ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857:2026

Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Wireless Smart Utility Network Field Area Network (FAN)

This document defines the technical implementation and behavior of a Wi-SUN Field Area Network which fulfills the marketing requirements specified in [MRD]. With the details presented in this document, an implementer is enabled to construct an interoperable and certifiable implementation of the Wi-SUN FAN.

Télécommunications et échange d'information entre systèmes — Réseau de terrain (FAN) sans fil pour services publics intelligents

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Apr-2026
• ICS: 33.040.40 - Data communication networks
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 29-Apr-2026
• Due Date: 16-Feb-2027
• Completion Date: 29-Apr-2026

Overview

ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857:2025, “Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Wireless Smart Utility Network Field Area Network (FAN),” defines a detailed framework for implementing Wi-SUN FAN technology. Developed by ISO, IEC, and IEEE, this international standard ensures interoperability, security, and scalability for wireless smart utility networks, covering technical requirements necessary for deployment in the utility industry and other critical infrastructure sectors.

The standard focuses on the technical implementation and expected behavior of a Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network) Field Area Network, enabling manufacturers and system integrators to build certifiable, interoperable solutions that fulfill global market and regulatory requirements.

Key Topics

• Interoperability: Ensures consistent communication and operation among diverse devices from multiple vendors, fostering a robust and unified network ecosystem.
• Layered Architecture: Aligns with networking best practices by defining PHY, Data Link, Network, and Transport layers, specifying each layer's functions and behaviors within the FAN.
• Security: Addresses key security features such as public key infrastructure, key management, node authentication, and data protection, including support for node hardening and state maintenance through power cycling.
• Frequency Management: Includes requirements for regional variations, frequency hopping, and support for multiple frequency bands and channel parameters, allowing compliant deployment worldwide.
• Reliability and Robustness: Specifies network reliability targets, time synchronization between nodes, and mechanisms to minimize data loss and optimize communication efficiency.
• Certification and Compliance: Establishes guidelines for creating implementations that can be verified and certified, supporting ease of adoption and regulatory approval.
• Scalability: Supports large-scale deployments typical in smart grid, smart city, and industrial IoT applications.

Applications

ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857 is central to modernizing and enhancing infrastructure with robust wireless connectivity. Typical applications leveraging the Wi-SUN FAN standard include:

• Smart Grid Networks: Enables secure, scalable networking for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distribution automation, and grid monitoring.
• Smart City Infrastructure: Supports connected street lighting, traffic management, environmental monitoring, and city-wide sensing.
• Utility Distribution: Facilitates data exchange in gas and water metering, pipeline controls, and substation communications.
• Industrial IoT: Suitable for remote monitoring, asset management, and automation in manufacturing and process industries.
• Critical Infrastructure: Provides secure wireless networking for sectors requiring high reliability and comprehensive security features.

By standardizing communication protocols and behaviors, ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857 streamlines integration, reduces development costs, and drives innovation in large-scale, reliable wireless networking environments.

Related Standards

The development and implementation of Wi-SUN FAN as defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857 are enhanced by alignment and compatibility with related international standards and organizations:

• IEEE 2857: Original basis for Wi-SUN FAN specification
• Wi-SUN Alliance Specifications: Certification and interoperability guidelines for Wi-SUN based solutions
• ISO/IEC JTC 1 Standards: Broader portfolio of standards for telecommunication and information exchange systems
• IETF RFCs: Relevant network architecture and protocol specifications
• ANSI/TIA Protocols: US-centric telecommunications interoperability and performance standards

