ISO 19115-2:2009
(Main)Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
ISO 19115-2:2009 extends the existing geographic metadata standard by defining the schema required for describing imagery and gridded data. It provides information about the properties of the measuring equipment used to acquire the data, the geometry of the measuring process employed by the equipment, and the production process used to digitize the raw data. This extension deals with metadata needed to describe the derivation of geographic information from raw data, including the properties of the measuring system, and the numerical methods and computational procedures used in the derivation. The metadata required to address coverage data in general is addressed sufficiently in the general part of ISO 19115.
Information géographique — Métadonnées — Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matrices
L'ISO 19115-2:2009 étend la norme existante sur les métadonnées géographiques en définissant le schéma requis de description des images et des matrices. Elle donne des informations relatives aux propriétés des équipements de mesure utilisés pour obtenir les données, la géométrie du processus de mesure utilisée par ces équipements, et le processus de production utilisé pour numériser les données brutes. Cette extension porte sur les métadonnées nécessaires pour décrire la déduction des informations géographiques à partir de données brutes, y compris les propriétés du système de mesure, et les méthodes numériques et procédures informatiques utilisées pour la déduction. Les métadonnées requises pour aborder les données de couverture en général sont suffisamment abordées dans la partie générale de l'ISO 19115.
Geografske informacije - Metapodatki - 2. del: Razširitev za podobe in mrežne podatke
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19115-2
First edition
2009-02-15
Geographic information — Metadata —
Part 2:
Extensions for imagery and gridded data
Information géographique — Métadonnées —
Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matrices
Reference number
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
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accepts no liability in this area.
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
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E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Conformance.1
2.1 Conformance requirements.1
2.2 Metadata profiles .1
3 Normative references .1
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .5
5.1 Abbreviations.5
5.2 UML notations.5
5.3 UML model relationships .6
5.4 UML model stereotypes .7
6 Imagery and gridded data metadata .8
6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement.8
6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages.8
6.3 Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams .12
6.4 Data dictionary.12
Annex A (normative) Imagery and gridded data metadata schemas.13
Annex B (normative) Imagery and gridded data metadata data dictionary .22
Annex C (normative) Conformance.40
Bibliography .43
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19115-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
ISO 19115 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information — Metadata:
⎯ Geographic information — Metadata
⎯ Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Introduction
Imagery and gridded data are important information sources and products used within a geospatial
environment by geographic information systems. The production of imagery and gridded data follows one or
more process chains that begin with remote sensing data, scanned maps, field data collection or other
sensing methods and end with the creation of the end data products. The production process needs to be
documented in order to maintain quality control over the end products. In addition, metadata about the
geometry of the measuring process and the properties of the measuring equipment need to be retained with
the raw data in order to support the production process.
Within the suite of ISO geographic information standards, ISO 19115 defines the guidelines for describing
geographic information and services. While the ISO 19115 metadata model does provide some provisions for
imagery and gridded data, the requirements were not fully developed at the time ISO 19115:2003 was drafted.
To permit the development of ISO 19115 to proceed, inclusion of metadata definitions for imagery and gridded
data was deferred until the framework for these data was more fully specified within the suite of ISO
geographic information standards. Additionally, other standards that implement metadata for imagery and
gridded data have been surveyed and are described in ISO/TR 19121.
The object of this part of ISO 19115 is to provide the additional structure to more extensively describe the
derivation of geographic imagery and gridded data. This structure is intended to augment ISO 19115.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Geographic information — Metadata —
Part 2:
Extensions for imagery and gridded data
1 Scope
This part of ISO 19115 extends the existing geographic metadata standard by defining the schema required
for describing imagery and gridded data. It provides information about the properties of the measuring
equipment used to acquire the data, the geometry of the measuring process employed by the equipment, and
the production process used to digitize the raw data. This extension deals with metadata needed to describe
the derivation of geographic information from raw data, including the properties of the measuring system, and
the numerical methods and computational procedures used in the derivation. The metadata required to
address coverage data in general is addressed sufficiently in the general part of ISO 19115.
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance requirements
Metadata shall be provided as specified in Clause 6 and Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 19115 and
ISO 19115:2003, Clause 6 and Annexes A and B.
User-defined metadata extensions to this part of ISO 19115 shall be defined and provided as specified in
ISO 19115:2003, Annex C.
Any metadata claiming conformance with this part of ISO 19115 shall pass the requirements described in
Annex C of this part of ISO 19115 and the abstract test suite presented in ISO 19115:2003, Annex D.
2.2 Metadata profiles
Any profile conforming to this part of ISO 19115 shall conform to the rules for creating a profile given in
ISO 19115:2003, C.6.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19115:2003 and the following apply.
4.1
attribute
named property of an entity
[ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999]
NOTE Describes a geometrical, topological, thematic, or other characteristic of an entity.
4.2
band
range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that produce a single response by a sensing device
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.3
class
description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and
semantics
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.4
coverage
feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its spatial, temporal
or spatiotemporal domain
[ISO 19123:2005]
EXAMPLE Examples include a raster image, polygon overlay, or digital elevation matrix
4.5
data
reinterpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing
[ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993]
4.6
data type
specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.7
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.8
dataset series
collection of datasets sharing the same product specification
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.9
domain
well-defined set
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
4.10
event
action which occurs at an instant
[ISO 19108:2002]
4.11
geolocation information
information used to determine geographic location corresponding to image location
4.12
georectified
corrected for positional displacement with respect to the surface of the earth
4.13
georeferencing
process of determining the relation between the position of data in the image coordinates and its geographic
or map location
4.14
grid
network composed of two or more sets of curves in which the members of each set intersect the members of
the other sets in an algorithmic way
[ISO 19123:2005]
NOTE The curves partition a space into grid cells.
4.15
grid coordinate system
coordinate system in which a position is specified relative to the intersection of curves
4.16
grid coordinates
sequence of two or more numbers specifying a position with respect to its location on a grid
4.17
gridded data
data whose attribute values are associated with positions on a grid coordinate system
4.18
ground control point
point on the earth that has an accurately known geographic position
4.19
image
gridded coverage whose attribute values are a numerical representation of a physical parameter
NOTE The physical parameters are the result of measurement by a sensor or a prediction from a model.
4.20
imagery
representation of phenomena as images produced by electronic and/or optical techniques
[ISO 19101-2:2008]
NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, it is assumed that the objects and phenomena have been sensed or detected by
camera, infrared and multispectral scanners, radar and photometers, or similar devices.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
4.21
metadata
data about data
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.22
pass
single instance of a remote, mobile measuring system going by a target of interest
NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, the measuring system will usually be a remote sensing platform. In a navigation
context, the measuring system might be a GPS satellite.
4.23
pixel
smallest element of a digital image to which attributes are assigned
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
NOTE It is the smallest unit of display for a visible image.
4.24
platform
structure which supports a sensor, or sensors
4.25
polarization
restricting radiation, especially light, vibrations to a single plane
4.26
remote sensing
collection and interpretation of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object
4.27
resolution (of a sensor)
smallest difference between indications of a sensor that can be meaningfully distinguished
NOTE For imagery, resolution refers to radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions.
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.28
sensor
element of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a
quantity to be measured
[ISO/IEC GUIDE 99:2007)]
4.29
sensor model
description of the radiometric and geometric characteristics of a sensor
[ISO19101-2:2008]
4.30
spectral resolution
specific wavelength interval within the electromagnetic spectrum
EXAMPLE Band 1 of Landsat TM lies between 0,45 and 0,52 µm in the visible part of the spectrum.
4.31
value
element of a type domain
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.32
value domain
set of accepted values
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
EXAMPLE The range 3-28, all integers, any ASCII character, enumeration of all accepted values (green, blue, white).
