of the heat flow rates passing through the metering box are measured by the heat flow
measuring device in order to determine the net heat flow rate through the test specimen.
h) All the walls and the floor shall be covered with the coating of solar reflectance of 0,05 or lower in
order to avoid stray light.
6.2 Solar simulator
A steady-state solar simulator shall be used, which meets with the following requirements.
a) Spectral match of the irradiance: The spectral match of the irradiance on the test plane is defined
by the deviation from the global reference solar spectral irradiance for air mass 1,5 in accordance
with ISO 9845-1. For nine wavelength ranges, the percentage of total irradiance is specified in
Table 1. The spectral match to all wavelength ranges specified in Table 1 shall be measured in
accordance with IEC 60904-9 and shall be within 0,55 to 1,45. Examples of spectral match of solar
simulator are shown in Table D.1.
Table 1 — Global reference solar spectral irradiance distribution given in ISO 9845-1
Wavelength range Percentage of total irradiance in the
No.
nm wavelength range 300 nm to 2 500 nm
1 300 to 400 4,6 %
2 400 to 500 14,1 %
3 500 to 600 15,4 %
4 600 to 700 14,0 %
5 700 to 800 11,3 %
6 800 to 900 9,4 %
7 900 to 1 100 12,2 %
8 1 100 to 1 700 14,1 %
9 1 700 to 2 500 4,8 %
b) Non-uniformity of the irradiance: The non-uniformity of the irradiance on the test plane shall be
measured in accordance with IEC 60904-9 and shall be within 5 %. However, the designated test
area shall be divided into at least 16 points, alternatively.
c) Temporal instability of the irradiance: Temporal instability of the irradiance on the test plane shall
be measured by the procedure for long term instability (LTI) in accordance with IEC 60904-9 and
shall be within 5 %.
d) Maximum angle of irradiance: The maximum angle of irradiance to the test specimen shall be
within 10°.
e) Area of effective irradiance: The width and height of the area of effective irradiance shall be 100 %
or greater than each dimension of the test specimen width, W , and height, H .
sp sp
6.3 Climatic chamber
The climatic chamber is constructed of the following: a transparent aperture, an external airflow
generator, an external side baffle (optional), and the surround panel aperture. It maintains the
environmental external conditions (see Figure 3).
a) Transparent aperture: The transparent aperture is installed in order to allow the light from
the solar simulator to pass through the climatic chamber to the test specimen. The transparent
aperture shall be made from high-transmittance glass specified as follows:
1) the solar transmittance of each glass pane according to ISO 9050 shall be 88,0 % or higher;
2) the difference between the maximum and minimum value of the spectrum transmittance
according to ISO 9050:2003, Table 2 within a range of 380 nm to 2 100 nm shall be 0,050 or lower.
b) External airflow generator: The external airflow generator is installed in order to maintain the
external surface coefficient of heat transfer on the test specimen. The airflow shall be parallel to
the test specimen and the surround panel. The appropriate air speed shall be set to maintain the
external surface coefficient of heat transfer.
c) External side baffle (optional): The external side baffle with transparency may be installed in
order to form and maintain the environmental external conditions between the test specimen and
the surround panel. The external side baffle is very useful to set up the environmental external
conditions. More details are presented in ISO 12567-1. In this case, the environmental temperature
may be considered as the air temperature. The external side baffle shall be made from high-
transmittance glass.
6.4 Metering box
The metering box is constructed from the following: a cooling device, an internal side baffle (optional),
one or more internal fans (optional), and a heating device (optional). It maintains the environmental
internal conditions (see Figure 3).
The appropriate heat flow measuring devices such as heat flow meter and so forth shall be used in
order to measure all of the heat flow rates passing through the metering box.
a) Cooling device: The cooling device is installed opposite to the test specimen in order to remove all
the heat entering the metering box. The surface of the cooling device shall have a solar absorptance
of 0,90 or greater and have a matte finished to maximize heat absorption. The heat flow meters or
the calorimeter may be used as the heat flow measuring device. The refrigerant set a temperature
lower than environmental internal temperature, is circulated over the rear surface of the cooling
device. Environmental internal temperature is controlled by either the heating device, the inlet
temperature of the refrigerant or the volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant or by a combination of
these three.
