ISO 5636-5:2003

Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method

ISO 5636-5:2003 specifies the Gurley method of determining the air permeance of paper and board. It is applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 micrometres per pascal second and 100 micrometres per pascal second. It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage. This method may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.

Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la résistance à l'air (valeur moyenne) — Partie 5: Méthode Gurley

L'ISO 5636-5:2003 spécifie la méthode Gurley pour la détermination de la perméabilité à l'air des papiers et cartons. Elle est applicable aux papiers et aux cartons ayant une perméabilité à l'air comprise entre 0,1 micromètres par pascal seconde et 100 micromètres par pascal seconde. Elle ne convient pas aux matériaux à surface rugueuse, qui ne peuvent pas être convenablement fixés pour éviter les fuites. Cette méthode peut également être utilisée pour déterminer la résistance à l'air des papiers et cartons.

Papir, karton in lepenka - Določanje prepustnosti zraka (srednje območje) - 5. del: Gurleyjeva metoda

Ta del ISO 5636 opredeljuje Gurleyevo metodo določanja prepustnosti zraka papirja, kartona in lepenke. Uporablja se za papir, karton in lepenko, ki ima prepustnost zraka med 0,1 µm/(Pa⋅s) in 100 µm/(Pa⋅s). Ni primerna za materiale z grobo površino, ki jih ni mogoče trdno vpeti, da se prepreči puščanje. Ta metoda se lahko uporablja tudi za določanje zračnega upora papirja, kartona in lepenke.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 18-Jun-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 18-Jun-2003
• ICS: 85.060 - Paper and board
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2 - Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2 - Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 17-Oct-2013
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 5636-5:2011 - Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) -- Part 5: Gurley method

Relations

• Revised: ISO 5636-5:2013 - Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method
• Effective Date: 18-Dec-2008
• Revises: ISO 5636-5:1986/Cor 1:1990 - Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method — Technical Corrigendum 1
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 5636-5:1986 - Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revised: SIST ISO 5636-5:1995 - Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance (medium range) -- Part 5: Gurley method
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5636-5
Second edition
2003-06-01


Paper and board — Determination of air
permeance and air resistance (medium
range) —
Part 5:
Gurley method
Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la
résistance à l'air (valeur moyenne) —
Partie 5: Méthode Gurley




Reference number
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Contents
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials . 2
6 Sampling . 3
7 Conditioning . 3
8 Preparation of test pieces . 3
9 Procedure . 4
10 Expression of results. 4
11 Precision . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Variations in apparatus. 6
Annex B (normative) Volume calibration . 7


© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5636-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5636-5:1986), which has been technically
revised.
In this edition, the factor to be used for the calculation of air permeance (10.1) has been changed to 135,3
(from calculation factor 127 in the first edition). The new factor for calculation of air permeance will cause an
increase in the level of the result of approximately 7 %. To avoid confusion in trade due to the fact that some
laboratories are not aware of this new edition and thus will still use the factor 127, it is important to report the
calculation factor used.
ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board — Determination of air
permeance and air resistance (medium range):
 Part 1: General method
 Part 2: Schopper method
 Part 3: Bendtsen method
 Part 4: Sheffield method
 Part 5: Gurley method
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 5636 describes a method for measuring the air permeance or, if required, the air resistance of
paper and board using the measurement principle known as “Gurley”. The air pressure within the cylinder
varies slightly according to the displacement of the cylinder, but it has been shown that the variation is about
1,2 % of the mean pressure for 100 ml of displacement and about 4 % for a cylinder with a displacement of
400 ml. Because these variations are within the 5 % limit specified in ISO 5636-1, the apparatus complies with
the general requirements detailed in ISO 5636-1 and the air-permeance results may be expressed in
micrometres per pascal second [µm/(Pa ⋅ s)].

