ISO 5269-1:2005
(Main)Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing — Part 1: Conventional sheet-former method
Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing — Part 1: Conventional sheet-former method
ISO 5269-1:2005 specifies a method, using a conventional sheet former, for the preparation of laboratory sheets of pulp for the purpose of carrying out subsequent physical tests on these sheets in order to assess the relevant properties of the pulp itself. ISO 5269-1:2005 is applicable to most kinds of pulp. It is not suitable for some pulps with very long fibres, such as those made from unshortened cotton, flax and similar materials. This method is not suitable for the preparation of laboratory sheets for the determination of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) in accordance with ISO 3688
Pâtes — Préparation des feuilles de laboratoire pour essais physiques — Partie 1: Méthode de la formette conventionnelle
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5269-1
Third edition
2005-02-01
Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets
for physical testing —
Part 1:
Conventional sheet-former method
Pâtes — Préparation des feuilles de laboratoire pour essais
physiques —
Partie 1: Méthode de la formette conventionnelle
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Principle. 2
4 Equipment. 2
5 Preparation of sample . 3
6 Procedure. 4
6.1 Sheet forming. 4
6.2 Transfer of the sheet. 4
6.3 Pressing. 5
6.4 Drying and conditioning. 5
7 Test report. 6
Bibliography . 7
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5269-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 5,
Test methods and quality specifications for pulps.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5269-1:1998), of which the Introduction,
Clauses 1, 2, 5 and 7 and the Bibliography have been revised.
ISO 5269 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for
physical testing:
Part 1: Conventional sheet-former method
Part 2: Rapid-Köthen method
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Introduction
It has been agreed that the ultimate aim of standardization of the preparation of laboratory sheets should be to
develop one method which is internationally acceptable and which, if possible, permits the use of different
types of sheet-making apparatus.
For practical reasons, it has not proved possible to achieve this at present. Therefore, as an interim measure,
in view of the widespread use of equipment described in this part of ISO 5269, it has been decided to provide
agreed guidance on the use of different types of equipment in order to achieve consistency of results with
each method.
To avoid creating too many levels of results, the method specified in this part of ISO 5269 should preferably
be used with the Valley beater or PFI mill methods of laboratory beating according to ISO 5264-1 and
[2]
ISO 5264-2, respectively. The method specified in ISO 5269-2 (Rapid-Köthen method) should preferably be
used with the PFI mill method of laboratory beating according to ISO 5264-2.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5269-1:2005(E)
Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing —
Part 1:
Conventional sheet-former method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 5269 specifies a method, using a conventional sheet former, for the preparation of laboratory
sheets of pulp for the purpose of carrying out subsequent physical tests on these sheets in order to assess the
relevant properties of the pulp itself.
This part of ISO 5269 is applicable to most kinds of pulp. It is not suitable for some pulps with very long fibres,
such as those made from unshortened cotton, flax and similar materials.
This method is not suitable for the preparation of laboratory sheets for the determination of diffuse blue
[1]
reflectance factor (ISO brightness) in accordance with ISO 3688 .
WARNING — When long-fibred pulp is used in the unshortened form, the sheet formation may not
always be satisfactory.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 5263-1, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 1: Disintegration of chemical pulps
ISO 5263-2, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 2: Disintegration of mechanical pulps at 20 °C
o
ISO 5263-3, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 3: Disintegration of mechanical pulps at W 85 C
ISO 5264-1, Pulps — Laboratory beating — Part 1: Valley beater method
ISO 5264-2, Pulps — Laboratory beating — Part 2: PFI mill method
ISO 5635, Paper — Measurement of dimensional change after immersion in water
ISO 8787, Paper and board — Determination of capillary rise — Klemm method
3 Principle
A circular, square or rectangular sheet is formed from a pulp suspension on a wire screen under suction. The
sheet is subjected twice to a pressure of 410 kPa. The sheet is dried in conditioned air and in contact with a
drying plate, to which it adheres so that it does not shrink.
4 Equipment
4.1 Sheet former, consisting of three main parts.
4.1.1 Upper section, comprising a stock container, with a mark located 350 mm ± 1 mm above a wire
screen (see 4.1.3). It is furnished with a rubber gasket to prevent leakage. The cross-section of the container
shall be circular, square or rectangular, and constant throughout the height. If the container is rectangular, the
shorter side shall be not less than 120 mm and the ratio of the longer to the shorter side shall not exceed 2,5.
