ISO/DTR 19175
(Main)Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
Information géographique — Analyse des écarts des normes géospatiales pour la navigation continue intérieure-extérieure
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Technical
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ISO/TC 211
Geographic information — Gap
Secretariat: SIS
analysis of geospatial standards for
Voting begins on:
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
2025-02-10
Voting terminates on:
2025-05-05
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TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/TC 211
Geographic information — Gap
Secretariat: SIS
analysis of geospatial standards for
Voting begins on:
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Abbreviated terms .3
4 Indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . . 4
4.1 Overview .4
4.2 Indoor navigation .4
4.3 Issues for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .5
4.4 Requirements for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .5
5 Conceptual architecture for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . 6
5.1 Overview .6
5.2 Use case development .7
6 Gap analysis .10
6.1 Overview .10
6.2 Indoor-Outdoor Map Specification for Indoor-Outdoor Navigation .11
6.3 Guide for the integration of indoor and outdoor data for indoor-outdoor navigation . 12
6.4 Data Model of Indoor-Outdoor Positioning References. 12
6.5 Guide for context information exchange for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . 13
7 Applications examples of indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .13
8 Summary and Recommendation . 14
Bibliography .15
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic Information, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287, Geographical
information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
With the spread of nomadic and mobile devices such as smart phones, and the rapid expansion of indoor
spaces, many of the services and facilities related to the transport system have become accessible to indoor
spaces. Consequently, indoor-outdoor seamless navigation is becoming more important as an extension of
existing navigations. For indoor or outdoor navigation, there are several standardization activities which
could improve interoperability of data and services.
v
FINAL DRAFT Technical Report ISO/DTR 19175:2025(en)
Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial
standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
1 Scope
The objective of this document is to analyse gaps in geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor or
indoor navigation services.
This document:
a) specifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
b) outlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation;
d) highlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance will be used when only
one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.1.2
indoor entity feature
feature (3.1.1) constructed as indoor architectural components or features attached for a specific use inside
a building
EXAMPLE Windows, doors, furniture and facilities are indoor entity features.
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.5]
3.1.3
indoor space feature
feature (3.1.1) that contains indoor entity features (3.1.2) or is used as a place for a specific purpose inside a
building, or both
EXAMPLE Rooms, balconies and pathways are indoor space features.
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.6]
3.1.4
indoor map
portrayal of an indoor entity feature (3.1.2) and indoor space features (3.1.3) as a digital image or vector file
suitable for display on a computer screen
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.7]
3.1.5
indoor-outdoor map
portrayal of seamless interconnected entity features and space features between indoor and outdoor
environments as a digital image or vector file suitable for display on a computer screen
3.1.6
nomadic device
ND
implementation of a personal ITS station which provides communication connectivity via equipment such as
cellular telephones, mobile wireless broadband (WIMAX, HC-SDMA, etc.), WiFi etc. and includes short range
links, such as Bluetooth®, Zigbee, etc. to connect portable devices to the motor vehicle communications
system network
Note 1 to entry: Bluetooth is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
[SOURCE: ISO 23795-2:2024, 3.1.1, modified — "portable" has been removed from "portable equipment,"
"wireless communication network (3G, 4G, and 5G)" has been removed, "WiFi" has been added, "such as
IEEE 802.11x" has been replaced by "such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc." A new Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.7
indoor navigation
navigation provided in indoor space
3.1.8
ITS station
ITS-S
entity in a communication network, comprised of application, facilities, networking and access layer
components specified in ISO 21217 that operate within a bounded secure management domain
[SOURCE: ISO 13184-2:2016, 3.5]
3.1.9
personal/vehicle ITS station
P/V-ITS-S
ITS station implemented in a vehicle or mobile device
Note 1 to entry: 'mobile device' is replaced by the term 'nomadic device' (3.1.6) to assure the consistency in this
document.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.5, modified — "personal mobile device" has been replaced by "nomadic
device" in the definition. "Note 1 to entry" has been added.]
3.1.10
roadside ITS station, R-ITS-S
system that receives and processes vehicular and pedestrian information within a certain zone
Note 1 to entry: The system is installed at the roadside.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.8, modified — "
...
ISO/TC 211
ISO/CD TR 19175(en)
Secretariat: SIS
Date: 2025-01-27
Geographic Informationinformation — Gap analysis of geospatial
standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction . Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Abbreviated terms . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 Overview . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 Indoor navigation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Issues for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4 Requirements for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5 Conceptual architecture for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.1 Overview . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Use case development . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Gap analysis . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1 Overview . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Indoor-Outdoor Map Specification for Indoor-Outdoor Navigation . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
6.3 Guide for the integration of indoor and outdoor data for indoor-outdoor navigationError!
Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Data Model of Indoor-Outdoor Positioning References . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.5 Guide for context information exchange for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . Error!
Bookmark not defined.