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5.1 Abbreviations
IDL Interface Definition Language
OCL Object Constraint Language
UML Unified Modeling Language
5.2 UML notations
The diagrams that appear in this part of ISO 19115 are presented using the Unified Modelling Language
(UML) static structure diagram with the ISO Interface Definition Language (IDL) basic type definitions and the
UML Object Constraint Language (OCL) as the conceptual schema language. The UML notations used in this
part of ISO 19115 are described in Figure 1.
Association
Aggregation
Composition
Generalization
Dependency
Figure 1 — UML notation
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
5.3 UML model relationships
5.3.1 Associations
An association is used to describe a relationship between two or more classes. UML defines three different
types of relationships, called association, aggregation and composition. The three types have different
semantics. An ordinary association shall be used to represent a general relationship between two classes.
The aggregation and composition associations shall be used to create part-whole relationships between two
classes. The direction of an association must be specified. If the direction is not specified, it is assumed to be
a two-way association. If one-way associations are intended, the direction of the association can be marked
by an arrow at the end of the line.
An aggregation association is a relationship between two classes in which one of the classes plays the role of
container and the other plays the role of a containee.
A composition association is a strong aggregation. In a composition association, if a container object is
deleted, then all of its containee objects are deleted as well. The composition association shall be used when
the objects representing the parts of a container object cannot exist without the container object.
5.3.2 Generalization
A generalization is a relationship between a superclass and the subclasses that may be substituted for it. The
superclass is the generalized class, while the subclasses are specified classes.
5.3.3 Instantiation/Dependency
A dependency relationship shows that the client class depends on the supplier class/interface to provide
certain services, such as:
⎯ client class accesses a value (constant or variable) defined in the supplier class/interface;
⎯ operations of the client class invoke operations of the supplier class/interface;
⎯ operations of the client class have signatures whose return class or arguments are instances of the
supplier class/interface.
An instantiated relationship represents the act of substituting actual values for the parameters of a
parameterized class or parameterized class utility to create a specialized version of the more general item.
5.3.4 Roles
If an association is navigable in a particular direction, the model shall supply a “role name” that is appropriate
for the role of the target object in relation to the source object. Thus in a two-way association, two role names
will be supplied. Figure 2 represents how role names and cardinalities are expressed in UML diagrams.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Association between classes
Association name
Class #1 Class #2
role-1 role-2
Association cardinality
1.*
1
Class Exactly one Class One or more
n
0.*
Class Class
Zero or more Specific number
0.1
Class Optional (zero or one)
Aggregation between classes Class inheritance (subtyping of classes)
Aggregate
Superclass
class
Component Component Component
Subclass #1 Subclass #2 Subclass #n
class #1 class #2 class #n
Figure 2 — UML roles
5.4 UML model stereotypes
A UML stereotype is an extension mechanism for existing UML concepts. It is a model element that is used to
classify (or mark) other UML elements so that they in some respect behave as if they were instances of new
virtual or pseudo metamodel classes whose form is based on existing base metamodel classes. Stereotypes
augment the classification mechanisms on the basis of the built-in UML metamodel class hierarchy. Below are
brief descriptions of the stereotypes used in this part of ISO 19115. For more detailed descriptions consult
ISO/TS 19103.
In this part of ISO 19115 the following stereotypes are used.
a) <> class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with the operations
applicable to the objects. A type may have attributes and associations.
b) <> data type whose instances form a list of named literal values. Both the enumeration
name and its literal values are declared. Enumeration means a short list of well-understood potential
values within a class.
c) <> a descriptor of a set of values that lack identity and whose operations do not have side
effects. Datatypes include primitive pre-defined types and user-definable types. Pre-defined types include
numbers, string, and time. User-definable types include enumerations.
d) <> used to describe a more open enumeration. <> is a flexible enumeration. Code
lists are useful for expressing a long list of potential values. If the elements of the list are completely
known, an enumeration should be used; if only the likely values of the elements are known, a code list
should be used.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
e) <> describes a selection of one of the specified types. This is useful to specify a set of alternative
classes/types that can be used, without the need to create a common super-type/class.
f) <> class (or other classifier) that cannot be directly instantiated. UML notation for this to show
the name in italics.
g) <> class whose instances are classes. Metaclasses are typically used in the construction of
metamodels. A metaclass is an object class whose primary purpose is to hold metadata about another
class.
h) <> named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an element.
i) <> cluster of logically related components, containing sub-packages.
j) <> package that contains definitions, without any sub-packages.
6 Imagery and gridded data metadata
6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement
ISO 19115 identifies the metadata required to describe digital geographic data. This part of ISO 19115
extends the metadata identified in ISO 19115 and identifies the metadata required to describe digital
geospatial imagery and gridded data. ISO 19115 identifies some of the metadata for imagery and gridded data
and this part of ISO 19115 builds upon that foundation. The extended metadata shall be provided for
geographic images and gridded datasets which include the geospatial imagery and gridded data and may
optionally be provided for aggregations of datasets.
6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages
6.2.1 Introduction
Figure 3 illustrates the relationships among the packages described in this part of ISO 19115 and the relevant
packages specified in ISO 19115. The ISO 19115 UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each package
are fully specified in ISO 19115. The additional metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data is fully
specified in the UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each additional package, which is given in
Annex A and Annex B, respectively. If a discrepancy between the two annexes exists, Annex A shall be
considered authoritative.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
<>
Content information -
Imagery
<> <>
Content information Units of Measure
(from ISO 19115 Metadata) (from Derived)
<> <>
Spatial representation information Data quality information
<>
(from ISO 19115 Metadata) (from ISO 19115 Metadata)
Metadata entity set information
(from ISO 19115 Metadata)
<>
Metadata entity set -
Imagery
<>
Spatial representation information -
Imagery
<> <>
Acquisition information - Data quality information -
Imagery Imagery
Figure 3 — Metadata packages
To ensure global uniqueness of class names, ISO/TS 19103 requires that all class names be defined with a
bi-alpha prefix that identifies the package in which the class is defined. ISO 19115 uses the prefixes MD
(Metadata), CI (Citation), DQ (Data quality), EX (Extent), and LI (Lineage). To differentiate between
ISO 19115 and entities of this part of ISO 19115, this part uses different prefixes. The prefixes used are MI
(Metadata for imagery and gridded data), LE (Lineage extended) and QE (Data quality extended). Table 1
contains the list of package identifiers for the classes used in this part of this part of ISO 19115.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Table 1 —UML Package Identifiers
Identifier Information Type Standard
CI Citation ISO 19115
DQ Data Quality ISO 19115
EX Extent ISO 19115
GM Geometry ISO 19107
LE Lineage Extended ISO 19115-2
LI Lineage ISO 19115
MD Metadata ISO 19115
MI Metadata for Imagery ISO 19115-2
MX Metadata — XML schema ISO/TS 19139
QE Data quality Extended ISO 19115-2
6.2.2 Package Descriptions
6.2.2.1 Metadata Entity Set — Imagery
An additional package of metadata is specified here. MI_Metadata is a specified subclass of MD_Metadata
and aggregates the optional entity MI_AcquisitionInformation. This additional package is described in A.2.1.
6.2.2.2 Data quality information — Imagery
The original data quality package is defined in ISO 19115 as a container of a general assessment of the
quality of the dataset. In addition, the package contains information about the sources and production
processes used in producing a dataset, which is of particular importance for imagery and gridded data. The
data quality packages specified in this part of ISO 19115 add the following classes to those specified in
ISO 19115:
⎯ QE_CoverageResult is a specified subclass of DQ_Result and aggregates information required to report
data quality for a coverage. From ISO 19115, the classes MD_SpatialRepresentation,
MD_CoverageDescription, and MD_Format are aggregated as a description of the coverage data quality
result. In addition, an association with MX_DataFile (defined in ISO/TS 19139) provides a means to
identify a complete report of the quality of the coverage;
⎯ QE_Usability is a specified subclass of DQ_Element used to provide user specific quality information
about a dataset’s suitability for a particular application;
⎯ LE_ProcessStep is a specified subclass of LI_ProcessStep and contains additional information on the
history of the algorithms used and processing performed to produce the data. LE_ProcessStep
aggregates the following entities;
⎯ LE_Processing, describes the procedure (such as software used, parameters, and processing
documentation) by which the algorithm is applied to generate the data from the source data.