If the container is circular, it shall be not less than 158 mm in diameter. It shall be of such height that water will
not splash over the edge when the stirrer (4.2) is operating.
4.1.2 Lower section, comprising a drainage vessel, consisting of an upper and a lower part. The upper part
shall have the same cross-section as the stock container (see 4.1.1), and its shape shall be such that the flow
of liquid through the wire screen is uniform over the whole area. The lower part may be of smaller cross-
section but shall be positioned symmetrically in relation to the upper part. The lower part shall be fitted with a
valve, which is connected to a draining pipe with a water seal at its lower end. The vertical distance from the
top of the wire screen to the overflow of the water seal shall be 800 mm ± 5 mm. The lower part and the
drainage valve shall be large enough to permit water in the stock container between the level mark and the
wire screen to empty within 4,0 s ± 0,2 s. The lower part of the drainage container shall be provided with a
water inlet tube. The design shall incorporate a means of releasing vacuum after the sheet has been formed.
4.1.3 Frame, with a perfectly flat, plain-woven metallic wire screen, to be placed horizontally between the
upper section (4.1.1) and the lower section (4.1.2). The screen shall be clean, undamaged and fitted without
wrinkles and corrugations. It shall have a nominal size of aperture of 125 µm, according to ISO 3310-1. The
preferred diameter of the wire shall be 90 µm with a permissible range between 77 µm and 104 µm. The wire
screen is backed by a coarser wire screen, which, in turn, may be backed by a rigid framework.
4.2 Stirrer, made of any non-corroding, rigid material, consisting of a perforated plate and furnished with
vanes to keep the plate parallel to the wire screen (see 4.1.3) and to minimize swirling during stirring. The total
area of the holes (diameter 10 mm to 20 mm) shall be about 30 % of the area of the plate; the holes shall be
evenly spaced. The dimensions of the plate shall be such that there is a clearance of 2 mm to 3 mm between
the plate and the stock container (see 4.1.1). All edges shall be rounded and smoothed to avoid the
accumulation of fibres. The stirrer shall also have a stop that maintains a distance of about 20 mm between
the wire screen and the plate in its lowest position.
An air agitation system may be used, provided that it produces bubbles of sufficient size and that they do not
cling to the fibres or cause pin-holes in the sheet.
NOTE The following is an example of an agitation system. It uses compressed air and has at least eight inlet holes,
each with a diameter of 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm and equally spaced (max. 70 mm) in the upper section (4.1.1). The distance
between the inlet holes and the wire screen is 10 mm ± 2 mm when the sheet former is operating. The inlet holes are
connected to each other by air channels, 8 mm in diameter, located parallel to the sides of the sheet former so that the
depth of the inlet holes (wall thickness) is 5 mm ± 2 mm. The air pressure is regulated to 100 kPa above atmospheric
pressure. The agitation time is 5,0 s ± 0,5 s.
4.3 Couching equipment, comprising either
a) a couch weight having a plane bottom of the same area as the wire screen (see 4.1.3) and having a
mass corresponding to a pressure of between 1 kPa and 5 kPa on the surface of the laboratory sheet; or
b) an automatic couching system, comprising a diaphragm to which air pressure is applied; or
c) a couch roll (mass 13,0 kg, length 178 mm, diameter 102 mm) and a couch plate to protect the sheets.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Unless an automatic couching system is used, a couch plate shall be used to protect the sheet from distortion
when the couch weight is placed on it. The total mass of the couch plate and couch weight shall be within the
limits given above.
4.4 Blotters, made of fully bleached chemical pulp or rag pulp, having neutral pH, and free from sizing
agents, chemical additives, visible contraries and fluorescent contaminant (see Note 1). The blotters shall
have the same dimensions as the laboratory sheets or, if the laboratory sheets are circular, neither the length
nor width of the blotters shall be less than the sheet diameter nor shall the area of the blotters exceed that of
the sheet by more than 35 %. If the sheets are square or rectangular, no blotter dimension in the plane of the
blotter shall be less than the corresponding sheet dimension nor shall the area of the blotters exceed that of
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