ISO 17253:2014
(Main)Earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks — Design requirements for machines intended to be driven on road
Earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks — Design requirements for machines intended to be driven on road
ISO 17253:2014 specifies the requirements for seated-operator, ride-on, earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, as defined in ISO 10896‑1, intended to be driven on public roads. It specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events when these machines are driven on-road. It is not applicable to machines on legs, e.g. walking excavators, to hazards related to standing-operator (ride-on or non-riding) or remote-control earth-moving machines/rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, to user requirements including training, operator licensing and machine taxation, to local use restrictions such as road/bridge capacities, or to environmental requirements such as engine emissions, noise, refrigerants or recyclability.
Engins de terrassement et chariots élévateurs tout terrain à portée variable — Exigences de conception pour engins prévus pour circuler sur route
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17253
First edition
2014-09-15
Earth-moving machinery and rough-
terrain variable-reach trucks —
Design requirements for machines
intended to be driven on road
Engins de terrassement et chariots élévateurs tout terrain à portée
variable — Exigences de conception pour engins prévus pour circuler
sur route
Reference number
ISO 17253:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 3
4.1 General safety . 3
4.2 Dimensions and masses . 3
4.3 Speed . 6
4.4 Road preservation . 6
4.5 Dynamic stability . 7
4.6 Steering system . 7
4.7 Brake systems . 7
4.8 Trailer connections . 8
4.9 Operator’s station . 8
4.10 Operator’s station with enclosed cab . 9
4.11 Operator’s controls and indicators . 9
4.12 Lighting, signalling devices, and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices .11
4.13 Plates and inscriptions .11
4.14 Warning devices .12
4.15 Protection for projections .12
4.16 Tools and equipment .12
4.17 Uncontrolled motion .12
4.18 Fenders .13
4.19 Fuel tanks . .13
4.20 Retrieval and recovery .13
5 Verification of requirements .13
6 Operating instructions .13
Annex A (normative) Ground contact pressure calculation for track-laying machines .15
Bibliography .17
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee
SC 1, Test methods relating to safety and machine performance.
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this International Standard.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which that are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other International Standard standards for machines that have been designed and built according to
the requirements of this type-C standard.
Earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain variable reach trucks are occasionally driven on the road
to and from, and around the confines of marked jobsites and share the road with other road vehicle
users. Design and verification for safety on the jobsite are subject to ISO 20474 and ISO 10896-1, but
requirements for use on the road are undefined or covered in regional and local legislation, rules, or
codes of practice. Such a situation presents lacking and differing requirements, despite a common
objective: the safety of the machine when used on the road.
The purpose of this International Standard is to provide design and verification requirements to ensure
a consistent level of safety when earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks are
used on the road.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17253:2014(E)
Earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain variable-reach
trucks — Design requirements for machines intended to
be driven on road
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for seated-operator, ride-on, earth-moving
machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, as defined in ISO 10896-1,
intended to be driven on public roads.
It specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant
hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events when these machines are driven on road.
It is not applicable to the following:
— machines on legs, e.g. walking excavators;
— hazards related to standing-operator (ride-on or non-riding) or remote-control earth-moving
machines/rough-terrain variable-reach trucks;
— user requirements, including training, operator licensing, and machine taxation;
— local use restrictions, such as road/bridge capacities;
— environmental requirements, such as engine emissions, noise, refrigerants, or recyclability.
NOTE National or other regulations, which could be more stringent, can apply.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines — Performance
requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 3287, Powered industrial trucks — Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements
ISO 5006, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s field of view — Test method and performance criteria
ISO 5010, Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering requirements
ISO 5676:1983, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Hydraulic coupling — Braking circuit
ISO 6011, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
ISO 6405-1, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common
symbols
ISO 6405-2, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Specific
symbols for machines, equipment and accessories
ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements
and tests
ISO 6746-1, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 1: Base machine
ISO 6746-2, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 2: Equipment and
attachments
ISO 6750, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s manual — Content and format
ISO 9533, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns — Test
methods and performance criteria
ISO 10261:2002, Earth-moving machinery — Product identification numbering system
ISO 10263-5, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 5: Windscreen defrosting
system test method
ISO 10265, Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and test procedures
for braking systems
ISO 10532, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted retrieval device — Performance requirements
ISO 10896-1:2012, Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Variable-reach
trucks
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 12509, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices
ISO 14401-1, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 1: Test
methods
ISO 14401-2, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 2:
Performance criteria
ISO 20474 (all parts), Earth-moving machinery — Safety
ISO 21507, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6165, ISO 10896-1 and
ISO 12100, and the following apply.