Adhering to ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857 positions organizations to adopt best-in-class wireless communication solutions, ensuring compliance, resilience, and seamless integration for modern smart utility and industrial networking applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857
First edition
Telecommunications and
2026-04
information exchange between
systems — Wireless Smart Utility
Network Field Area Network (FAN)
Télécommunications et échange d'information entre systèmes —
Réseau de terrain (FAN) sans fil pour services publics intelligents
Reference number
© IEEE 2021
© IEEE 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
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Email: [e-mail]
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Published in Switzerland
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within IEEE Societies and subcommittees of IEEE Standards
Association (IEEE SA) Board of Governors. IEEE develops its standards through an accredited consensus
development process, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to
achieve the final product. IEEE standards are documents developed by volunteers with scientific, academic,
and industry-based expertise in technical working groups. Volunteers are not necessarily members of IEEE or
IEEE SA and participate without compensation from IEEE. While IEEE administers the process and establishes
rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, IEEE does not independently evaluate, test,
or verify the accuracy of any of the information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned
that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available
at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
ISO/IEC/IEEE 32857 was prepared by the LAN/MAN of the IEEE Computer Society (as IEEE 2857-2021) and
drafted in accordance with its editorial rules. It was adopted, under the “fast-track procedure” defined in the
Partner Standards Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE, by Joint
Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 6, Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
iii
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION . 1
Scope . 1
Requirements Language . 1
Structure of This Document . 1
Acknowledgements . 1
2 REFERENCES . 3
Wi-SUN . 3
IEEE . 4
ANSI/TIA . 4
IETF . 4
3 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS . 6
Definitions . 6
Acronyms . 6
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS . 9
General . 9
Reliability Targets . 9
Adjacent Node Time Synchronization . 9
PHY Layer . 9
4.4.1 Regional Requirements . 9
4.4.2 Data Rates . 9
Data Link Layer . 9
4.5.1 Frequency Hopping . 9
4.5.2 Routing and Forwarding . 10
Network Layer . 10
Transport Layer . 10
Security . 10
5 ARCHITECTURE .12
Overview . 12
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
iv
Upper Layer Considerations . 14
Transport Service. 14
5.3.1 General Principles . 14
5.3.2 Node Behavior . 14
Network Service . 14
5.4.1 General Principles . 14
5.4.2 Node Behavior . 15
Data Link Service . 15
5.5.1 General Principles . 15
5.5.2 Node Behavior . 15
PHY Service . 21
5.6.1 General Principles . 21
5.6.2 Node Behavior . 22
Security . 22
6 SPECIFICATION .23
Transport Layer . 23
6.1.1 Operation . 23
Network Layer . 23
6.2.1 Constants . 23
6.2.2 Data Structures. . 23
6.2.3 Operation . 24
Data Link Layer . 33
6.3.1 Constants . 33
6.3.2 Data Structures . 37
6.3.3 LLC Operation . 58
6.3.4 MAC Operation . 61
6.3.5 Service Access Points . 75
PHY Layer . 80
6.4.1 Operating Modes . 81
6.4.2 Preamble Length . 81
6.4.3 Radio Specifications . 81
Security . 81
6.5.1 Public Key Infrastructure . 82
6.5.2 FAN Access Control and Group Key Placement . 83
6.5.3 Node to Node Pairwise (N2NP) Authentication and Key Generation . 92
6.5.4 Frame Security . 125
6.5.5 Node Hardening . 129
6.5.6 State Maintenance Through Power Cycling . 129
7 APPENDIX A – TR51 CHANNEL FUNCTION .130
Random Number Generation . 130
Channel Table Calculation . 130
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
v
Calculating the First Element and Step Size . 132
Computation of Hopping Sequence Channel Table. . 133
8 APPENDIX B - UNICAST FRAME EXCHANGE EXAMPLES .135
Directed Frame Exchange: . 135
8.1.1 Unacknowledged Data . 135
8.1.2 Acknowledged Data . 135
Extended Directed Frame Exchange:. 136
8.2.1 Qualified Frame Exchange . 136
8.2.2 Multi-Packet Frame Exchange . 137
8.2.3 Frame Exchange with Initial Data . 138
8.2.4 Bi Directional Frame Exchange . 139
9 APPENDIX C DIRECT HASH CHANNEL FUNCTION .141
Example Usage of Jenkins Hash . 141
The Jenkins Hash . 142
Examples . 146
10 APPENDIX D FAN IPV6 ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE .148
11 APPENDIX E UNICAST / BROADCAST / DISCOVERY EXAMPLE .149
12 APPENDIX F IPV6 NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY OPTIMIZATIONS. .152
13 APPENDIX G FRAME COUNTER, FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER, AND MPX-IE
TRANSACTION ID .153
14 APPENDIX H UNICAST TIMING CALCULATION EXAMPLE .154
Node1 Timing Calculations . 154
Node2 Timing Calculations . 155
15 APPENDIX J FAN NODE BOOTSTRAP MESSAGING FLOW .156
16 APPENDIX K EAPOL TARGET SELECTION .157
17 APPENDIX L KEY REINSTALLATION ATTACK (KRACK) .158
18 APPENDIX M PHYSICAL LAYER.160
PHY Specification . 160
18.1.1 PPDU Format . 160
18.1.2 Modulation and Coding . 160
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
vi
18.1.3 Symbol rate and Modulation Index . 160
18.1.4 Frequency Bands and Channel Parameters . 161
18.1.5 FEC . 163
18.1.6 Data Whitening. 163
PHY RF Requirements . 163
18.2.1 Transmit Spectral Mask . 163
Regional Considerations . 163
18.3.1 Brazil Region . 163
PHY Test Mode Requirements . 164
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
vii
Table of Figures
FIGURE 5-1 COMMUNICATIONS REFERENCE MODEL . 12
FIGURE 5-2 SAMPLE LAYER 3 ROUTED FAN. 13
FIGURE 5-3 SAMPLE LAYER 2 ROUTED FAN. 14
FIGURE 5-4 UPPER LAYER PROTOCOL DISPATCH . 16
FIGURE 5-5 UNICAST FREQUENCY HOPPING . 19
FIGURE 5-6 BROADCAST FREQUENCY HOPPING . 20
FIGURE 5-7 BROADCAST AND UNICAST SCHEDULES . 21
FIGURE 6-1 EAPOL RELAY DATAGRAM . 24
FIGURE 6-2 ADDRESS REGISTRATION . 32
FIGURE 6-3 PA FRAME FORMAT . 37
FIGURE 6-4 PA FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 37
FIGURE 6-5 PAS FRAME FORMAT . 38
FIGURE 6-6 PAS FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 38
FIGURE 6-7 PC FRAME FORMAT . 38
FIGURE 6-8 PC FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 39
FIGURE 6-9 PCS FRAME FORMAT . 39
FIGURE 6-10 PCS FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 39
FIGURE 6-11 ULAD FORMAT. 40
FIGURE 6-12 ULAD FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 40
FIGURE 6-13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FRAME FORMAT . 41
FIGURE 6-14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 41
FIGURE 6-15 EAPOL FRAME FORMAT . 42
FIGURE 6-16 EAPOL FRAME CONTROL FORMAT . 42
FIGURE 6-17 WI-SUN HEADER IE . 44
FIGURE 6-18 UNICAST TIMING IE . 44
FIGURE 6-19 FRAME TYPES . 44
FIGURE 6-20 BROADCAST TIMING IE . 45
FIGURE 6-21 FLOW CONTROL IE. 45
FIGURE 6-22 RSL IE . 46
FIGURE 6-23 MHDS-IE . 46
FIGURE 6-24 VENDOR EXTENSION IE . 46
FIGURE 6-25 WI-SUN PAYLOAD IE . 47
FIGURE 6-26 UNICAST SCHEDULE IE . 48
FIGURE 6-27 BROADCAST SCHEDULE IE . 48
FIGURE 6-28 CHANNEL INFORMATION FIELDS . 48
FIGURE 6-29 EXCLUDED CHANNEL RANGES FIELD . 50
FIGURE 6-30 CHANNEL MASK BIT ORDER ILLUSTRATION (TRANSMIT ORDER … LEFT TO RIGHT) . 51
FIGURE 6-31 VENDOR EXTENSION IE . 51
FIGURE 6-32 PAN IE . 51
FIGURE 6-33 NETWORK NAME IE . 52
FIGURE 6-34 PAN VERSION IE . 52
FIGURE 6-35 GTK HASH IE . 53
FIGURE 6-36 L2 MESH PDU STRUCTURE AND FORMAT . 56
FIGURE 6-37 L2 MESH PDU HEADER STRUCTURE AND FORMAT . 56
FIGURE 6-38 L2 MESH PDU HEADER MHD-CONTROL FIELD FORMAT . 56
FIGURE 6-39 L2 MESH PDU HEADER ADDRESS LIST STRUCTURE AND FORMAT . 56
FIGURE 6-40 L2 MESH PDU DATA STRUCTURE AND FORMAT . 57
FIGURE 6-41 L2 MESH PDU DATA ELEMENT STRUCTURE AND FORMAT . 57
FIGURE 6-42 STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM FOR DFE . 63
FIGURE 6-43 STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM FOR EDFE . 64
FIGURE 6-44 FAN JOIN STATES . 72
FIGURE 6-45 SERVICE ACCESS POINTS (SAP) . 76
FIGURE 6-46 AUTHENTICATION AND GROUP KEY ACQUISITION FLOWS . 84
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
viii
FIGURE 6-47 SHARED SECRET INITIATION . 93
FIGURE 6-48 - UML ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT STATE MACHINE . 97
FIGURE 6-49 - STATE MACHINE SHAPES KEY . 97
FIGURE 6-50 - START STATE TRANSITIONS . 99
FIGURE 6-51 - ASSOCIATIONWAIT STATE TRANSITIONS . 100
FIGURE 6-52 - ACKWAIT STATE TRANSITIONS . 100
FIGURE 6-53 - SESSIONVALID STATE TRANSITIONS . 101
FIGURE 6-54 - COMMON TRANSITIONS . 102
FIGURE 6-55 ESTKEYTRUST PROCEDURE FLOW . 103
FIGURE 6-56 START STATE TRANSITIONS PART 1 . 106
FIGURE 6-57 START STATE TRANSITIONS - PART 2 . 107
FIGURE 6-58 SESSIONPENDING1 STATE TRANSITIONS. 108
FIGURE 6-59 SESSIONPENDING2 STATE TRANSITIONS. 110
FIGURE 6-60 SESSIONVALID STATE TRANSITIONS . 111
FIGURE 6-61 SESSIONOPEN STATE TRANSITIONS . 112
FIGURE 6-62 COMMON TRANSITIONS . 113
FIGURE 6-63 NEWASSOCIATION MESSAGE . 115
FIGURE 6-64 ASSOCIATIONRESPONSE MESSAGE . 116
FIGURE 6-65 ASSOCIATIONACK MESSAGE . 117
FIGURE 6-66 GETCERTS MESSAGE . 118
FIGURE 6-67 SENDCERTS MESSAGE . 118
FIGURE 6-68 CLOSEASSOCIATION MESSAGE . 119
FIGURE 6-69 NS SHARED SECRET INITIATION . 120
FIGURE 6-70 NS SHARED SECRET RESPONSE . 120
FIGURE 6-71 SM SPECIFIC ERROR MESSAGE . 123
FIGURE 6-72 GTK CYCLING . 128
FIGURE 8-1 DFE NON-ACKNOWLEDGED EXCHANGE . 135
FIGURE 8-2 DFE ACKNOWLEDGED EXCHANGE . 136
FIGURE 8-3 EDFE QUALIFIED FRAME EXCHANGE . 137
FIGURE 8-4 EDFE 2 MULTI-PACKET DATA EXCHANGE . 138
FIGURE 8-5 EDFE FRAME EXCHANGE WITH INITIAL DATA . 139
FIGURE 8-6 EDFE BI-DIRECTIONAL FRAME EXCHANGE . 140
FIGURE 15-1 JOINING NODE BOOTSTRAP MESSAGING FLOW (L3 ROUTING) . 156

© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
ix
Table of Tables
TABLE 6-1 NETWORK LAYER CONSTANTS 23
TABLE 6-2 DATA LINK LAYER CONSTANTS 33
TABLE 6-3 MULTIPLEX IDS 54
TABLE 6-4 INFORMATION ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAMES 55
TABLE 6-5 MLME-WS-ASYNC-FRAME.REQUEST PARAMETERS 79
TABLE 6-6 MLME-WS-ASYNC-FRAME.CONFIRM PARAMETERS 80
TABLE 6-7 MLME-WS-ASYNC-FRAME.INDICATION PARAMETERS 80
TABLE 6-8 - PREAMBLE LENGTHS PER OPERATING MODES 81
TABLE 6-9 - RADIO SPECIFICATION 81
TABLE 6-10 AUTHENTICATION AND PMK INSTALLATION FLOW 87
TABLE 6-11 PTK AND GTK INSTALLATION FLOW 90
TABLE 6-12 GROUP KEY UPDATE FLOW 91
TABLE 18-1 - PHY OPERATING MODES AND SYMBOL RATES 161
TABLE 18-2: SUPPORTED FREQUENCY BANDS AND CHANNEL PARAMETERS 161
TABLE 18-3: EXCLUDED CHANNELS IN BRAZIL 163

© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
x
1 Introduction
Scope
This document defines the technical implementation and behavior of a Wi-SUN Field Area Network which fulfills the
marketing requirements specified in [MRD]. With the details presented in this document, an implementer is enabled to
construct an interoperable and certifiable implementation of the Wi-SUN FAN.
Requirements Language
Requirements are specified using the terminology and conventions as described in [RFC2119]. Requirements key words
described in [RFC2119] must be capitalized.
Structure of This Document
The FAN Technical Profile Specification is developed in an iterative process as described in [FWGDP]. A brief overview of
each TPS section is provided below. Unless noted otherwise, all sections are informative.
1. Introduction. Self-explanatory.
2. References. Self-explanatory.
3. Definitions and Acronyms. Self-explanatory.
4. Technical Requirements (normative). This section defines the requirements which must be met by the Specification
section. It defines what functionality must be provided by the TPS.  It does not define the technical specifics of how
the Technical Requirements are met, nor test cases required to verify that functionality.
5. Architecture. Overview of the design and operation of the FAN.
6. Specification (normative). The technical specifics of how the mechanisms of the FAN are to be implemented.
Normative clauses within this section require corresponding test case coverage be incorporated into the Wi-SUN FAN
Compliance and Interoperability Test Plans.
7. Appendix A. (normative). Description of the TR51 Channel Function.
8. Appendix B. Unicast Frame Exchange examples.
9. Appendix C. (normative). Description of the Direct Hash Channel Function.
10. Appendix D. Guidance for FAN IPv6 Addressing Architecture.
11. Appendix E. Unicast / Broadcast / Discovery Example.
12. Appendix F. Description of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Optimizations.
13. Appendix G. Description of Frame Counter, Frame Sequence Number, and MPX-IE Transaction ID interaction.
14. Appendix H. Unicast Timing Calculation Example.
15. Appendix J. FAN Node Bootstrap Messaging Flow.
16. Appendix K. EAPOL Target Selection.
17. Appendix L. Key Reinstallation Attack.