LE_Processing aggregates LE_Algorithm, which describes the methodology used to derive the data
from the source data;
⎯ LE_ProcessStepReport identifies external information describing the processing of the data;
⎯ LE_Source, is a specified subclass of LI_Source and describes the output of a process step.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
6.2.2.3 Spatial representation information — Imagery
The spatial representation package contains information concerning the mechanisms used to represent
spatial information. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that
contains additional information used to support georectification of the data. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is
an aggregation of the following entities:
⎯ MI_Georectified is a specified subclass of MD_Georectified that contains check point information to
further specify georectification details of the imagery or gridded data. MI_Georectified aggregates
MI_GCP;
⎯ MI_Georeferenceable is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that includes additional
information that can be used to geolocate the data. MI_Georeferenceable aggregates
MI_GeolocationInformation.
6.2.2.4 Content information — Imagery
The package content information is defined in ISO 19115 and describes the content of a coverage dataset.
This part of ISO 19115 expands it:
⎯ MI_Band is a specified subclass of MD_Band defining additional attributes for specifying properties of
individual wavelength bands in an imagery and gridded dataset;
⎯ MI_ImageDescription is a specified subclass of MD_ImageDescription used to aggregate
MI_RangeElementDescription;
⎯ MI_CoverageDescription is a specified subclass of MD_CoverageDescription used to aggregate
MI_RangeElementDescription;
⎯ MI_RangeElementDescription provides identification of the range elements used in a coverage dataset.
6.2.2.5 Acquisition Information — Imagery
This package is particular to this part of ISO 19115 and provides details specific to the acquisition of imagery
and gridded data. MI_AcquisitionInformation is an aggregate of the following entities:
⎯ MI_Instrument, designations of the measuring instruments used to acquire the data;
⎯ MI_Operation, designations of the overall data gathering program to which the data contribute;
⎯ MI_Platform, designations of the platform from which the data were taken;
⎯ MI_Objective, the characteristics and geometry of the intended object to be observed;
⎯ MI_Requirement, the user requirements used to derive the acquisition plan;
⎯ MI_Plan, the acquisition plan that was implemented to acquire the data.
Two additional classes are required to provide information on the acquisition of the data. These are:
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19115-2:2009
01-september-2009
Geografske informacije - Metapodatki - 2. del: Razširitev za podobe in mrežne
podatke
Geographic information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
Information géographique - Métadonnées - Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les
matrices
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19115-2:2009
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19115-2:2009 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 19115-2:2009
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SIST ISO 19115-2:2009
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19115-2
First edition
2009-02-15
Geographic information — Metadata —
Part 2:
Extensions for imagery and gridded data
Information géographique — Métadonnées —
Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matrices
Reference number
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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SIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Conformance.1
2.1 Conformance requirements.1
2.2 Metadata profiles .1
3 Normative references .1
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .5
5.1 Abbreviations.5
5.2 UML notations.5
5.3 UML model relationships .6
5.4 UML model stereotypes .7
6 Imagery and gridded data metadata .8
6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement.8
6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages.8
6.3 Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams .12
6.4 Data dictionary.12
Annex A (normative) Imagery and gridded data metadata schemas.13
Annex B (normative) Imagery and gridded data metadata data dictionary .22
Annex C (normative) Conformance.40
Bibliography .43
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19115-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
ISO 19115 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information — Metadata:
⎯ Geographic information — Metadata
⎯ Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
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Introduction
Imagery and gridded data are important information sources and products used within a geospatial
environment by geographic information systems. The production of imagery and gridded data follows one or
more process chains that begin with remote sensing data, scanned maps, field data collection or other
sensing methods and end with the creation of the end data products. The production process needs to be
documented in order to maintain quality control over the end products. In addition, metadata about the
geometry of the measuring process and the properties of the measuring equipment need to be retained with
the raw data in order to support the production process.
Within the suite of ISO geographic information standards, ISO 19115 defines the guidelines for describing
geographic information and services. While the ISO 19115 metadata model does provide some provisions for
imagery and gridded data, the requirements were not fully developed at the time ISO 19115:2003 was drafted.
To permit the development of ISO 19115 to proceed, inclusion of metadata definitions for imagery and gridded
data was deferred until the framework for these data was more fully specified within the suite of ISO
geographic information standards. Additionally, other standards that implement metadata for imagery and
gridded data have been surveyed and are described in ISO/TR 19121.
The object of this part of ISO 19115 is to provide the additional structure to more extensively describe the
derivation of geographic imagery and gridded data. This structure is intended to augment ISO 19115.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Geographic information — Metadata —
Part 2:
Extensions for imagery and gridded data
1 Scope
This part of ISO 19115 extends the existing geographic metadata standard by defining the schema required
for describing imagery and gridded data. It provides information about the properties of the measuring
equipment used to acquire the data, the geometry of the measuring process employed by the equipment, and
the production process used to digitize the raw data. This extension deals with metadata needed to describe
the derivation of geographic information from raw data, including the properties of the measuring system, and
the numerical methods and computational procedures used in the derivation. The metadata required to
address coverage data in general is addressed sufficiently in the general part of ISO 19115.
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance requirements
Metadata shall be provided as specified in Clause 6 and Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 19115 and
ISO 19115:2003, Clause 6 and Annexes A and B.
User-defined metadata extensions to this part of ISO 19115 shall be defined and provided as specified in
ISO 19115:2003, Annex C.
Any metadata claiming conformance with this part of ISO 19115 shall pass the requirements described in
Annex C of this part of ISO 19115 and the abstract test suite presented in ISO 19115:2003, Annex D.
2.2 Metadata profiles
Any profile conforming to this part of ISO 19115 shall conform to the rules for creating a profile given in
ISO 19115:2003, C.6.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation
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4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19115:2003 and the following apply.
4.1
attribute
named property of an entity
[ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999]
NOTE Describes a geometrical, topological, thematic, or other characteristic of an entity.
4.2
band
range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that produce a single response by a sensing device
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.3
class
description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and
semantics
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.4
coverage
feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its spatial, temporal
or spatiotemporal domain
[ISO 19123:2005]
EXAMPLE Examples include a raster image, polygon overlay, or digital elevation matrix
4.5
data
reinterpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation,
or processing
[ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993]
4.6
data type
specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.7
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.8
dataset series
collection of datasets sharing the same product specification
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.9
domain
well-defined set
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
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4.10
event
action which occurs at an instant
[ISO 19108:2002]
4.11
geolocation information
information used to determine geographic location corresponding to image location
4.12
georectified
corrected for positional displacement with respect to the surface of the earth
4.13
georeferencing
process of determining the relation between the position of data in the image coordinates and its geographic
or map location
4.14
grid
network composed of two or more sets of curves in which the members of each set intersect the members of
the other sets in an algorithmic way
[ISO 19123:2005]
NOTE The curves partition a space into grid cells.
4.15
grid coordinate system
coordinate system in which a position is specified relative to the intersection of curves
4.16
grid coordinates
sequence of two or more numbers specifying a position with respect to its location on a grid
4.17
gridded data
data whose attribute values are associated with positions on a grid coordinate system
4.18
ground control point
point on the earth that has an accurately known geographic position
4.19
image
gridded coverage whose attribute values are a numerical representation of a physical parameter
NOTE The physical parameters are the result of measurement by a sensor or a prediction from a model.