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5636-5:2003(E)

Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air
resistance (medium range) —
Part 5:
Gurley method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 5636 specifies the Gurley method of determining the air permeance of paper and board. It is
applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 µm/(Pa⋅s) and 100 µm/(Pa⋅s). It is
unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.
This method may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 385-1, Laboratory glassware — Burettes — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 5636-1, Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 1: General method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air permeance
mean flow of air through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditions
2
NOTE Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second [1 ml/(m ⋅Pa⋅s) = 1 µm/(Pa⋅s)].
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
3.2
air resistance
time required for a specific volume of air under unit pressure to pass through unit area
NOTE Air resistance is expressed in seconds per 100 millilitres [s/(100 ml)].
4 Principle
Air is compressed by the weight of a vertical cylinder floating in a liquid. A test piece is in contact with the
compressed air and the cylinder falls steadily as air passes through the test piece. The time for a given
volume of air to pass through the test piece is measured and from this the air permeance is calculated.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Air-resistance apparatus (Gurley tester), a diagrammatic sketch of which is shown in Figure 1,
consisting of an outer cylinder partly filled with sealing fluid, and an inner cylinder, having an open or closed
top, sliding freely in the outer cylinder. Air pressure, provided by the weight of the inner cylinder, is applied to
the test piece held between clamping plates in a circular orifice. The clamping plates are at the top if the inner
cylinder is open, or at the base of the apparatus if the top of the cylinder is closed. The latter arrangement is
preferred (see Annex A). An elastic gasket attached to the clamping plate on the side exposed to the air
pressure prevents leakage of air between the surface of the paper and the clamping plate.
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 clamping plates and gasket 6 clamping plate
2 knurled nuts 7 loading lever
3 inner cylinder mass 567 g 8 holes for egress of air
4 gasket 9 oil
5 test piece 10 outer cylinder
Figure 1 — Diagrammatic sketch of air-resistance (Gurley) apparatus

2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
The gasket consists of a thin, elastic, oil-resistant, non-oxidizing material, having a smooth surface, a
thickness of 0,7 mm to 1,0 mm and a hardness of 50 IRHD to 60 IRHD (International Rubber Hardness
Degrees) in accordance with ISO 48. The inside diameter of the gasket is about 28,6 mm and the outside
diameter is about 34,9 mm. The aperture of the gasket is concentrically aligned with the aperture in the
clamping plates. To align and protect the gasket in use, it is cemented to a groove machined in the inner
clamping plate. The groove is concentric with the aperture in the opposing plate. Its internal diameter is
28,50 mm ± 0,15 mm and its depth 0,45 mm ± 0,05 mm. Its outside diameter is 35,2 mm ± 0,1 mm for
convenience in inserting and attaching the gasket. The gasket when mounted inside the concentric groove
2
defines the measurement area and shall have an inside diameter of 28,6 mm ± 0,1 mm (6,42 cm area). The
gasket should be changed at regular intervals.
The outer cylinder has a height of 254 mm and an internal diameter of 82,6 mm. The inner surface has three
or four bars, not less than 190 mm and not greater than 245,5 mm in length, and 2,4 mm square or 2,4 mm
diameter, spaced equidistantly to serve as guides fo
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
01-maj-2011
3DSLUNDUWRQLQOHSHQND'RORþDQMHSUHSXVWQRVWL]UDNDVUHGQMHREPRþMHGHO
*XUOH\MHYDPHWRGD
Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) --
Part 5: Gurley method
Papier et carton -- Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la résistance à l'air
(valeur moyenne) -- Partie 5: Méthode Gurley
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 5636-5:2003
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST ISO 5636-5:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5636-5
Second edition
2003-06-01


Paper and board — Determination of air
permeance and air resistance (medium
range) —
Part 5:
Gurley method
Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la
résistance à l'air (valeur moyenne) —
Partie 5: Méthode Gurley




Reference number
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Contents
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials . 2
6 Sampling . 3
7 Conditioning . 3
8 Preparation of test pieces . 3
9 Procedure . 4
10 Expression of results. 4
11 Precision . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Variations in apparatus. 6
Annex B (normative) Volume calibration . 7


© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5636-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5636-5:1986), which has been technically
revised.
In this edition, the factor to be used for the calculation of air permeance (10.1) has been changed to 135,3
(from calculation factor 127 in the first edition). The new factor for calculation of air permeance will cause an
increase in the level of the result of approximately 7 %. To avoid confusion in trade due to the fact that some
laboratories are not aware of this new edition and thus will still use the factor 127, it is important to report the
calculation factor used.
ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board — Determination of air
permeance and air resistance (medium range):
 Part 1: General method
 Part 2: Schopper method
 Part 3: Bendtsen method
 Part 4: Sheffield method
 Part 5: Gurley method
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 5636 describes a method for measuring the air permeance or, if required, the air resistance of
paper and board using the measurement principle known as “Gurley”. The air pressure within the cylinder
varies slightly according to the displacement of the cylinder, but it has been shown that the variation is about
1,2 % of the mean pressure for 100 ml of displacement and about 4 % for a cylinder with a displacement of
400 ml. Because these variations are within the 5 % limit specified in ISO 5636-1, the apparatus complies with
the general requirements detailed in ISO 5636-1 and the air-permeance results may be expressed in
micrometres per pascal second [µm/(Pa ⋅ s)].

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5636-5:2003(E)

Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air
resistance (medium range) —
Part 5:
Gurley method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 5636 specifies the Gurley method of determining the air permeance of paper and board. It is
applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 µm/(Pa⋅s) and 100 µm/(Pa⋅s). It is
unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.
This method may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 385-1, Laboratory glassware — Burettes — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 5636-1, Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 1: General method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air permeance
mean flow of air through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditions
2
NOTE Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second [1 ml/(m ⋅Pa⋅s) = 1 µm/(Pa⋅s)].
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
3.2
air resistance
time required for a specific volume of air under unit pressure to pass through unit area
NOTE Air resistance is expressed in seconds per 100 millilitres [s/(100 ml)].
4 Principle
Air is compressed by the weight of a vertical cylinder floating in a liquid. A test piece is in contact with the
compressed air and the cylinder falls steadily as air passes through the test piece. The time for a given
volume of air to pass through the test piece is measured and from this the air permeance is calculated.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Air-resistance apparatus (Gurley tester), a diagrammatic sketch of which is shown in Figure 1,
consisting of an outer cylinder partly filled with sealing fluid, and an inner cylinder, having an open or closed
top, sliding freely in the outer cylinder. Air pressure, provided by the weight of the inner cylinder, is applied to
the test piece held between clamping plates in a circular orifice. The clamping plates are at the top if the inner
cylinder is open, or at the base of the apparatus if the top of the cylinder is closed. The latter arrangement is
preferred (see Annex A). An elastic gasket attached to the clamping plate on the side exposed to the air
pressure prevents leakage of air between the surface of the paper and the clamping plate.
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 clamping plates and gasket 6 clamping plate
2 knurled nuts 7 loading lever
3 inner cylinder mass 567 g 8 holes for egress of air
4 gasket 9 oil
5 test piece 10 outer cylinder
Figure 1 — Diagrammatic sketch of air-resistance (Gurley) apparatus

2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5636-5:2011
ISO 5636-5:2003(E)
The gasket consists of a thin, elastic, oil-resistant, non-oxidizing material, having a smooth surface, a
thickness of 0,7 mm to 1,0 mm and a hardness of 50 IRHD to 60 IRHD (International Rubber Hardness
Degrees) in accordance with ISO 48. The inside diameter of the gasket is about 28,6 mm and the outside
diameter is about 34,9 mm. The aperture of the gasket is concentrically aligned with the aperture in the
clamping plates. To align and protect the gasket in use, it is cemented to a groove machined in the inner
clamping plate. The groove is concentric with the aperture in the opposing plate. Its internal diameter is
28,50 mm ± 0,15 mm and its depth 0,45 mm ± 0,05 mm. Its outside diameter is 35,2 m
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Papier et carton -- Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la résistance à l'air (valeur moyenne) -- Partie 5: Méthode GurleyPaper and board -- Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) -- Part 5: Gurley method85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and boardICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 5636-5:2003oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011en01-marec-2011oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