Acknowledgements
The Wi-SUN Alliance acknowledges the substantial efforts of the following individuals who contributed to the production of
this document.
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
• Keith Barnes, Itron • Anders Grauballe, Kamstrup
• Paul Dietrich, Silver Spring Networks • Ankush Sabharwal, Landis+Gyr
• Paul Duffy, Cisco Systems (Co-Chair and • Will San Filippo, Silver Spring Networks
Technical Editor)
• Koichi Sato, Renesas
• Gene Falendysz, Itron
• Cristina Seibert, Silver Spring Networks
• Veselin Ganev, Cisco Systems
• Kunal Shah, Itron (PHYWG Chair and Technical
• Elad Gottlib, Silver Spring Networks Editor)
• Thomas Herbst, Silver Spring Networks • Huimin She, Cisco Systems
• Chris Hett, Landis+Gyr • Shobhit Singh, Landis+Gyr
• Jonathan Hui, Cisco Systems • Michael St Johns, Silver Spring Networks
• Thomas Joyce, Analog Devices Inc. • Don Sturek, Itron (Co-Chair)
• Amarjeet Kumar, Procubed Inc. • Larry Taylor, Discrete Time Communications
• Rakesh Kumar, Procubed Inc. • Kumaran Vijayasankar, Texas Instruments
• Anand M, Procubed Inc. • Hans Waldmann, Analog Devices Inc.
• Ben Rolfe, Electric Power Research Institute • Lu Wang, Cisco Systems
• Ryota Yamada, Omron • Zhanglong Xia, Cisco Systems
© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
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© IEEE 2021 – All rights reserved
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