4.20
imagery
representation of phenomena as images produced by electronic and/or optical techniques
[ISO 19101-2:2008]
NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, it is assumed that the objects and phenomena have been sensed or detected by
camera, infrared and multispectral scanners, radar and photometers, or similar devices.
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4.21
metadata
data about data
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.22
pass
single instance of a remote, mobile measuring system going by a target of interest
NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, the measuring system will usually be a remote sensing platform. In a navigation
context, the measuring system might be a GPS satellite.
4.23
pixel
smallest element of a digital image to which attributes are assigned
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
NOTE It is the smallest unit of display for a visible image.
4.24
platform
structure which supports a sensor, or sensors
4.25
polarization
restricting radiation, especially light, vibrations to a single plane
4.26
remote sensing
collection and interpretation of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object
4.27
resolution (of a sensor)
smallest difference between indications of a sensor that can be meaningfully distinguished
NOTE For imagery, resolution refers to radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions.
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.28
sensor
element of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a
quantity to be measured
[ISO/IEC GUIDE 99:2007)]
4.29
sensor model
description of the radiometric and geometric characteristics of a sensor
[ISO19101-2:2008]
4.30
spectral resolution
specific wavelength interval within the electromagnetic spectrum
EXAMPLE Band 1 of Landsat TM lies between 0,45 and 0,52 µm in the visible part of the spectrum.
4.31
value
element of a type domain
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[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.32
value domain
set of accepted values
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
EXAMPLE The range 3-28, all integers, any ASCII character, enumeration of all accepted values (green, blue, white).
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5.1 Abbreviations
IDL Interface Definition Language
OCL Object Constraint Language
UML Unified Modeling Language
5.2 UML notations
The diagrams that appear in this part of ISO 19115 are presented using the Unified Modelling Language
(UML) static structure diagram with the ISO Interface Definition Language (IDL) basic type definitions and the
UML Object Constraint Language (OCL) as the conceptual schema language. The UML notations used in this
part of ISO 19115 are described in Figure 1.
Association
Aggregation
Composition
Generalization
Dependency
Figure 1 — UML notation
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5.3 UML model relationships
5.3.1 Associations
An association is used to describe a relationship between two or more classes. UML defines three different
types of relationships, called association, aggregation and composition. The three types have different
semantics. An ordinary association shall be used to represent a general relationship between two classes.
The aggregation and composition associations shall be used to create part-whole relationships between two
classes. The direction of an association must be specified. If the direction is not specified, it is assumed to be
a two-way association. If one-way associations are intended, the direction of the association can be marked
by an arrow at the end of the line.
An aggregation association is a relationship between two classes in which one of the classes plays the role of
container and the other plays the role of a containee.
A composition association is a strong aggregation. In a composition association, if a container object is
deleted, then all of its containee objects are deleted as well. The composition association shall be used when
the objects representing the parts of a container object cannot exist without the container object.
5.3.2 Generalization
A generalization is a relationship between a superclass and the subclasses that may be substituted for it. The
superclass is the generalized class, while the subclasses are specified classes.
5.3.3 Instantiation/Dependency
A dependency relationship shows that the client class depends on the supplier class/interface to provide
certain services, such as:
⎯ client class accesses a value (constant or variable) defined in the supplier class/interface;
⎯ operations of the client class invoke operations of the supplier class/interface;
⎯ operations of the client class have signatures whose return class or arguments are instances of the
supplier class/interface.
An instantiated relationship represents the act of substituting actual values for the parameters of a
parameterized class or parameterized class utility to create a specialized version of the more general item.
5.3.4 Roles
If an association is navigable in a particular direction, the model shall supply a “role name” that is appropriate
for the role of the target object in relation to the source object. Thus in a two-way association, two role names
will be supplied. Figure 2 represents how role names and cardinalities are expressed in UML diagrams.
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Association between classes
Association name
Class #1 Class #2
role-1 role-2
Association cardinality
1.*
1
Class Exactly one Class One or more
n
0.*
Class Class
Zero or more Specific number
0.1
Class Optional (zero or one)
Aggregation between classes Class inheritance (subtyping of classes)
Aggregate
Superclass
class
Component Component Component
Subclass #1 Subclass #2 Subclass #n
class #1 class #2 class #n
Figure 2 — UML roles
5.4 UML model stereotypes
A UML stereotype is an extension mechanism for existing UML concepts. It is a model element that is used to
classify (or mark) other UML elements so that they in some respect behave as if they were instances of new
virtual or pseudo metamodel classes whose form is based on existing base metamodel classes. Stereotypes
augment the classification mechanisms on the basis of the built-in UML metamodel class hierarchy. Below are
brief descriptions of the stereotypes used in this part of ISO 19115. For more detailed descriptions consult
ISO/TS 19103.
In this part of ISO 19115 the following stereotypes are used.
a) <> class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with the operations
applicable to the objects. A type may have attributes and associations.
b) <> data type whose instances form a list of named literal values. Both the enumeration
name and its literal values are declared. Enumeration means a short list of well-understood potential
values within a class.
c) <> a descriptor of a set of values that lack identity and whose operations do not have side
effects. Datatypes include primitive pre-defined types and user-definable types. Pre-defined types include
numbers, string, and time. User-definable types include enumerations.
d) <> used to describe a more open enumeration. <> is a flexible enumeration. Code
lists are useful for expressing a long list of potential values. If the elements of the list are completely
known, an enumeration should be used; if only the likely values of the elements are known, a code list
should be used.
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e) <> describes a selection of one of the specified types. This is useful to specify a set of alternative
classes/types that can be used, without the need to create a common super-type/class.
f) <> class (or other classifier) that cannot be directly instantiated. UML notation for this to show
the name in italics.
g) <> class whose instances are classes. Metaclasses are typically used in the construction of
metamodels. A metaclass is an object class whose primary purpose is to hold metadata about another
class.
h) <> named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an element.
i) <> cluster of logically related components, containing sub-packages.
j) <> package that contains definitions, without any sub-packages.
6 Imagery and gridded data metadata
6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement
ISO 19115 identifies the metadata required to describe digital geographic data. This part of ISO 19115
extends the metadata identified in ISO 19115 and identifies the metadata required to describe digital
geospatial imagery and gridded data. ISO 19115 identifies some of the metadata for imagery and gridded data
and this part of ISO 19115 builds upon that foundation. The extended metadata shall be provided for
geographic images and gridded datasets which include the geospatial imagery and gridded data and may
optionally be provided for aggregations of datasets.
6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages
6.2.1 Introduction
Figure 3 illustrates the relationships among the packages described in this part of ISO 19115 and the relevant
packages specified in ISO 19115. The ISO 19115 UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each package
are fully specified in ISO 19115. The additional metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data is fully
specified in the UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each additional package, which is given in
Annex A and Annex B, respectively. If a discrepancy between the two annexes exists, Annex A shall be
considered authoritative.
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<>
Content information -
Imagery
<> <>
Content information Units of Measure
(from ISO 19115 Metadata) (from Derived)
<> <>
Spatial representation information Data quality information
<>
(from ISO 19115 Metadata) (from ISO 19115 Metadata)
Metadata entity set information
(from ISO 19115 Metadata)
<>
Metadata entity set -
Imagery
<>
Spatial representation information -
Imagery
<> <>
Acquisition information - Data quality information -
Imagery Imagery
Figure 3 — Metadata packages
To ensure global uniqueness of class names, ISO/TS 19103 requires that all class names be defined with a
bi-alpha prefix that identifies the package in which the class is defined. ISO 19115 uses the prefixes MD
(Metadata), CI (Citation), DQ (Data quality), EX (Extent), and LI (Lineage). To differentiate between
ISO 19115 and entities of this part of ISO 19115, this part uses different prefixes. The prefixes used are MI
(Metadata for imagery and gridded data), LE (Lineage extended) and QE (Data quality extended). Table 1
contains the list of package identifiers for the classes used in this part of this part of ISO 19115.