Reference numberISO 5636-5:2003(E)© ISO 2003
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5636-5Second edition2003-06-01Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de la résistance à l'air (valeur moyenne) —
Partie 5: Méthode Gurley
oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
©
ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
[e-mail] Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii Contents Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.2 5 Apparatus and materials.2 6 Sampling.3 7 Conditioning.3 8 Preparation of test pieces.3 9 Procedure.4 10 Expression of results.4 11 Precision.5 12 Test report.5 Annex A (informative)
Variations in apparatus.6 Annex B (normative)
Volume calibration.7
oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5636-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5636-5:1986), which has been technically revised. In this edition, the factor to be used for the calculation of air permeance (10.1) has been changed to 135,3 (from calculation factor 127 in the first edition). The new factor for calculation of air permeance will cause an increase in the level of the result of approximately 7 %. To avoid confusion in trade due to the fact that some laboratories are not aware of this new edition and thus will still use the factor 127, it is important to report the calculation factor used. ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range): =Part 1: General method =Part 2: Schopper method =Part 3: Bendtsen method =Part 4: Sheffield method =Part 5: Gurley method oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 5636 describes a method for measuring the air permeance or, if required, the air resistance of paper and board using the measurement principle known as “Gurley”. The air pressure within the cylinder varies slightly according to the displacement of the cylinder, but it has been shown that the variation is about 1,2 % of the mean pressure for 100 ml of displacement and about 4 % for a cylinder with a displacement of 400 ml. Because these variations are within the 5 % limit specified in ISO 5636-1, the apparatus complies with the general requirements detailed in ISO 5636-1 and the air-permeance results may be expressed in micrometres per pascal second [µm/(Pa ⋅ s)].
oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5636-5:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1 Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) — Part 5: Gurley method 1 Scope This part of ISO 5636 specifies the Gurley method of determining the air permeance of paper and board. It is applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 µm/(Pa⋅s) and 100 µm/(Pa⋅s). It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage. This method may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 385-1, Laboratory glassware — Burettes — Part 1: General requirements ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity ISO 5636-1, Paper and board — Determination of air permeance (medium range) — Part 1: General method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air permeance mean flow of air through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditions NOTE Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second [1 ml/(m2⋅Pa⋅s) = 1 µm/(Pa⋅s)]. oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) 2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 3.2 air resistance time required for a specific volume of air under unit pressure to pass through unit area NOTE Air resistance is expressed in seconds per 100 millilitres [s/(100 ml)]. 4 Principle Air is compressed by the weight of a vertical cylinder floating in a liquid. A test piece is in contact with the compressed air and the cylinder falls steadily as air passes through the test piece. The time for a given volume of air to pass through the test piece is measured and from this the air permeance is calculated. 5 Apparatus and materials 5.1 Air-resistance apparatus (Gurley tester), a diagrammatic sketch of which is shown in Figure 1, consisting of an outer cylinder partly filled with sealing fluid, and an inner cylinder, having an open or closed top, sliding freely in the outer cylinder. Air pressure, provided by the weight of the inner cylinder, is applied to the test piece held between clamping plates in a circular orifice. The clamping plates are at the top if the inner cylinder is open, or at the base of the apparatus if the top of the cylinder is closed. The latter arrangement is preferred (see Annex A). An elastic gasket attached to the clamping plate on the side exposed to the air pressure prevents leakage of air between the surface of the paper and the clamping plate. Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1
clamping plates and gasket 2
knurled nuts 3
inner cylinder mass 567 g 4
gasket 5
test piece 6
clamping plate 7
loading lever 8 holes for egress of air 9
oil 10 outer cylinder Figure 1 — Diagrammatic sketch of air-resistance (Gurley) apparatus
oSIST ISO 5636-5:2011



ISO 5636-5:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 3 The gasket consists of a thin, elastic, oil-resistant, non-oxidizing material, having a smooth surface, a thickness of 0,7 mm to 1,0 mm and a hardness of 50 IRHD to 60 IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degrees) in accordance with ISO 48. The inside diameter of the gasket is about 28,6 mm and the outside diameter is about 34,9 mm. The aperture of the gasket is concentrically aligned with the aperture in the clamping plates. To align and protect the gasket in use, it is cemented to a groove machined in the inner clamping plate. The groove is concentric with the aperture in the opposing plate. Its internal diameter is 28,50 mm ± 0,15 mm and its depth 0,45 mm ± 0,05 mm. Its outside diameter is 35,2 mm ± 0,1 mm for convenience in inserting and attaching the gasket. The gasket when mounted inside the concentric groove defines the measurement area and shall have a
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 5636-5
Deuxième édition
2003-06-01