3.1
intended operation
operation intended by the manufacturer as described in the operating manual and with respect to
any attachments on the machine (e.g. excavation, loading, materials handling, transportation, drilling,
spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock, or other materials)
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
3.2
road
public traffic area for use by automotive vehicles for travel or transportation
Note 1 to entry: Public traffic area does not include the sites of temporary road works (e.g. for repairs, maintenance,
alterations, improvements, installations, or any other works to, above or under a road, including works to road
equipment lighting, barriers, walls, etc.) or roads not open to the public (e.g. on new housing and industrial
developments), or on which public traffic is not permitted.
3.3
driving on the road
use of machines on the road (e.g. driving between work sites, to and from the site of normal storage, or
driving for refuelling of the machine) for purposes other than intended operation
3.4
tracklaying machine
tracked/crawler machine
machine with endless track drive system
3.5
maximum speed
maximum machine speed in kilometres per hour, either in the forward or reverse direction, whichever
is the greater
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 General safety
Machines intended to be driven on the road shall comply with the requirements and protective measures
of this International Standard.
General safety requirements in ISO 20474 or ISO 10896-1 (as appropriate) should be followed, in so far
as these are not modified by requirements of this International Standard.
4.2 Dimensions and masses
4.2.1 General
It is recommended that machines be designed in accordance with 4.2.2 to 4.2.6, and equipped so that
their dimensions and masses are acceptable for driving on roads.
NOTE 1 The dimensions and masses have been selected as being broadly acceptable but there could be
occasions where national and possibly local restrictions are more severe.
NOTE 2 Machines with dimensions and masses exceeding those specified in 4.2.2. to 4.2.6 could be considered
as abnormal transport and subject to special permits for their use which are not dealt with in this International
Standard.
Test methods for masses are specified in ISO 6016. Unless specifically designed for the purpose of
carrying loads on the road (e.g. dumpers), the mass of machines does not include any load other than
the attachment(s), tools, and equipment necessary for the intended operation and which the machine is
designed to carry while driving on the road.
Dimensional measurements of machinery shall be in accordance with ISO 6746-1 and ISO 6746-2.
Dimensions and masses of machines shall be assessed with equipment and attachments in the transport
configuration as specified by the manufacturer.
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
4.2.2 Maximum mass
It is recommended that the maximum mass of machines designed to be driven on the road not exceed
the limits defined in Table 1.
Table 1 — Maximum mass
a
Machine configuration Maximum mass
kg
Two-axle machines 19 000
Three-axle machines 26 000
Four-axle machines 32 000
Tracklaying machines 24 000
a
There can be multiple tyres on a single axle. Independent axles on a common lateral plane are considered as one axle
(e.g. for multiple wheel rollers).
Subject to local conditions (e.g. bridge and road capacities), the maximum mass, m, expressed in
kilograms, of machines on certain roads, can be increased according to Formula (1):
mA≤×12000 (1)
where
A is the number of axles.
NOTE Load restrictions on roads vary according to seasonal changes (e.g. in very low or very high temperature
conditions).
4.2.3 Maximum axle load or track load
It is recommended that the maximum axle loads of machines designed to be driven on the road not
exceed the limits defined in Table 2.
Table 2 — Maximum axle or track load
Machine configuration Maximum axle or track load
Driven and non-driven axles 13 000 kg
Tracklaying machines 9 000 kg/m between first and last track roller (see also 4.4.2)
4.2.4 Maximum length
It is recommended that the maximum length of machines designed to be driven on the road not exceed
the limits specified in Table 3. The maximum length includes any mounted equipment or attachments
located in the road travel position specified by the manufacturer.