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Table 1 —UML Package Identifiers
Identifier Information Type Standard
CI Citation ISO 19115
DQ Data Quality ISO 19115
EX Extent ISO 19115
GM Geometry ISO 19107
LE Lineage Extended ISO 19115-2
LI Lineage ISO 19115
MD Metadata ISO 19115
MI Metadata for Imagery ISO 19115-2
MX Metadata — XML schema ISO/TS 19139
QE Data quality Extended ISO 19115-2
6.2.2 Package Descriptions
6.2.2.1 Metadata Entity Set — Imagery
An additional package of metadata is specified here. MI_Metadata is a specified subclass of MD_Metadata
and aggregates the optional entity MI_AcquisitionInformation. This additional package is described in A.2.1.
6.2.2.2 Data quality information — Imagery
The original data quality package is defined in ISO 19115 as a container of a general assessment of the
quality of the dataset. In addition, the package contains information about the sources and production
processes used in producing a dataset, which is of particular importance for imagery and gridded data. The
data quality packages specified in this part of ISO 19115 add the following classes to those specified in
ISO 19115:
⎯ QE_CoverageResult is a specified subclass of DQ_Result and aggregates information required to report
data quality for a coverage. From ISO 19115, the classes MD_SpatialRepresentation,
MD_CoverageDescription, and MD_Format are aggregated as a description of the coverage data quality
result. In addition, an association with MX_DataFile (defined in ISO/TS 19139) provides a means to
identify a complete report of the quality of the coverage;
⎯ QE_Usability is a specified subclass of DQ_Element used to provide user specific quality information
about a dataset’s suitability for a particular application;
⎯ LE_ProcessStep is a specified subclass of LI_ProcessStep and contains additional information on the
history of the algorithms used and processing performed to produce the data. LE_ProcessStep
aggregates the following entities;
⎯ LE_Processing, describes the procedure (such as software used, parameters, and processing
documentation) by which the algorithm is applied to generate the data from the source data.
LE_Processing aggregates LE_Algorithm, which describes the methodology used to derive the data
from the source data;
⎯ LE_ProcessStepReport identifies external information describing the processing of the data;
⎯ LE_Source, is a specified subclass of LI_Source and describes the output of a process step.
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6.2.2.3 Spatial representation information — Imagery
The spatial representation package contains information concerning the mechanisms used to represent
spatial information. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that
contains additional information used to support georectification of the data. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is
an aggregation of the following entities:
⎯ MI_Georectified is a specified subclass of MD_Georectified that contains check point information to
further specify georectification details of the imagery or gridded data. MI_Georectified aggregates
MI_GCP;
⎯ MI_Georeferenceable is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that includes additional
information that can be used to geolocate the data. MI_Georeferenceable aggregates
MI_GeolocationInformation.
6.2.2.4 Content information — Imagery
The package content information is defined in ISO 19115 and describes the content of a coverage dataset.
This part of ISO 19115 expands it:
⎯ MI_Band is a specified subclass of MD_Band defining additional attributes for specifying
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geografske informacije - Metapodatki - 2. del: Razširitev za podobe in mrežne podatkeInformation géographique - Métadonnées - Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matricesGeographic information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data35.240.70Uporabniške rešitve IT v znanostiIT applications in scienceICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 19115-2:2009oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009en01-maj-2009oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
Reference numberISO 19115-2:2009(E)© ISO 2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19115-2First edition2009-02-15Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data Information géographique — Métadonnées — Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matrices
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Conformance.1 2.1 Conformance requirements.1 2.2 Metadata profiles.1 3 Normative references.1 4 Terms and definitions.2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms.5 5.1 Abbreviations.5 5.2 UML notations.5 5.3 UML model relationships.6 5.4 UML model stereotypes.7 6 Imagery and gridded data metadata.8 6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement.8 6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages.8 6.3 Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams.12 6.4 Data dictionary.12 Annex A (normative)
Imagery and gridded data metadata schemas.13 Annex B (normative)
Imagery and gridded data metadata data dictionary.22 Annex C (normative)
Conformance.40 Bibliography.43
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19115-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ISO 19115 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information — Metadata: ⎯ Geographic information — Metadata ⎯ Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved vIntroduction Imagery and gridded data are important information sources and products used within a geospatial environment by geographic information systems. The production of imagery and gridded data follows one or more process chains that begin with remote sensing data, scanned maps, field data collection or other sensing methods and end with the creation of the end data products. The production process needs to be documented in order to maintain quality control over the end products. In addition, metadata about the geometry of the measuring process and the properties of the measuring equipment need to be retained with the raw data in order to support the production process. Within the suite of ISO geographic information standards, ISO 19115 defines the guidelines for describing geographic information and services. While the ISO 19115 metadata model does provide some provisions for imagery and gridded data, the requirements were not fully developed at the time ISO 19115:2003 was drafted. To permit the development of ISO 19115 to proceed, inclusion of metadata definitions for imagery and gridded data was deferred until the framework for these data was more fully specified within the suite of ISO geographic information standards. Additionally, other standards that implement metadata for imagery and gridded data have been surveyed and are described in ISO/TR 19121. The object of this part of ISO 19115 is to provide the additional structure to more extensively describe the derivation of geographic imagery and gridded data. This structure is intended to augment ISO 19115.
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1 Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data 1 Scope This part of ISO 19115 extends the existing geographic metadata standard by defining the schema required for describing imagery and gridded data. It provides information about the properties of the measuring equipment used to acquire the data, the geometry of the measuring process employed by the equipment, and the production process used to digitize the raw data. This extension deals with metadata needed to describe the derivation of geographic information from raw data, including the properties of the measuring system, and the numerical methods and computational procedures used in the derivation. The metadata required to address coverage data in general is addressed sufficiently in the general part of ISO 19115. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance requirements Metadata shall be provided as specified in Clause 6 and Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 19115 and ISO 19115:2003, Clause 6 and Annexes A and B. User-defined metadata extensions to this part of ISO 19115 shall be defined and provided as specified in ISO 19115:2003, Annex C. Any metadata claiming conformance with this part of ISO 19115 shall pass the requirements described in Annex C of this part of ISO 19115 and the abstract test suite presented in ISO 19115:2003, Annex D. 2.2 Metadata profiles Any profile conforming to this part of ISO 19115 shall conform to the rules for creating a profile given in ISO 19115:2003, C.6. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19115:2003 and the following apply. 4.1 attribute named property of an entity [ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999] NOTE Describes a geometrical, topological, thematic, or other characteristic of an entity. 4.2 band range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that produce a single response by a sensing device [ISO/TS 19101-2:2008] 4.3 class description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics [ISO/TS 19103:2005] 4.4 coverage feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain [ISO 19123:2005] EXAMPLE Examples include a raster image, polygon overlay, or digital elevation matrix 4.5 data reinterpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing [ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993] 4.6 data type specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain [ISO/TS 19103:2005] 4.7 dataset identifiable collection of data [ISO 19115:2003] 4.8 dataset series collection of datasets sharing the same product specification [ISO 19115:2003] 4.9 domain well-defined set [ISO/TS 19103:2005] oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 34.10 event action which occurs at an instant [ISO 19108:2002] 4.11 geolocation information information used to determine geographic location corresponding to image location 4.12 georectified corrected for positional displacement with respect to the surface of the earth 4.13 georeferencing process of determining the relation between the position of data in the image coordinates and its geographic or map location 4.14 grid network composed of two or more sets of curves in which the members of each set intersect the members of the other sets in an algorithmic way [ISO 19123:2005] NOTE The curves partition a space into grid cells. 