Papier et carton — Détermination de la
perméabilité à l'air et de la résistance à
l’air (valeur moyenne) —
Partie 5:
Méthode Gurley
Paper and board — Determination of air permeance and air resistance
(medium range) —
Part 5: Gurley method




Numéro de référence
ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
©
ISO 2003

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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
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ii © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés

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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Références normatives. 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe . 2
5 Appareillage et matériaux . 2
6 Échantillonnage . 3
7 Conditionnement. 3
8 Préparation des éprouvettes. 3
9 Mode opératoire . 4
10 Expression des résultats. 5
11 Fidélité. 5
12 Rapport d’essai . 5
Annexe A (informative) Types d'appareils . 7
Annexe B (normative) Étalonnage du volume. 8

© ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés iii

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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 5636-5 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pâtes, sous-comité SC 2,
Méthodes d'essais et spécifications de qualité des papiers et cartons.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 5636-5:1986), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Dans cette édition, la constante à utiliser dans le calcul de la perméabilité à l’air (10.1) a été modifiée en 135,3
(elle était de 127 dans la première édition). Cette nouvelle valeur va, dans le calcul de la perméabilité à l’air,
accroître le résultat d’environ 7 %. Afin d’éviter des confusions commerciales, dues au fait que certains
laboratoires ignorent l’existence de cette nouvelle édition, et continueront donc à utiliser la constante de 127, il
est important de consigner la valeur de la constante utilisée.
L'ISO 5636 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Papier et carton — Détermination
de la perméabilité à l'air (valeur moyenne):
 Partie 1: Méthode générale
 Partie 2: Méthode Schopper
 Partie 3: Méthode Bendtsen
 Partie 4: Méthode Sheffield
 Partie 5: Méthode Gurley
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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
Introduction
La présente partie de l’ISO 5636 décrit une méthode permettant de mesurer la perméabilité à l’air, ou si
nécessaire la résistance à l’air, des papiers et des cartons à l’aide du principe de mesure connu sous le nom
de «Gurley». La pression de l’air dans le cylindre varie légèrement en fonction du déplacement du cylindre,
mais il a été démontré que la variation est d’environ 1,2 % de la pression moyenne pour un déplacement de
100 ml, et d’environ 4 % pour un déplacement de 400 ml. Comme ces variations sont dans la limite de 5 %
spécifiée dans l’ISO 5636-1, l’appareil répond aux exigences générales passées en revue dans l’ISO 5636-1
et les résultats de perméabilité à l’air peuvent être exprimés en micromètres par pascal seconde [µm/(Pa◊s)].
© ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés v

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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 5636-5:2003(F)

Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air et de
la résistance à l’air (valeur moyenne) —
Partie 5:
Méthode Gurley
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l’ISO 5636 spécifie la méthode Gurley pour la détermination de la perméabilité à l’air
des papiers et cartons. Elle est applicable aux papiers et aux cartons ayant une perméabilité à l’air comprise
entre 0,1 µm/(Pa⋅s) et 100 µm/(Pa⋅s). Elle ne convient pas aux matériaux à surface rugueuse, qui ne peuvent
pas être convenablement fixés pour éviter les fuites.
Cette méthode peut également être utilisée pour déterminer la résistance à l’air des papiers et cartons.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 48, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Détermination de la dureté (dureté comprise entre
10 DIDC et 100 DIDC)
ISO 186, Papier et carton — Échantillonnage pour déterminer la qualité moyenne
ISO 187, Papier, carton et pâtes — Atmosphère normale de conditionnement et d'essai et méthode de
surveillance de l'atmosphère et de conditionnement des échantillons
ISO 385-1, Verrerie de laboratoire — Burettes — Partie 1: Spécifications générales
ISO 3104, Produits pétroliers — Liquides opaques et transparents — Détermination de la viscosité
cinématique et calcul de la viscosité dynamique
ISO 5636-1, Papier et carton — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air (valeur moyenne) — Partie 1:
Méthode générale
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
perméabilité à l’air
débit d’air moyen qui traverse une unité de surface sous une unité de différence de pression en une unité de
temps, dans des conditions spécifiées
2
NOTE La perméabilité à l’air est exprimée en micromètres par pascal seconde [1 ml/(m◊Pa⋅s) = 1 µm/(Pa⋅s)].
© ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés 1