7 Applications examples of indoor-outdoor seamless navigationError! Bookmark not defined.
8 Summary and Recommendation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation onof the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)), see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic Information., in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287, Geographical
information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
With the spread of nomadic and mobile devices such as smart phones, and the rapid expansion of indoor
spaces, many of the services and facilities related to the transport system have become accessible to indoor
spaces. Consequently, the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation is becoming more important as an extension
of existing navigations. For indoor or outdoor navigationsnavigation, there are several standardization
activities towhich could improve interoperability of the data and services.
v
ISO/CD TRDTR 19175:2024(:(en)
Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
1 Scope
The objective of this document is to analyzeanalyse gaps ofin geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor
seamless navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor
or indoor navigation services.
For the gap analysis, thisThis document:
a) definesspecifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
b) defines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
c) analyzes the gap of the current geospatial standards which can be used for implementing the indoor-
outdoor seamless navigation;
d) recommends and proposes the standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.
vi
ISO/CD TRDTR 19175:2024(:(en)
Geographic Information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
1 Scope
This document analyses the gaps in geospatial standards needed for providing the interoperable indoor-
outdoor seamless navigation service.
This document:
a) defines the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
b) definesoutlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation;
c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation;
d) recommends and proposes thehighlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more
interoperability.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance will be used when only one
is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.1.2
indoor entity feature
feature (3.1.1(3.1.1)) constructed as indoor architectural components or features attached for a specific use
inside a building
EXAMPLE Windows, doors, furniture and facilities are indoor entity features.
ISO/CD TRDTR 19175:2024(:(en)
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.5]
3.1.3
indoor space feature
feature (3.1.1(3.1.1)) that contains indoor entity features (3.1.2(3.1.2)) or is used as a place for a specific
purpose inside a building, or both
EXAMPLE Rooms, balconies and pathways are indoor space features.
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.6]
3.1.4
indoor map
portrayal of an indoor entity feature (3.1.2(3.1.2)) and indoor space features (3.1.3(3.1.3)) as a digital image or
vector file suitable for display on a computer screen
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.7]
3.1.5
indoor-outdoor map
portrayal of seamless interconnected entity features and space features between indoor and outdoor
environments as a digital image or vector file suitable for display on a computer screen
3.1.6
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
route guidance service between indoor and outdoor environments and/or vice versa
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-1:2016, 3.1.6]
3.1.7
nomadic device
(ND)
implementation of a personal ITS station which provides communication connectivity via equipment such as
cellular telephones, mobile wireless broadband (WIMAX, HC-SDMA, etc.), WiFi etc. and includes short range
links, such as Bluetooth,®, Zigbee, etc. to connect portable devices to the motor vehicle communications
system network
[SOURCE: ISO 23795-2:2024, 3.1.1]
Note 1 to entry: Bluetooth is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
[SOURCE: ISO 23795-2:2024, 3.1.1, modified — "portable" has been removed from "portable equipment,"
"wireless communication network (3G, 4G, and 5G)" has been removed, "WiFi" has been added, "such as IEEE
802.11x" has been replaced by "such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc." A new Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.83.1.7
indoor navigation
navigation provided in indoor space
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-1:2016, 3.1.1]
ISO/CD TRDTR 19175:2024(:(en)
3.1.93.1.8
ITS station
, ITS-S
entity in a communication network, comprised of application, facilities, networking and access layer
components specified in ISO 21217 that operate within a bounded secure management domain
[SOURCE: ISO 13184-2:2016, 3.5]
3.1.103.1.9
personal/vehicle ITS station
, P/V-ITS-S
ITS station implemented in a vehicle or mobile device
Note 1 to entry: 'mobile device' is replaced by the term 'nomadic device' (3.1.6) to assure the consistency in this
document.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.5], modified — "personal mobile device" has been replaced by "nomadic
device" in the definition. "Note 1 to entry" has been added.]
3.1.113.1.10
roadside ITS station, R-ITS-S
system that receives and processes vehicular and pedestrian information within a certain zone
Note 1 to entry: The system is installed at the roadside.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.8], modified — "and determines the situation, in order to provide the safety
warning and parking guide service to vehicles and pedestrians" has been removed from the definition.]
3.1.123.1.11
central ITS station, central ITS-S, C-ITS-S
implementation of an ITS-S in a central ITS subsystem
[SOURCE: ISO 13184-2:2016]
3.1.133.1.12
indoor positioning
determination of a location in an indoor space
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-4:2019, 3.1.7]
3.1.143.1.13
indoor positioning infrastructure
infrastructure used to determine locations of personal/vehicle ITS stations (P/V-ITS-S) in an indoor space
EXAMPLE Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-4:2019, 3.1.11]
3.1.153.1.14
indoor positioning reference
information to support indoor positioning
EXAMPLE A good example of an indoor positioning reference is information about indoor positioning
infrastructure. For Wi-Fi based positioning, the indoor positioning infrastructure information includes the Wi-Fi APs
information, such as location, SSID, and RSSI values of APs.
ISO/CD TRDTR 19175:2024(:(en)
Note 1 to entry: Detailed specifications and contents of indoor positioning references depend on the specific
indoor positioning technologies.
Note 2 to entry: The two examples have been combined into one.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.12], modified — Example 1 and Example 2 have been combined into a sing
...
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