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
b) Internal side baffle (optional): The internal side baffle with transparency may be installed in
order to form and maintain the environmental internal conditions between the test specimen and
the surround panel. The internal side baffle is very useful to set up the environmental internal
conditions. More details are presented in ISO 12567-1. In this case, the environmental temperature
may be considered as the air temperature. The internal side baffle shall be made from high-
transmittance glass.
c) Heating device (optional): The heating device may be installed in the metering box to control
environmental internal temperature. The electrical power used for heating shall be measured.
d) One or more internal fans: The one or more internal fans may be installed in the metering box
in order to stir the internal air to obtain a uniform temperature distribution and/or to adjust the
internal surface coefficient of heat transfer. The electrical power used for stirring the air shall be
measured.
6.5 Surround panels
The surround panels shall be used to hold the test specimen in the correct position and to separate the
climatic chamber side from the metering box side.
The heat flow rate through the surround panels shall be determined, for example, by measuring it with
heat flow measuring devices that are attached to the surface of the surround panel on the metering box
side and/or climatic chamber side or by calculating it based on the temperature difference between the
surface of the surround panel on the metering box side and climatic chamber side.
NOTE An example of the design of the surround panel is shown in Annex D.
6.6 Calibration panels
The calibration panels shall be of a size similar to the test specimen. They are used to set up the
measuring conditions of the surface coefficients of heat transfer.
The calibration panel conforms to ISO 12567-1.
6.7 Metering location of temperatures and irradiance
Metering location of temperatures and irradiance shall be as follows.
a) The surface temperatures of the calibration panels shall be measured on the climatic chamber side
and the metering box side. Temperatures shall be measured by appropriate methods at appropriate
locations.
b) The air temperatures and the baffle surface temperatures of the metering box side shall be
measured using the same layout of the surface temperatures grid on the calibration panel. Examples
of the temperature measurement are shown in Annex E.
c) The distance between the air temperature sensors and the surfaces of the surround panel of both
the climatic chamber and metering box sides shall be approximately 100 mm.
d) The net density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation, q , shall be measured by a radiometer
Solar
installed on the climatic chamber side directly facing the light source. The position of the
radiometer shall be near the centre of the test specimen and not cast a shadow on the temperature
sensor. The distance between the radiometer and the surface of the surround panel shall be
approximately 50 mm.
e) The temperature sensors shall have the mechanism to eliminate the effects due to irradiance as
much as possible.
6.8 Test specimens
The test specimen shall fill the surround panel aperture, in accordance with the actual construction.
The clearance between the surround panel and the test specimen frame shall be 5 mm or less, and the
perimeter joints between the surround panel and the specimen shall be sealed with tape, caulking or
mastic material.
7 Measurement procedure
7.1 Measurement
Measurements shall be performed in each case with and without irradiance. Recommended
environmental conditions are shown in Table 2.
The environmental conditions may be decided according to local standards, national standards or
regulations. Alternate environmental conditions shall be reported in 8.1 d).
Table 2 — Recommended environmental conditions
Conditions according Conditions according
Element to ISO 15099 to ISO 52022‑3
Summer Winter Summer Reference
Internal temperature, θ °C 25 20 25 20
in
External temperature, θ °C 30 0 25 5
ex
a 2
Internal surface coefficient of heat transfer , h W/(m ·K) 8 8 8 8
si
a 2
External surface coefficient of heat transfer , h W/(m ·K) 14 24 14 23
se
b 2
Density of heat flow rate of incident radiation , q W/m 500 300 500 300
Solar
NOTE 1 The performance requirements of windows and doors are the solar shading in summer and the solar heat gain in
winter. Therefore, this document specifies each of the environmental conditions.
NOTE 2 Whether the heat flow rate due to thermal transmission is negligible or not should be decided according to
Annex B.
a
Internal and external surface coefficients of heat transfer shall be determined as specified in Annex A.
b
Irradiance shall be normal incidence to the test plane. If the solar simulator cannot meet the density of heat flow rate of
the incident radiation, q , under summer conditions, the value may be 400 W/m or higher and the maximum density of
Solar
heat flow rate.
The tolerance for the air temperature or environmental temperature difference between internal side and
external side during measurements shall be ±2 °C or ±5 °C, respectively, of the set value. The difference
between the environmental temperatures and the reference temperatures shall be less than 5 K.
The metering location of the metering box side shall be used the same layout of the air temperatures
grid in the case when the surface temperatures of the test specimen and baffle are measured. Examples
of the temperature measurement are shown in Annex E.
The relative humidity in the climatic chamber and metering box shall be kept at low enough levels to
avoid condensation or other factors.
The heat flow rate pass through the test specimen and others are as shown in Clause 5.
