ISO 19467:2017
(Main)Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar simulator
Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar simulator
ISO 19467:2017 specifies a method to measure the solar heat gain coefficient of complete windows and doors. ISO 19467:2017 applies to windows and doors a) with various types of glazing (glass or plastic; single or multiple glazing; with or without low emissivity coatings, and with spaces filled with air or other gases), b) with opaque panels, c) with various types of frames (wood, plastic, metallic with and without thermal barrier or any combination of materials), d) with various types of shading devices (blind, screen, film or any attachment with shading effects), e) with various types of active solar fenestration systems [building-integrated PV systems (BIPV) or building-integrated solar thermal collectors (BIST)]. ISO 19467:2017 does not include the following: a) shading effects of building elements (e.g. eaves, sleeve wall, etc.); b) heat transfer caused by air leakage between indoors and outdoors; c) ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows; d) thermal bridge effects at the rebate or joint between the window or door frame and the rest of the building envelope. ISO 19467:2017 does not apply to the following: a) non-vertical windows; b) curtain walls; c) industrial, commercial and garage doors.
Performance thermique des fenêtres et portes — Détermination du coefficient de gain thermique solaire au moyen d'un simulateur solaire
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19467
First edition
2017-04
Thermal performance of windows and
doors — Determination of solar heat
gain coefficient using solar simulator
Performance thermique des fenêtres et portes — Détermination du
coefficient de gain thermique solaire au moyen d’un simulateur solaire
Reference number
ISO 19467:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and subscripts . 2
5 Principle . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Measurement of heat flow rates with irradiance . 3
5.3 Determination of the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal transmission . 5
5.4 Measurement of heat flow rates without irradiance . 6
6 Test apparatus and specimens . 8
6.1 Construction and summary of the test apparatus . 8
6.1.1 Construction of the test apparatus . 8
6.1.2 Summary of the test apparatus . 9
6.2 Solar simulator . 9
6.3 Climatic chamber .10
6.4 Metering box .10
6.5 Surround panels .11
6.6 Calibration panels.11
6.7 Metering location of temperatures and irradiance.11
6.8 Test specimens .12
7 Measurement procedure .12
7.1 Measurement .12
7.2 Expression of results for reference conditions .13
8 Test report .13
8.1 Report contents .13
8.2 Estimation of uncertainty .14
Annex A (normative) Determination of surface coefficient of heat transfer .15
Annex B (normative) Determination of night time U-value in case of small
temperature difference .17
Annex C (normative) Correction of measured solar heat gain coefficient to reference conditions 18
Annex D (informative) Examples of design of measuring apparatus .30
Annex E (informative) Example of temperature measurement .39
Annex F (informative) Measuring method and example of measurement of active solar
fenestration systems .42
Annex G (informative) Example of measurement and uncertainty analysis.44
Annex H (informative) Spectral weighting procedures based on ISO 9050 and with
analogous solar simulator spectra .47
Bibliography .52
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use
in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods.
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Introduction
The terms solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), total solar energy transmittance (TSET), solar factor
and g-value are all used to describe the same quantity. Small differences might be caused by different
reference conditions (e.g. differences in the reference solar spectrum). In this document, solar heat gain
coefficient is used.
This document is designed to provide solar heat gain coefficient values by standardized measurement
method and to enable a fair comparison of different products. It specifies standardized apparatus and
criteria. The solar heat gain coefficient measuring apparatus applied in this document includes solar
simulator, climatic chamber, and metering box. Solar heat gain coefficient values of windows and doors
with or without shading devices shall be determined more precisely by means of combination between
calculation and measurement.
This document does not deal with the centre of glazing solar heat gain coefficient measurement.
However, the centre of glazing solar heat gain coefficient can be measured by either this method or
cooled plate method (see Reference [12]).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19467:2017(E)
Thermal performance of windows and doors —
Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar
simulator
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to measure the solar heat gain coefficient of complete windows
and doors.
This document applies to windows and doors
a) with various types of glazing (glass or plastic; single or multiple glazing; with or without low
emissivity coatings, and with spaces filled with air or other gases),
b) with opaque panels,
c) with various types of frames (wood, plastic, metallic with and without thermal barrier or any
combination of materials),
d) with various types of shading devices (blind, screen, film or any attachment with shading effects),
e) with various types of active solar fenestration systems [building-integrated PV systems (BIPV) or
building-integrated solar thermal collectors (BIST)].