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Table 3 — Maximum length
Machine configuration Maximum length
mm
Rigid machines 12 000
Articulated machines The length of the machine shall be such that the
machine is able to manoeuvre in left and right direc-
tions for a complete circular trajectory (360°) inside
an area defined by two concentric circles, the outer
circle having a radius of 12 500 mm and the inner
circle having a radius of 5 300 mm, without any of the
machine’s outermost points (excluding mirrors, indica-
tors, tyre bulge, folding components, such as lift-up
steps and flexible mud-flaps) projecting outside the
circumferences of the circles (see Figure 1).
r
R
R = 12,5 m
r = 5,3 m
Figure 1 — Length requirements for articulated machines
4.2.5 Maximum width
It is recommended that the maximum width of machines designed to be driven on the road not exceed
2 550 mm.
The maximum width includes any mounted equipment or attachments located in the road travel position
as specified by the manufacturer but shall exclude mirrors and tyre bulge.
Machines shall be assessed with any functional components, such as lift-up steps, stabilizers, etc. in
their transport position.
4.2.6 Maximum height
It is recommended that the maximum height of machines designed to be driven on the road not exceed
4 000 mm with maximum size (rolling radius) tyres, excluding a flexible antennae. The maximum height
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
includes any mounted equipment, attachments, or combination of equipment and attachment(s) located
in the road travel position as specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE See also 4.11.4.
4.3 Speed
The maximum speed shall be verified in accordance with ISO 6014. A tolerance on the speed of +10 % or
+3 km/h, whichever is the lesser, is permitted. The test shall be conducted with maximum size (rolling
radius) tyres at the recommended cold inflation pressure as specified by the manufacturer and with the
machine in the lightest operational condition.
The maximum design speed of machines equipped with one or more smooth steel wheels (rollers)
should be limited to 16 km/h. If the intended operation provides for use at a higher speed, means shall
be provided to avoid exceeding 16 km/h when the machine is being driven on the road (e.g. a specific
road travel mode setting).
NOTE The speed of machines with smooth steel wheels can be subject to local use restrictions which are not
dealt with in this International Standard.
4.3.1 Speed marking
Machines shall have a provision (e.g. an attachment point) for the installation of a speed marking sign,
slow-moving vehicle plate, or marks communicating speed or use as required by national regulations.
It is recommended that the space made available have a width of 365 mm and a height of 350 mm (the
dimensions of the SMV plate). See ISO 12509 for installation conditions.
NOTE It is possible that more than one marking is required (e.g. a speed marking sign and SMV plate).
4.3.2 Speedometer
Machines with a maximum speed >30 km/h shall be equipped with means for the operator to easily
determine the speed at which the machine is being driven. Machines with a maximum speed ≥40 km/h
shall be fitted with a speedometer.
NOTE The speedometer need not function in the reverse direction.
The speedometer shall comply with 4.11.3 and be located so that it is readily visible to the operator in
the driving position.
4.4 Road preservation
Machines shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 to minimize the risk of road damage.
4.4.1 Tyres and rims
Tyres should be compatible with the axle loading and design speed of the machine and shall be marked
with the (tyre) manufacturer’s name, the load index, and the speed rating.
Tyres can be pneumatic or solid. Pneumatic tyres can be foam filled (to protect against loss of stability
in case of puncture or rupture) or have a liquid ballast.
In circumstances where it is necessary to install tyres which have a speed rating which is not compatible
with the maximum speed of the machine (e.g. a low speed high capacity tyre for the intended operation,
or in cases where the use of foam fill or liquid ballast is permitted by the manufacturer), instructions
can be provided to the operator to show the maximum allowable speed for the installed tyres.
[2][3][4]
NOTE Load index and speed rating data can be determined using ISO 4250, the European Tyre and
Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO) or Tire and Rim Association (TRA) standards manuals.
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Steel wheels or steel tyres (e.g. rollers) are permissible for driving on the road provided they do not have
any tread pattern.
4.4.2 Tracks
Tracklaying machines shall have a tread lug pattern such that their static ground contact pressure
is ≤0,8 MPa, measured in accordance with Annex A.
Steel-tracked machines shall have a resilient material (e.g. rubber pads temporarily affixed to the track)
interposed between ground and the track, and be so arranged that the steel parts of the track do not
come into contact with the road.