4.15 grid coordinate system coordinate system in which a position is specified relative to the intersection of curves 4.16 grid coordinates sequence of two or more numbers specifying a position with respect to its location on a grid 4.17 gridded data data whose attribute values are associated with positions on a grid coordinate system 4.18 ground control point point on the earth that has an accurately known geographic position 4.19 image gridded coverage whose attribute values are a numerical representation of a physical parameter NOTE The physical parameters are the result of measurement by a sensor or a prediction from a model. 4.20 imagery representation of phenomena as images produced by electronic and/or optical techniques [ISO 19101-2:2008] NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, it is assumed that the objects and phenomena have been sensed or detected by camera, infrared and multispectral scanners, radar and photometers, or similar devices. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 4.21 metadata data about data [ISO 19115:2003] 4.22 pass single instance of a remote, mobile measuring system going by a target of interest NOTE In this part of ISO 19115, the measuring system will usually be a remote sensing platform. In a navigation context, the measuring system might be a GPS satellite. 4.23 pixel smallest element of a digital image to which attributes are assigned [ISO/TS 19101-2:2008] NOTE It is the smallest unit of display for a visible image. 4.24 platform structure which supports a sensor, or sensors 4.25 polarization restricting radiation, especially light, vibrations to a single plane 4.26 remote sensing collection and interpretation of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object 4.27 resolution (of a sensor) smallest difference between indications of a sensor that can be meaningfully distinguished NOTE For imagery, resolution refers to radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions. [ISO/TS 19101-2:2008] 4.28 sensor element of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a quantity to be measured [ISO/IEC GUIDE 99:2007)] 4.29 sensor model description of the radiometric and geometric characteristics of a sensor [ISO19101-2:2008] 4.30 spectral resolution specific wavelength interval within the electromagnetic spectrum EXAMPLE Band 1 of Landsat TM lies between 0,45 and 0,52 µm in the visible part of the spectrum. 4.31 value element of a type domain oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 5[ISO/TS 19103:2005] 4.32 value domain set of accepted values [ISO/TS 19103:2005] EXAMPLE The range 3-28, all integers, any ASCII character, enumeration of all accepted values (green, blue, white). 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 5.1 Abbreviations IDL Interface Definition Language OCL Object Constraint Language UML Unified Modeling Language 5.2 UML notations The diagrams that appear in this part of ISO 19115 are presented using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) static structure diagram with the ISO Interface Definition Language (IDL) basic type definitions and the UML Object Constraint Language (OCL) as the conceptual schema language. The UML notations used in this part of ISO 19115 are described in Figure 1. AssociationAggregationCompositionGeneralizationDependency Figure 1 — UML notation oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 5.3 UML model relationships 5.3.1 Associations An association is used to describe a relationship between two or more classes. UML defines three different types of relationships, called association, aggregation and composition. The three types have different semantics. An ordinary association shall be used to represent a general relationship between two classes. The aggregation and composition associations shall be used to create part-whole relationships between two classes. The direction of an association must be specified. If the direction is not specified, it is assumed to be a two-way association. If one-way associations are intended, the direction of the association can be marked by an arrow at the end of the line. An aggregation association is a relationship between two classes in which one of the classes plays the role of container and the other plays the role of a containee. A composition association is a strong aggregation. In a composition association, if a container object is deleted, then all of its containee objects are deleted as well. The composition association shall be used when the objects representing the parts of a container object cannot exist without the container object. 5.3.2 Generalization A generalization is a relationship between a superclass and the subclasses that may be substituted for it. The superclass is the generalized class, while the subclasses are specified classes. 5.3.3 Instantiation/Dependency A dependency relationship shows that the client class depends on the supplier class/interface to provide certain services, such as: ⎯ client class accesses a value (constant or variable) defined in the supplier class/interface; ⎯ operations of the client class invoke operations of the supplier class/interface; ⎯ operations of the client class have signatures whose return class or arguments are instances of the supplier class/interface. An instantiated relationship represents the act of substituting actual values for the parameters of a parameterized class or parameterized class utility to create a specialized version of the more general item. 5.3.4 Roles If an association is navigable in a particular direction, the model shall supply a “role name” that is appropriate for the role of the target object in relation to the source object. Thus in a two-way association, two role names will be supplied. Figure 2 represents how role names and cardinalities are expressed in UML diagrams. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 7Association namenAssociation between classesAssociation cardinalityExactly oneZero or moreOptional (zero or one)Aggregation between classesOne or moreSpecific numberrole-1role-20.*0.11.*Class inheritance (subtyping of classes)Class #1Class #2ClassClassClassClassClassAggregateclassSuperclassComponentclass #1Componentclass #2Componentclass #nSubclass #1Subclass #2Subclass #n1 Figure 2 — UML roles 5.4 UML model stereotypes A UML stereotype is an extension mechanism for existing UML concepts. It is a model element that is used to classify (or mark) other UML elements so that they in some respect behave as if they were instances of new virtual or pseudo metamodel classes whose form is based on existing base metamodel classes. Stereotypes augment the classification mechanisms on the basis of the built-in UML metamodel class hierarchy. Below are brief descriptions of the stereotypes used in this part of ISO 19115. For more detailed descriptions consult ISO/TS 19103. In this part of ISO 19115 the following stereotypes are used. a) <> class used for specification of a domain of instances (objects), together with the operations applicable to the objects. A type may have attributes and associations. b) <> data type whose instances form a list of named literal values. Both the enumeration name and its literal values are declared. Enumeration means a short list of well-understood potential values within a class. c) <> a descriptor of a set of values that lack identity and whose operations do not have side effects. Datatypes include primitive pre-defined types and user-definable types. Pre-defined types include numbers, string, and time. User-definable types include enumerations. d) <> used to describe a more open enumeration. <> is a flexible enumeration. Code lists are useful for expressing a long list of potential values. If the elements of the list are completely known, an enumeration should be used; if only the likely values of the elements are known, a code list should be used. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 8 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved e) <> describes a selection of one of the specified types. This is useful to specify a set of alternative classes/types that can be used, without the need to create a common super-type/class. f) <> class (or other classifier) that cannot be directly instantiated. UML notation for this to show the name in italics. g) <> class whose instances are classes. Metaclasses are typically used in the construction of metamodels. A metaclass is an object class whose primary purpose is to hold metadata about another class. h) <> named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an element. i) <> cluster of logically related components, containing sub-packages. j) <> package that contains definitions, without any sub-packages. 6 Imagery and gridded data metadata 6.1 Metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data requirement ISO 19115 identifies the metadata required to describe digital geographic data. This part of ISO 19115 extends the metadata identified in ISO 19115 and identifies the metadata required to describe digital geospatial imagery and gridded data. ISO 19115 identifies some of the metadata for imagery and gridded data and this part of ISO 19115 builds upon that foundation. The extended metadata shall be provided for geographic images and gridded datasets which include the geospatial imagery and gridded data and may optionally be provided for aggregations of datasets. 