This document does not include the following:
a) shading effects of building elements (e.g. eaves, sleeve wall, etc.);
b) heat transfer caused by air leakage between indoors and outdoors;
c) ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows;
d) thermal bridge effects at the rebate or joint between the window or door frame and the rest of the
building envelope.
This document does not apply to the following:
a) non-vertical windows;
b) curtain walls;
c) industrial, commercial and garage doors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9050, Glass in building — Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar
energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors
ISO 9845-1, Solar energy — Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving
conditions — Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5
ISO 12567-1, Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of thermal transmittance by
the hot-box method — Part 1: Complete windows and doors
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
ISO 15099:2003, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
1)
ISO 52022-3 , Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
components and elements — Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics
for solar protection devices combined with glazing
IEC 60904-9, Photovoltaic devices — Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 8990, ISO 9288,
ISO 9845-1, ISO 12567-1, ISO 15099 and IEC 60904-9 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Symbols and subscripts
Symbol Quantity Unit
2
A Area m
Solar heat gain coefficient (also known as total solar energy
g —
transmittance, solar factor or g-value)
2
h Surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m ·K)
H Height m
Irradiance, density of heat flow rate of incident radiation
2
I (energy per unit area per unit time resulting from incident W/m
radiation)
Density of heat flow rate (energy per unit area per unit time
2
q resulting from radiative and/or convective and/or conduc- W/m
tive heat transfer)
2
U Thermal transmittance W/(m ·K)
W Width m
θ Celsius temperature °C
Heat flow rate (energy per unit time resulting from radia-
Φ W
tive and/or convective and/or conductive heat transfer)
Subscripts Significance
Planes of peripheral wall of the me-
B
tering box
C Cooling device
ex External
F Internal fan
g Glazing
H Heating device
in Internal
m Measured
N Without irradiance
ne Environmental external
1) To be published.
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Subscripts Significance
ni Environmental internal
P Surround panel
r Reflection
Solar Incident radiation
sp Test specimen
st Standardized
5 Principle
5.1 General
The solar heat gain coefficient can be determined according to the same principle equations that are
described as in ISO 15099:2003, Formula (14) and ISO 52022-3. Therefore, the determination of the
solar heat gain coefficient of windows and doors involves two stages. The first stage is to measure
the density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance (solar heat gain + thermal
transmission). The second stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through the test specimen
without irradiance (thermal transmission).
The net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation is determined by the radiometer in front of the
test specimen during the first stage.
The net density of heat flow rate of the solar heat gain is determined as the difference between the net
density of heat flow rate measured in the first stage and the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal
transmission, which is evaluated using the thermal transmittance measured in the second stage.
Since the measured solar heat gain coefficient, g , of windows and doors is the ratio of the net density
m
of heat flow rate of the solar heat gain to the net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation, it shall be
calculated using Formula (1) with or without shading devices:
qq−=q 0
()
in in Solar
g = (1)
m
q
Solar
where
2
q is the net density of heat flow rate of incident radiation, in W/m ;
Solar
q is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance,
in
2
in W/m ;
q (q = 0) is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature difference between inter-
2
nal side and external side is (θ – θ ), in W/m .
ne ni
All of the effects such as changes in the surface coefficient of heat transfer caused by the irradiance
shall be included in the solar heat gain coefficient.
5.2 Measurement of heat flow rates with irradiance
The heat flow rates with irradiance are shown in Figure 1.
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Key
1 external side baffle (optional) Φ heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering
B
box with irradiance
2 internal side baffle (optional) Φ heat flow rate removed by the cooling device with irradiance
C
3 heat flow measuring device Φ heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans with
F
irradiance (optional)
4 cooling device Φ heat flow rate supplied by the heating device with irradiance
H
(optional)
5 heating device (optional) Φ net heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance
in
6 one or more internal fans (optional)Φ (q = 0) net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature
difference between internal side and external side is
(θ – θ )
ne ni
7 test specimen Φ heat flow rate through the surround panel with irradiance
P
Φ net heat flow rate of incident radiation
Solar
NOTE This figure shows the case of a condition when the environmental external temperature is higher
than the environmental internal temperature. In the case of a reverse condition, the directions of the heat flow
through the test specimen and the surround panel due to thermal transmission will be reversed.
