ISO 16065-2:2014
(Main)Pulps — Determination of fibre length by automated optical analysis — Part 2: Unpolarized light method
Pulps — Determination of fibre length by automated optical analysis — Part 2: Unpolarized light method
ISO 16065-2:2014 specifies a method for determining fibre length by automated optical analysis using unpolarized light. The method is applicable to all kinds of pulp. However, fibrous particles shorter than 0,2 mm are not regarded as fibres for the purposes of ISO 16065-2:2014 and, therefore, are not included in the results.
Pâtes — Détermination de la longueur de fibre par analyse optique automatisée — Partie 2: Méthode de la lumière non polarisée
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16065-2
Second edition
2014-01-15
Pulps — Determination of fibre length
by automated optical analysis —
Part 2:
Unpolarized light method
Pâtes — Détermination de la longueur de fibre par analyse optique
automatisée —
Partie 2: Méthode de la lumière non polarisée
Reference number
ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and auxiliary materials . 2
6 Sampling . 3
7 Preparation of sample . 3
7.1 Disintegration . 3
7.2 Stock dilution. 3
8 Procedure. 4
8.1 Measurement procedure . 4
8.2 Verification procedure using verification fibres . 4
9 Calculation and expression of results . 5
9.1 Method of calculation . 5
9.2 Characteristic distribution values . 5
10 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Precision . 7
Bibliography . 9
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ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
ISO 16065 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pulps — Determination of fibre length
by automated optical analysis:
— Part 1: Polarized light method
— Part 2: Unpolarized light method
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16065–2:2007), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with the following changes:
— a new precision statement that complies with the requirements of ISO/TR 24498 has been added.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
Pulps — Determination of fibre length by automated
optical analysis —
Part 2:
Unpolarized light method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16065 specifies a method for determining fibre length by automated optical analysis
using unpolarized light.
The method is applicable to all kinds of pulp. However, fibrous particles shorter than 0,2 mm are not
regarded as fibres for the purposes of this part of ISO 16065 and, therefore, are not included in the
results.
NOTE ISO 16065-1 deals with the determination of fibre length using polarized light.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 638, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of dry matter content — Oven-drying method
ISO 4119, Pulps — Determination of stock concentration
ISO 5263-1, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 1: Disintegration of chemical pulps
ISO 5263-2, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 2: Disintegration of mechanical pulps at 20 °C
ISO 5263-3, Pulps — Laboratory wet disintegration — Part 3: Disintegration of mechanical pulps at > 85 °C
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
unpolarized light
light composed of light waves whose planes of vibration are randomly oriented
3.2
mean length
L
total length of all fibres counted divided by the number of fibres
Note 1 to entry: See Formula (3).
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ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
3.3
length-weighted mean length
L
l
average of the length-weighted fibre-length distribution
Note 1 to entry: See Formula (4).
3.4
mass-weighted fibre length
L
w
average of the mass-weighted fibre-length distribution
Note 1 to entry: See Formula (5).
4 Principle
The fibres suspended in the water are routed through a measuring cell, where the lengths of the
individual fibres are measured. A suitable unpolarized light source is used to create the high-contrast
image between the fibres and the background. The numerical and weighted average fibre lengths and
fibre-length distributions of the pulp are calculated.
5 Apparatus and auxiliary materials
Ordinary laboratory equipment and the following are required.
5.1 Fibre-length analyser, consisting of a measurement section and a sample transport system.
The measurement section consists of a measuring cell, through which the fibres in the water are drawn.
There is a uniform unpolarized light source on one side of the cell and a sensitive detector [for example, a
charge coupled device (CCD) camera] on the same or on the opposite side of the measuring cell. The flow
orientates the fibres into a focal depth no thicker than 0,5 mm normal to the sample flow. The sample
flow can be stopped when the CCD camera takes a picture. The detector indicates the fibre length from
the image of the fibre. The analyser shall have a resolution that is equal to or better than 100 µm over
the range 0 mm to 7 mm, and an accuracy of at least 0,01 mm.
5.1.1 Measuring system, constructed so that air bubbles and non-fibrous particles greater than 0,2 mm
do not have any effect on the results.
5.2 Disintegrator, as described in ISO 5263-1, ISO 5263-2, or ISO 5263-3.
5.3 Verification fibres, made of rayon with suggested lengths of about 0,5 mm, 3,0 mm, and 7,0 mm,
with an accuracy of 0,01 mm.
The fibres shall be provided by the producer of the analyser, together with statistical data showing the
mean length and the length distribution of each type of verification fibre.
1)
5.4 Reference pulp , a commercial reference pulp is available. A quantity of pulp for which the length-
weighted fibre length has previously been determined, using this part of ISO 16065.
NOTE In-house reference pulp can also be used.
1) Reference pulp is available, for example, from the device supplier or the National Institute of Science &
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (NIST). The reference pulp is provided in sheet form. This information is given
for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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ISO 16065-2:2014(E)
5.5 Dilution water, free of non-fibrous material and air bubbles greater than 5 µm, and having an
evaporation residue less than 50 mg/l.
Non-fibrous particles can be removed from the water by filtering (pore size of 5 µm) and the air bubbles
can be removed by the application of heat, vacuum, and/or a settling time.
6 Sampling
If the test is being made to evaluate a pulp lot, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 7213. If
the test is made on another type of sample, report the source of the sample and, if possible, the sampling
procedure used.
From the sample received, select the specimens so that they are representative of the whole sample.
7 Preparation of sample
7.1 Disintegration
If the sample is in dried form, determine the dry matter content, in accordance with ISO 638. If the
sample is in slush form, determine the stock concentration, in accordance with ISO 4119.
NOTE It is preferable to measure the never-dried pulps without disintegration, because excessive
disintegration can generate fines and reduce the fibre length in som
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