6.2 Imagery and gridded data metadata packages 6.2.1 Introduction Figure 3 illustrates the relationships among the packages described in this part of ISO 19115 and the relevant packages specified in ISO 19115. The ISO 19115 UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each package are fully specified in ISO 19115. The additional metadata for geospatial imagery and gridded data is fully specified in the UML model diagrams and data dictionary for each additional package, which is given in Annex A and Annex B, respectively. If a discrepancy between the two annexes exists, Annex A shall be considered authoritative. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 9<>Content information - Imagery<>Content information (from ISO 19115 Metadata)<>Units of Measure (from Derived)<>Spatial representation information - Imagery<>Metadata entity set - Imagery<>Acquisition information - Imagery<>Data quality information - Imagery<>Spatial representation information (from ISO 19115 Metadata)<>Metadata entity set information(from ISO 19115 Metadata)<>Data quality information(from ISO 19115 Metadata) Figure 3 — Metadata packages To ensure global uniqueness of class names, ISO/TS 19103 requires that all class names be defined with a bi-alpha prefix that identifies the package in which the class is defined. ISO 19115 uses the prefixes MD (Metadata), CI (Citation), DQ (Data quality), EX (Extent), and LI (Lineage). To differentiate between ISO 19115 and entities of this part of ISO 19115, this part uses different prefixes. The prefixes used are MI (Metadata for imagery and gridded data), LE (Lineage extended) and QE (Data quality extended). Table 1 contains the list of package identifiers for the classes used in this part of this part of ISO 19115. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 10 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Table 1 —UML Package Identifiers Identifier Information Type Standard CI Citation ISO 19115 DQ Data Quality ISO 19115 EX Extent ISO 19115 GM Geometry ISO 19107 LE Lineage Extended ISO 19115-2 LI Lineage ISO 19115 MD Metadata ISO 19115 MI Metadata for Imagery ISO 19115-2 MX Metadata — XML schema ISO/TS 19139 QE Data quality Extended ISO 19115-2
6.2.2 Package Descriptions 6.2.2.1 Metadata Entity Set — Imagery An additional package of metadata is specified here. MI_Metadata is a specified subclass of MD_Metadata and aggregates the optional entity MI_AcquisitionInformation. This additional package is described in A.2.1. 6.2.2.2 Data quality information — Imagery The original data quality package is defined in ISO 19115 as a container of a general assessment of the quality of the dataset. In addition, the package contains information about the sources and production processes used in producing a dataset, which is of particular importance for imagery and gridded data. The data quality packages specified in this part of ISO 19115 add the following classes to those specified in ISO 19115: ⎯ QE_CoverageResult is a specified subclass of DQ_Result and aggregates information required to report data quality for a coverage. From ISO 19115, the classes MD_SpatialRepresentation, MD_CoverageDescription, and MD_Format are aggregated as a description of the coverage data quality result. In addition, an association with MX_DataFile (defined in ISO/TS 19139) provides a means to identify a complete report of the quality of the coverage; ⎯ QE_Usability is a specified subclass of DQ_Element used to provide user specific quality information about a dataset’s suitability for a particular application; ⎯ LE_ProcessStep is a specified subclass of LI_ProcessStep and contains additional information on the history of the algorithms used and processing performed to produce the data. LE_ProcessStep aggregates the following entities; ⎯ LE_Processing, describes the procedure (such as software used, parameters, and processing documentation) by which the algorithm is applied to generate the data from the source data. LE_Processing aggregates LE_Algorithm, which describes the methodology used to derive the data from the source data; ⎯ LE_ProcessStepReport identifies external information describing the processing of the data; ⎯ LE_Source, is a specified subclass of LI_Source and describes the output of a process step. oSIST ISO 19115-2:2009
ISO 19115-2:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 116.2.2.3 Spatial representation information — Imagery The spatial representation package contains information concerning the mechanisms used to represent spatial information. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that contains additional information used to support georectification of the data. MI_GeoreferencingDescription is an aggregation of the following entities: ⎯ MI_Georectified is a specified subclass of MD_Georectified that contains check point information to further specify georectification details of the imagery or gridded data. MI_Georectified aggregates MI_GCP; ⎯ MI_Georeferenceable is a specified subclass of MD_Georeferenceable that includes additional information that can be used to geolocate the data. MI_Georeferenceable aggregates MI_GeolocationInformation. 6.2.2.4 Content information — Imagery The package content information is defined in ISO 19115 and describes the content of a coverage dataset. This part of ISO 19115 expands it: ⎯ MI_Band is a specified subclass of MD_Band defining additional attributes for specifying properties of individual wavelength bands in an imagery and gridded dataset; ⎯ MI_ImageDescription is a specified subclass of MD_ImageDescription used to aggregate MI_RangeElementDescription; ⎯ MI_CoverageDescription is a specified subclass of MD_CoverageDescription used to aggregate MI_RangeElementDescription; ⎯ MI_RangeElementDescription provides identification of the range elements used in a coverage dataset. 6.2.2.5 Acquisition Information — Imagery This package is particular to this part of ISO 19115 and provides details specific to the acquisition of imagery and gridded data. MI_AcquisitionInformation is an aggregate of the following entities: ⎯ MI_Instrument, designations of the measuring instruments used to acquire the data; ⎯ MI_Operation, designations of the overall data gathering program to which the data contribute; ⎯ MI_Platform, designations of the platform from which the data were taken; ⎯ MI_Objective, the characteristics and geometry of the intended object to be observed; ⎯ MI_Requirement, the user requirements used to derive the acquisition plan; ⎯ MI_Plan, the acquisition plan that was implemented to acquire the data. Two additional classes are required to provide information on the acquisition of the data. These are: ⎯ MI_Event, describes a significant event that occurred during data acquisition. An event can be associated with an operation, objective, or platform pass, and ⎯ MI_PlatformPass, identifies a particular pass made by the platform during data acquisition. A platform pass is used to provide supporting identifying information for an event and for data acquisition of a particular objective
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19115-2
Première édition
2009-02-15
Information géographique —
Métadonnées —
Partie 2:
Extensions pour les images et
les matrices
Geographic information — Metadata —
Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
Numéro de référence
ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
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ii © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Conformité.1
2.1 Exigences de conformité.1
2.2 Profils de métadonnées.1
3 Références normatives.1
4 Termes et définitions .2
5 Symboles et abréviations .5
5.1 Abréviations.5
5.2 Notations UML .5
5.3 Relations du modèle UML.6
5.4 Stéréotypes de modèle UML .7
6 Métadonnées d'images et de matrices.8
6.1 Métadonnées pour les exigences d'images et de matrices géospatiales .8
6.2 Paquetages de métadonnées d'images et de matrices.8
6.3 Diagrammes UML .12
6.4 Dictionnaire de données.12
Annexe A (normative) Schémas de métadonnées d'images et de matrices .13
Annexe B (normative) Dictionnaire de données des métadonnées d'images et de matrices .22
Annexe C (normative) Conformité.44
Bibliographie.47
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 19115-2 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 211, Information géographique/Géomatique.
L'ISO 19115 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Information géographique —
Métadonnées:
⎯ Information géographique — Métadonnées
⎯ Partie 2: Extensions pour les images et les matrices
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Introduction
Les images et les matrices sont des sources d'informations et des produits importants utilisés dans un
environnement géospatial par les systèmes d'information géographique. La production d'images et de
matrices suit une ou plusieurs chaînes de processus commençant par les données de télédétection, les
cartes balayées, la collecte de données de terrain ou d'autres méthodes de détection, et se terminant par la
création de produits informatiques. Le processus de production a besoin d'être documenté afin d'assurer le
contrôle qualité des produits finaux. En outre, les métadonnées relatives à la géométrie du processus de
mesure et les propriétés de l'équipement de mesure ont besoin d'être conservées avec les données brutes
afin de prendre en charge le processus de production.
Dans la suite de normes ISO d'information géographique, l'ISO 19115 définit les lignes directrices permettant
de décrire les informations et services géographiques. Même si le modèle de métadonnées de l'ISO 19115
fournit certaines dispositions en matière d'images et de matrices, les exigences n'ont pas été totalement
élaborées lors de la rédaction de l'ISO 19115:2003. Pour permettre la poursuite de l'élaboration de
l'ISO 19115, l'intégration de définitions de métadonnées d'images et de matrices a été reportée tant que le
cadre de ces données n'a pas été totalement spécifié dans la suite de normes ISO d'information
géographique. De plus, d'autres normes mettant en œuvre les métadonnées d'images et de matrices ont fait
l'objet d'une étude et sont présentées dans l'ISO/TR 19121.