Figure 1 — Heat flow rates with irradiance
The net density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation, q , shall be calculated using Formula (2):
Solar
IA×− IA×
Φ
Solarspr g
Solar
q == (2)
Solar
A A
sp sp
where
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Φ is the net heat flow rate of incident radiation, in watts;
Solar
2
I is the density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation, in W/m ;
Solar
2
A is the projected area of the test specimen, in m ;
sp
I is the density of heat flow rate of the incident radiation that is transmitted to the exter-
r
nal side of the metering box after being reflected in the internal side of the metering box,
2
in W/m ;
2
A is the glazing area of the test specimen, in m .
g
If I is proved to be negligible (I approximately 0), the net density of heat flow rate of the incident
r r
radiation, q , shall be calculated using Formula (3) which results in the second term on the right side
Solar
of Formula (2) to become 0.
Φ
Solar
q == I (3)
Solar Solar
A
sp
Whether I is negligible or not, it shall be evaluated by means of 7.2 and Annex C. In the case of ripped
r
cooling devices with multi reflection between the cooling lamella, I can be neglected if the coating of
r
the cooling lamella has a solar reflectance of 0,05 or lower.
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance, q , shall be calculated
in
using Formula (4):
Φ ΦΦ−−ΦΦ−−Φ
in CB FH P
q == (4)
in
AA
sp sp
where
Φ is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen with irradiance, in watts;
in
Φ is the heat flow rate removed by the cooling device with irradiance, in watts;
C
Φ is the heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box with irradiance,
B
in watts;
Φ is the heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans with irradiance (optional),
F
in watts;
Φ is the heat flow rate supplied by the heating device with irradiance (optional), in watts;
H
Φ is the heat flow rate through the surround panel with irradiance, in watts.
P
5.3 Determination of the net density of heat flow rate due to thermal transmission
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission without
irradiance, q (q = 0), shall be calculated using Formula (5):
in Solar
Φ q = 0
()
in Solar
qq = 0 = =×U θθ− (5)
() ()
in Solar Nneni
A
sp
where
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Φ (q = 0) is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission
in Solar
without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side and
external side is (θ – θ ), in watts;
ne ni
2
U is the thermal transmittance of the test specimen without irradiance, in W/(m ·K);
N
θ is the environmental external temperature with irradiance, in °C;
ne
θ is the environmental internal temperature with irradiance, in °C.
ni
5.4 Measurement of heat flow rates without irradiance
The thermal transmittance of the test specimen without irradiance, U , shall be calculated using
N
Formula (6):
′
0
qq =
()
in Solar
U = (6)
N
′′
θθ−
ne ni
where
q′ (q = 0) is the net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal trans-
in Solar
mission without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side
2
and external side is (θ′ – θ′ ), in W/m ;
ne ni
θ′ is the environmental external temperature without irradiance, in °C;
ne
θ′ is the environmental internal temperature without irradiance, in °C.
ni
In the case when (θ′ – θ′ ) is too small, U shall be estimated by means of Annex B.
ne ni N
The heat flow rates without irradiance are shown in Figure 2.
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Key
1 external side baffle (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box
B
without irradiance
2 internal side baffle (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate removed by the cooling device without irradiance
C
3 heat flow measuring device Φ′ heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans without irradiance
F
(optional)
4 cooling device Φ′ heat flow rate supplied by the heating device without irradiance (optional)
H
5 heating device (optional) Φ′ (q = 0) net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal
in Solar
transmission without irradiance when the temperature
difference between internal side and external side is (θ′ – θ′ )
ne ni
6 one or more internal fans (optional) Φ′ heat flow rate through the surround panel without irradiance
P
7 test specimen
NOTE This figure shows the case of a condition when the environmental external temperature is higher
than the environmental internal temperature. In the case of a reverse condition, the directions of the heat flow
through the test specimen and the surround panel due to thermal transmission will be reversed.