4.5 Dynamic stability
Machine behaviour while being driven on the road shall be assessed at various speeds (including
maximum speed) and during turning. Control of the machine shall be possible while it is being driven on
the road under normal conditions, as specified by the manufacturer, including the use of representative
trailers, if permitted. Suspension of equipment or attachment (e.g. ride control), axle or wheel can be used
to improve controllability. The weight distribution of the machine in the intended travel configuration(s)
(including any imposed load from a trailer, where applicable) shall ensure a minimum static axle load of
20 % of the total machine mass on the steered axle(s), measured on a substantially horizontal surface.
[11] [12]
NOTE ISO 14792 and ISO 15037-2 can be used for general guidance in determining machine behaviour
when driving on the road.
4.6 Steering system
The performance of the steering system of wheeled machines — including machines with a design
speed ≤20 km/h, but excluding rough terrain trucks (RTTs) —:shall comply with ISO 5010. If, due to the
design speed of the machine, the test speeds cannot be attained, tests shall be conducted at maximum
speed.
The performance of the steering system of RTTs shall comply with the applicable sections in ISO 10896-1.
Machines with design speeds less than or equal to 20km/h do not require secondary steering.
For machines (excluding RTTs)with a design speed >20 km/h, a secondary steering system is required
where the steering input force under emergency conditions (failure of the normal operating steering
system) exceeds 350 N.
If the steering system has switchable steering modes (e.g. 2-wheel steering, 4-wheel steering, crab,
or inversed function in certain machine configurations), it shall be possible to positively engage the
mode(s) suitable for driving on the road as specified by the manufacturer. Inadvertent activation of
other steering modes shall be minimized in accordance with the requirements of 4.11.2. It should be
possible to easily identify the steering mode that is engaged.
For machines with a rotating upper structure, the road travel position shall be identified on the machine.
The steering system of track-laying machines with a design speed (forward or reverse) >20 km/h shall
be gradual.
4.7 Brake systems
Machines shall be equipped with a service brake system, a secondary brake system, and a parking brake
system, suitable, under the manufacturer’s intended conditions of service, load, speed, terrain, and
slope, for driving on the road.
The equipment shall be able to resist corrosion and ageing phenomena which could lead to a sudden loss
of braking efficiency.
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ISO 17253:2014(E)
Brake systems of crawler machines with a maximum machine speed <20km/h shall comply with
ISO 10265.
Brake systems of all wheeled machines shall comply with ISO 3450. Rubber-tracked crawler machines
with a maximum machine speed ≥20km/h shall comply with ISO 3450.
Wheeled machines shall have a braking capacity of equal nominal rating on each wheel of a braked axle.
4.8 Trailer connections
4.8.1 Coupling devices
If fitted, mechanical coupling devices enabling the connection of a trailer shall be so designed that safety
according to the state of the art is provided. The connections and their locking mechanisms shall ensure
that under normal operating conditions, no unintentional unlatching can occur. Sufficient angular
movement shall be ascertained.
Coupling devices should be in accordance with ISO 6489-3.
[5] [6] [7] [8]
Other devices, such as those covered in ISO 6489-1, ISO 6489-2, ISO 6489-3, ISO 6489-4,
[9] [14] [20]
ISO 6489-5, ISO 24347 and ECE R55, and national trailer couplings are acceptable according to
customer requirements.
4.8.2 Braking
The requirements given in ISO 3450:2011, 4.11, for machines designed for the connection of a trailer
shall be met.
Machines designed and equipped to tow a trailer at more than 20 km/h and where the sum of the trailed
axle loads is more than 3 500 kg shall be equipped with a trailer braking circuit according to ISO 5676.
The parking brake system of the machine shall be capable of holding the machine combination, machine
and an un-braked trailer of 3 500 kg mass (or less if the permissible, un-braked towable mass, as specified
by the machine manufacturer, is less), stationary on a 15 % upwards or downwards gradient.
4.8.3 Lighting socket
Machines designed and equipped to tow a trailer shall be equipped with a lighting socket (e.g. according
[1] [10]
to ISO 1724 or IS
...
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