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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
3.2
résistance à l’air
temps nécessaire à un volume d’air spécifique sous une unité de pression pour traverser une unité de surface
NOTE La résistance de l’air est exprimée en secondes par 100 millilitres [s/(100 ml)].
4 Principe
De l’air est comprimé par la masse d’un cylindre vertical flottant sur un liquide. Une éprouvette est en contact
avec l’air ainsi comprimé et le cylindre descend régulièrement à mesure que l’air traverse l’éprouvette. Le
temps pour qu’un volume donné d’air traverse l’éprouvette est mesuré et la perméabilité à l’air est calculée.
5 Appareillage et matériaux
5.1 Appareil de résistance à l’air (appareil de Gurley), dont une vue schématique est donnée à la
Figure 1, comprenant un cylindre extérieur, rempli en partie d’un fluide assurant l’étanchéité, et un cylindre
intérieur, dont le haut est ouvert ou fermé et qui coulisse librement dans le cylindre extérieur. La pression de
l’air produite par la masse du cylindre intérieur est appliquée contre l’éprouvette, maintenue entre deux
plaques de serrage dans un orifice circulaire. Les plaques de serrage sont en dessus si le cylindre intérieur
est ouvert, ou en dessous s’il est fermé. C’est ce dernier type de montage qui est recommandé (voir
Annexe A). Un joint élastique est fixé sur la plaque de serrage, du côté soumis à la pression de l’air, pour
empêcher les fuites entre la surface de l’éprouvette et la plaque de serrage.
Dimensions en millimètres

Légende
1 plaques de serrage et joint 6 plaque de serrage
2 écrous moletés 7 levier
3 cylindre intérieur, de masse de 567 g 8 trous pour l’échappement de l’air
4 joint 9 huile
5 éprouvette 10 cylindre extérieur
Figure 1 — Vue schématique de l’appareil de résistance à l’air (appareil de Gurley)
2 © ISO 2003 — Tous droits réservés

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ISO 5636-5:2003(F)
Le joint est réalisé en un matériau inoxydable, mince, élastique, résistant à l’huile, à surface lisse, d’épaisseur
comprise entre 0,7 mm et 1,0 mm et de dureté comprise entre 50 DIDC et 60 DIDC (degré international de
dureté du caoutchouc) conformément à l’ISO 48. Le diamètre intérieur du joint est de 28,6 mm environ, son
diamètre extérieur de 34,9 mm environ. L’ouverture du joint est centrée avec précision sur l’ouverture des
plaques de serrage. Afin d’assurer l’alignement et la protection du joint en utilisation, il est scellé dans un
logement usiné à la surface de la plaque de serrage. Ce logement et l’ouverture de la plaque opposée sont
concentriques. Le diamètre intérieur du joint est de 28,50 mm ± 0,15 mm, et sa profondeur de
0,45 mm ± 0,05 mm. Son diamètre extérieur est de 35,2 mm ± 0,1 mm afin de pouvoir l’insérer et le fixer. Le
joint, lorsqu’il est fixé à l’intérieur du logement concentrique, délimite la surface de mesure et son diamètre
2
intérieur doit être de 28,6 mm ± 0,1 mm (6,42 cm de superficie). Il convient de changer le joint régulièrement.
Le cylindre extérieur a une hauteur de 254 mm et un diamètre intérieur de 82,6 mm. La surface intérieure
présente trois ou quatre rainures, de longueur comprise entre 190 mm et 245,5 mm, de section carrée de
2,4 mm d’arête ou cylindrique de 2,4 mm de diamètre, les rainures étant également réparties pour servir de
guides au cylindre intérieur.
Le cylindre intérieur est en alliage d’aluminium, gradué de 50 ml en 50 ml, et il comporte une lecture à pleine
échelle jusqu’à au moins 300 ml. Certains cylindres peuvent être gradués de 25 ml en 25 ml entre les repères
de 0 ml à 100
...