Figure 2 — Heat flow rates without irradiance
The net density of heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission without
irradiance, q’ (q = 0), shall be calculated using Formula (7):
in Solar
′
′′ ′′ ′
Φ q = 0
ΦΦ−−ΦΦ−−Φ
()
in Solar
′
CB FH P
qq = 0 = = (7)
()
in Solar
AA
sp sp
where
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
Φ′ (q = 0) is the net heat flow rate through the test specimen due to thermal transmission
in Solar
without irradiance when the temperature difference between internal side and
external side is (θ′ – θ′ ), in watts;
ne ni
Φ′ is the heat flow rate removed by the cooling device without irradiance, in watts;
C
Φ′ is the heat flow rate through the planes of peripheral wall of the metering box with-
B
out irradiance, in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate supplied by the one or more internal fans without irradiance
F
(optional), in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate supplied by the heating device without irradiance (optional),
H
in watts;
Φ′ is the heat flow rate through the surround panel without irradiance, in watts.
P
6 Test apparatus and specimens
6.1 Construction and summary of the test apparatus
6.1.1 Construction of the test apparatus
The measuring apparatus consists of a solar simulator, a climatic chamber, and a metering box. The
overall construction of the measuring apparatus is shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 solar simulator 8 test specimen
2 climatic chamber 9 internal side baffle (optional)
3 metering box 10 one or more internal fans (optional)
4 transparent aperture 11 heating device (optional)
5 external side baffle (optional) 12 heat flow measuring device
6 external airflow generator 13 cooling device
7 surround panel 14 peripheral wall of the metering box
Figure 3 — Construction of the test apparatus
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
6.1.2 Summary of the test apparatus
The measuring apparatus can be summarized as follows.
a) Light emitted by the solar simulator passes through the transparent aperture and is then
directed towards the test specimen. The light passing through the test specimen is absorbed by
the cooling device.
b) The transparent aperture is installed in the climatic chamber in order to allow the light from the
solar simulator to pass through to the test specimen.
c) The external airflow generator and the external side baffle with transparency may be installed
in the climatic chamber in order to adjust the external surface coefficient of heat transfer and
environmental external temperature.
d) The cooling device is installed opposite the test specimen in the metering box in order to remove
the solar heat gain and the thermal transmission that has entered the metering box.
e) The heating device and the internal side baffle with transparency may be installed in the metering
box in order to adjust the internal surface coefficient of heat transfer and environmental internal
temperature.
f) One or more internal fans may be installed in the metering box in order to stir the internal air to
obtain a uniform temperature distribution and/or to adjust the internal surface coefficient of heat
transfer.
g) All of the heat flow rates passing through the metering box are measured by the heat flow
measuring device in order to determine the net heat flow rate through the test specimen.
h) All the walls and the floor shall be covered with the coating of solar reflectance of 0,05 or lower in
order to avoid stray light.
6.2 Solar simulator
A steady-state solar simulator shall be used, which meets with the following requirements.
a) Spectral match of the irradiance: The spectral match of the irradiance on the test plane is defined
by the deviation from the global reference solar spectral irradiance for air mass 1,5 in accordance
with ISO 9845-1. For nine wavelength ranges, the percentage of total irradiance is specified in
Table 1. The spectral match to all wavelength ranges specified in Table 1 shall be measured in
accordance with IEC 60904-9 and shall be within 0,55 to 1,45. Examples of spectral match of solar
simulator are shown in Table D.1.
Table 1 — Global reference solar spectral irradiance distribution given in ISO 9845-1
Wavelength range Percentage of total irradiance in the
No.
nm wavelength range 300 nm to 2 500 nm
1 300 to 400 4,6 %
2 400 to 500 14,1 %
3 500 to 600 15,4 %
4 600 to 700 14,0 %
5 700 to 800 11,3 %
6 800 to 900 9,4 %
7 900 to 1 100 12,2 %
8 1 100 to 1 700 14,1 %
9 1 700 to 2 500 4,8 %
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ISO 19467:2017(E)
b) Non-uniformity of the irradiance: The non-uniformity of the irradiance on the test plane shall be
measured in accordance with IEC 60904-9 and shall be within 5 %. However, the designated test
area shall be divided into at least 16 points, alternatively.
c) Temporal instability of the irradiance: Temporal instability of the irradiance on the test plane shall
be measured by the procedure for long term instability (LTI) in accordance with IEC 60904-9 and
shall be within 5 %.
d) Maximum angle of irradiance: The maximum angle of irradiance to the test specimen shall be
within 10°.
e) Area of effective irradiance: The width and height of the area of effective irradiance shal
...
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