The measurement set-up shall reach thermally stable conditions before valid measurements with
or without irradiation can be performed. The required time to reach stability for steady-state tests
depends upon such factors as irradiance, thermal resistance and thermal capacity of the specimen,
surface coefficients of heat transfer, presence of mass transfer and/or moisture redistribution within
the specimen, type and performance of automatic controllers of the apparatus. Due to variation of
these factors, it is impossible to give a single criterion for steady-state. An example of a requirement
for steady-state is the following: In order to check the stability of the measurement set-up, the thermal
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transmittance (for measurements without irradiation) or solar heat gain coefficient (for measurements
with irradiation) can be averaged over three disjoint time intervals of minimum 10 min each. The
frequency of the measurement for each quantity (e.g. for the heat flow rate) can be 30 s or less. When
the solar heat gain coefficients or thermal transmittances deviate less than 1 % from the average of the
three values, thermally stable conditions can be assumed. In order to determine the valid final result,
the measurement can then be continued for at least 30 min and the average over that time period shall
be used.
7.2 Expression of results for reference conditions
The solar heat gain coefficient depends on several environmental conditions (e.g. the external airflow
and the spectrum of the irradiance). The goal of the measurements is to determine standardized solar
heat gain coefficient, g , for a certain set of reference environmental conditions. These measurement
st
reference environmental conditions can be national or international reference conditions for product
comparisons or product ratings or special conditions.
During the measurements, the measuring conditions should be close to the reference environmental
conditions. However, it is difficult to realize exactly the reference environmental conditions. Therefore,
the measured solar heat gain coefficient, g , is necessary either to prove that the difference between
m
both conditions is negligible or to correct g to g . In following cases, it shall be checked and corrected
m st
according to the methods specified in Annex C.
a) Correction and sensitivity analysis of the effect of the non-ideal black absorber: This correction
shall be done in the case when irradiation reflected back to the external side of the metering box, I ,
r
is not negligible. In the case of negligible level, it shall be proved.
b) Correction and sensitivity analysis for a non-reference spectrum of the solar simulator.
c) Correction and sensitivity analysis for non-reference external and internal convective heat transfer
conditions: This correction may be used in the case to correct to specific surface coefficients of
heat transfer.
8 Test report
8.1 Report contents
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) number and title of this document, i.e. ISO 19467;
b) identification of the organization performing the measurement;
c) date of measurement;
d) environmental conditions;
e) all details necessary to identify the test specimen:
1) specifications such as the name, type, width, height, thickness, material, colour, and other
elements of the frame, glazing, shading device, opaque panel, or other components;
2) the technical drawing (cross-sections) of the test specimen;
f) results of measurement.
The results of measurement listed in Table 3 shall be indicated. The results of the solar heat gain
coefficient shall be accurate to two decimal places.
Table 3 — Indicated results of measurement
With Without
Element
irradiance irradiance
Standardized solar heat gain coefficient, g — O ―
st
Measured solar heat gain coefficient, g — O ―
m
Thermal transmittance, U W/(m ·K) ―
N
Projected width of test specimen, W m O
sp
Projected height of test specimen, H m O
sp
Projected area of test specimen, A m O
sp
Ratio of glazing area, A /A — O
g sp
Net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation, q W/m ―
Solar
Net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen, q W/m ―
in
Net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to
W/m
thermal transmission, q (q = 0), q′ (q = 0)
in Solar in Solar
Mean environmental external temperature, θ , θ′ °C O O
ne ne
Mean environmental internal temperature,θ , θ′ °C O O
ni ni
NOTE Measured solar heat gain coefficient is obtained from measuring conditions. Standardized solar heat gain
coefficient is the corrected value for effects of some difference between reference conditions and measuring conditions.
O Mandatory.
Recommended.
8.2 Estimation of uncertainty
Estimation of the uncertainty of measurement should include the following contribution for uncertainty
(standard uncertainty):
a) uncertainties related to the measuring apparatus (including uncertainties in verification and
characterization of the measuring apparatus);
b) uncertainties related to the calibration of the measurement method (including uncertainties in
thermal conductance of the calibration panels and settings on the internal and external surface
coefficient of heat transfer);
c) uncertainty related to the calibration of the measurement equipment and accuracy of the
measurement equipment [radiometer, heat flow meter, thermocouple, thermopile, resistance
temperature detector (RTD), temperature measurements, voltage measurements, electric power
measurements, fluid flow rate measurements, etc.];
d) uncertainties related to the irradiate conditions of solar simulator (temporal instability, non-
uniformity, etc.);
e) uncertainties related to the measurement method (measurement procedure, varia
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