ISO/FDIS 16610-45

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 45: Morphological profile filters: Segmentation

Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Filtrage — Partie 45: Filtres de profil morphologiques : Segmentation

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 17.040.40 - Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 213 - Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 213/WG 15 - GPS extraction and filtration techniques
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 05-Aug-2024
• Completion Date: 05-Aug-2024

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 21100:2020 - Air cargo unit load devices — Performance requirements and test parameters
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Consolidated By: ISO 21388-2:2024 - Acoustics — Hearing aid fitting management — Part 2: Tele-services as part of hearing aid fitting management (tHAFM)
• Effective Date: 02-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 213
Geometrical product specifications
Secretariat: BSI
(GPS) — Filtration —
Voting begins on:
2024-08-05
Part 45:
Morphological profile filters:
Voting terminates on:
2024-09-30
Segmentation
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Filtrage —
Partie 45: Filtres de profil morphologiques : Segmentation
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 213
Geometrical product specifications
Secretariat: BSI
(GPS) — Filtration —
Voting begins on:
Part 45:
Morphological profile filters:
Voting terminates on:
Segmentation
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Filtrage —
Partie 45: Filtres de profil morphologiques : Segmentation
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to geometrical features.1
3.2 Terms related to segmentation .3
3.3 Terms related to pruning .5
3.4 Terms related to the motif method .8
4 Segmentation details . 10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Basic segmentation .10
4.3 Watershed segmentation using Wolf pruning .10
4.3.1 General .10
4.3.2 Calculation method for watershed segmentation using Wolf pruning .10
4.4 Crossing-the-line segmentation .11
4.4.1 General .11
4.4.2 Calculation method for crossing-the-line segmentation .11
5 General information . 14
Annex A (informative) Crossing-the-line segmentation to determine profile elements.15
Annex B (informative) Other segmentation information — Hyperreal numbers .21
Annex C (informative) Relationship to the filtration matrix model .23
Annex D (informative) Concept diagrams .24
Annex E (informative) Relationship to the GPS matrix model .28
Bibliography .29

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 290, Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 16610 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS
standard (see ISO 14638). It influences chain links C and E in the GPS matrix structure.
The ISO GPS matrix model given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO GPS system of which this
document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document and the
default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document,
unless otherwise indicated.
For more information on the relationship of this document to filtration matrix model, see Annex C.
For more detailed information on the relationship of this document to other standards and the GPS matrix
model, see Annex E.
This document develops the terminology and concepts for profile segmentation.
This document will replace ISO 21920-1 as the source document for profile segmentation. ISO 21920-1 is
under revision and its definitions will be aligned with this document.

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 16610-45:2024(en)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration —
Part 45:
Morphological profile filters: Segmentation
1 Scope
This document defines the terminology and develops concepts for profile morphological segmentation. In
particular it specifies the watershed segmentation method, the Wolf pruning method and the crossing-the-
line method. This document assumes a continuous surface.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16610-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 1: Overview and basic concepts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16610-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to geometrical features
3.1.1
topographic feature
line or point feature on a profile
3.1.1.1
line feature
hill or dale
3.1.1.2
point feature
peak or pit
3.1.2
peak
point on the profile which is higher than all other points within the
neighbourhood of that point
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.

3.1.3
peak
highest point of a hill (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.4
pit
point on the profile which is lower than all other points within the neighbourhood
of that point
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the pit is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.5
pit
lowest point of a dale (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.6
hill
region around a peak such that all maximal upward paths end at the peak
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
X X-axis (reference line)
Y height
A peak
B pit
C hill local height
D dale local depth
Figure 1 — Hill local height and dale local depth (watershed segmentation)
3.1.7
hill
outwardly directed (from material to surrounding medium) contiguous portion of the profile
above the reference line bounded by the two adjacent points where the ordinate values change their sign
Note 1 to entry: See F
...

ISO/TC 213
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2024-05-1107-22
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration —
Part 45:
Morphological profile filters: Segmentation
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Filtrage —
Partie 45: Filtres de profil morphologiques : Segmentation
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to geometrical features . 1
3.2 Terms related to segmentation . 4
3.3 Terms related to pruning . 7
3.4 Terms related to the motif method . 11
4 Segmentation details . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 Basic segmentation . 13
4.3 Watershed segmentation using Wolf pruning . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Calculation method for watershed segmentation using Wolf pruning . 14
4.4 Crossing-the-line segmentation . 15
4.4.1 General . 15
4.4.2 Calculation method for crossing-the-line segmentation . 16
5 General information . 20
Annex A (informative) Crossing-the-line segmentation to determine profile elements . 21
A.1 General . 21
A.2 Modified signum function . 22
A.3 Root function . 22
A.4 Step 1: Determination of hills and dales within the evaluation length . 22
A.5 Step 2: Determination of significant profile hills and profile dales. 23
A.6 Step 3: Merging of adjacent significant profile hills or adjacent significant profile dales . 24
A.7 Step 4: Determination of profile elements . 26
Annex B (informative) Other segmentation information — Hyperreal numbers . 27
B.1 General . 27
B.2 Usage . 27
B.3 Computer implementation . 27
Annex C (informative) Relationship to the filtration matrix model . 29
C.1 General . 29
C.2 Position in the filtration matrix model . 29
Annex D (informative) Concept diagrams . 30
D.1 Geometrical features terms . 30
D.2 Segmentation . 30
D.3 Pruning . 31
D.4 Motif . 32
Annex E (informative) Relationship to the GPS matrix model . 33
E.1 General . 33
E.2 Information about the document and its use . 33
E.3 Position in the GPS matrix model. 33
E.4 Related International Standards . 34
Bibliography . 35

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 290, Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 16610 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS
standard (see ISO 14638). It influences chain links C and E in the GPS matrix structure.
The ISO GPS matrix model given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO GPS system, of which this document
is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document and the default decision
rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document, unless otherwise
indicated.
For more information on the relationship of this document to filtration matrix model, see Annex C.
For more detailed information on the relationship of this document to other standards and the GPS matrix
model, see Annex E.
This document develops the terminology and concepts for profile segmentation.
This document will replace ISO 21920-1 as the source document for profile segmentation. ISO 21920-1 is
under revision and its definitions will be aligned with this document.
v
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration —
Part 45:
Morphological profile filters: Segmentation
1 Scope
This document defines the terminology and develops concepts for profile morphological segmentation. In
particular it specifies the watershed segmentation method, the Wolf pruning method and the Crossingthe-Line
Method.crossing-the-line method. This document assumes a continuous surface.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16610-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 1: Overview and basic concepts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16610-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms related to geometrical features
3.1.1
topographic feature
line or point feature on a profile
Note 1 to entry: From these mutually exclusive portions the desired topological features are determined.
3.1.1.1
line feature
hill or dale
3.1.1.2
point feature
peak or pit
3.1.2
peak
point on the profile which is higher than all other points within the neighbourhood
of that point
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.

3.1.3
peak
highest point of a hill (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.4
pit
point on the profile which is lower than all other points within the neighbourhood
of that point
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the pit is the middle single point on the plateau.
Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.5
pit
lowest point of a dale (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: There is a theoretical possibility of a plateau. In this case, the peak is the middle single point on the
plateau. Alternatively, techniques given in Annex B can be used.
3.1.6
hill
...