La présente partie de l'ISO 19115 a pour objet de fournir la structure complémentaire permettant de décrire
de manière plus détaillée l'origine des images et matrices géographiques. Cette structure est destinée à
compléter l'ISO 19115.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Information géographique — Métadonnées —
Partie 2:
Extensions pour les images et les matrices
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 19115 étend la norme existante sur les métadonnées géographiques en
définissant le schéma requis de description des images et des matrices. Elle donne des informations relatives
aux propriétés des équipements de mesure utilisés pour obtenir les données, la géométrie du processus de
mesure utilisée par ces équipements, et le processus de production utilisé pour numériser les données brutes.
Cette extension porte sur les métadonnées nécessaires pour décrire la déduction des informations
géographiques à partir de données brutes, y compris les propriétés du système de mesure, et les méthodes
numériques et procédures informatiques utilisées pour la déduction. Les métadonnées requises pour aborder
les données de couverture en général sont suffisamment abordées dans la partie générale de l'ISO 19115.
2 Conformité
2.1 Exigences de conformité
Les métadonnées doivent être fournies telles que spécifiées dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, Article 6
et Annexes A et B, et dans l'ISO 19115:2003, Article 6 et Annexes A et B.
Les extensions de métadonnées définies par l'utilisateur à la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 doivent être
définies et fournies telles que spécifiées dans l'ISO 19115:2003, Annexe C.
Toutes les métadonnées revendiquant la conformité à la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 doivent remplir les
exigences de la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, Annexe C, et la suite d'essais sommaires présentée dans
l'ISO 19115:2003, Annexe D.
2.2 Profils de métadonnées
Tous les profils conformes à la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 doivent être conformes aux règles de création
de profil présentées dans l'ISO 19115:2003, C.6.
3 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables à l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
ISO 19107:2003, Information géographique — Schéma spatial
ISO 19115:2003, Information géographique — Métadonnées
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Information géographique — Métadonnées — Mise en œuvre de schémas XML
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
4 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l'ISO 19115:2003 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
4.1
attribut
propriété relative à une entité et portant un nom
[ISO/CEI 2382-17:1999]
NOTE Décrit les caractéristiques géométriques, topologiques, thématiques ou autres d'une entité.
4.2
bande
plage de longueurs d'onde d'un rayonnement électromagnétique générant une seule réponse de la part d'un
dispositif de détection
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.3
classe
description d'un ensemble d'objets partageant les mêmes attributs, opérations, méthodes, relations et
sémantiques
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.4
couverture
entité qui agit comme une fonction en assignant des valeurs à partir de sa plage à toute position directe dans
son domaine spatial, temporel ou spatio-temporel
[ISO 19123:2005]
EXEMPLE Image matricielle, couverture de polygones, modèle numérique d'altitude.
4.5
données
représentation réinterprétable d'une information sous une forme conventionnelle convenant à la
communication, à l'interprétation ou au traitement
[ISO/CEI 2382-1:1993]
4.6
type de données
spécification d'un domaine de valeurs avec des opérations admises sur des valeurs de ce domaine
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.7
ensemble de données
collection identifiable de données
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.8
série d'ensemble de données
collection d'ensembles de données partageant la même spécification de produit
[ISO 19115:2003]
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
4.9
domaine
ensemble bien défini
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.10
événement
action qui se déroule à un instant donné
[ISO 19108:2002]
4.11
informations de géolocalisation
informations utilisées pour déterminer l'emplacement géographique de l'image
4.12
géorectifié
corrigé pour ce qui est du déplacement par rapport à la surface de la terre
4.13
géoréférencement
processus permettant de déterminer la relation entre la position des données dans les coordonnées de
l'image et son emplacement géographique ou cartographique
4.14
grille
réseau composé de deux ensembles de courbes (ou plus) dans lequel les composants de chaque ensemble
coupent les composants des autres ensembles de manière algorithmique
[ISO 19123:2005]
NOTE Les courbes fractionnent un espace en cellules.
4.15
système par coordonnées de la grille
système de coordonnées dans lequel une position est spécifiée par rapport à l'intersection de courbes
4.16
coordonnées de la grille
séquence d'au moins deux nombres indiquant une position par rapport à son emplacement sur une grille
4.17
matrice
données dont les valeurs d'attribut sont associées à des positions sur un système par coordonnées de
la grille
4.18
point d'appui
point terrestre dont la position géographique est précisément connue
4.19
image
couverture quadrillée dont les valeurs d'attribut sont une représentation numérique d'un paramètre
physique
NOTE Les paramètres physiques sont le résultat de mesurages réalisés par un capteur ou une prédiction issue d'un
modèle.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
4.20
imagerie
représentation de phénomènes sous forme d'images générées par des techniques électroniques et/ou
optiques
[ISO 19101-2:2008]
NOTE Dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, il est supposé que les objets et phénomènes ont été captés ou
détectés par une caméra, des dispositifs de balayage infrarouges et multibandes, un radar et des photomètres ou tout
autre dispositif analogue.
4.21
métadonnées
données concernant d'autres données
[ISO 19115:2003]
4.22
passe
instance unique d'un système de mesure mobile distant en fonction de la cible concernée
NOTE Dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, le système de mesure est souvent une plate-forme de télédétection.
Dans un contexte de navigation, le système de mesure peut être un satellite GPS.
4.23
pixel
plus petit élément d'une image numérique auquel des attributs sont affectés
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
NOTE Il s'agit de la plus petite unité d'affichage d'une image visible.
4.24
plate-forme
structure qui supporte un (des) capteur(s)
4.25
polarisation
limitation du rayonnement (particulièrement la lumière) et des vibrations sur un seul plan
4.26
télédétection
collecte et interprétation des informations relatives à un objet sans contact physique avec l'objet
4.27
résolution (d'un capteur)
plus petite différence entre les indications d'un capteur qu'il est possible de distinguer de manière significative
NOTE Pour l'imagerie, il s'agit de résolutions radiométriques, spectrales, spatiales et temporelles.
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008]
4.28
capteur
élément d'un système de mesure directement affecté par un phénomène, un corps ou une substance
contenant la grandeur à mesurer
[ISO/CEI Guide 99:2007]
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
4.29
modèle de capteur
description des caractéristiques radiométriques et géométriques d'un capteur
[ISO 19101-2:2008]
4.30
résolution spectrale
intervalle de longueur d'onde spécifique à l'intérieur du spectre électromagnétique
EXEMPLE La bande 1 de Landsat TM se trouve entre 0,45 µm et 0,52 µm de la partie visible du spectre.
4.31
valeur
élément d'un domaine type
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
4.32
domaine de valeur
ensemble de valeurs acceptées
[ISO/TS 19103:2005]
EXEMPLE La plage 3-28, tous les entiers, tous les caractères ASCII, l'énumération de toutes les valeurs acceptées
(vert, bleu, blanc).
5 Symboles et abréviations
5.1 Abréviations
IDL Interface Definition Language (langage de description d'interface)
OCL Object Constraint Language (langage de contrainte d'objet)
UML Unified Modeling Language (langage de modélisation unifié)
5.2 Notations UML
Les diagrammes de la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 sont présentés à l'aide du diagramme de structure
statique UML (langage de modélisation unifié) avec les définitions de type de base IDL (langage de
description d'interface) ISO et le langage OCL (langage de contrainte d'objet) UML comme langage de
schéma conceptuel. Les notations UML utilisées dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 sont décrites à la
Figure 1.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Association
Aggrégation
Composition
Généralisation
Dépendence
Figure 1 — Notation UML
5.3 Relations du modèle UML
5.3.1 Associations
Une association permet de décrire une relation entre deux classes ou davantage. Le langage UML définit trois
types différents de relation, à savoir l'association, l'agrégation et la composition. Ces trois types font l'objet
d'une sémantique différente. Une association ordinaire doit être utilisée pour représenter une relation
générale entre deux classes. Les associations d'agrégation et de composition doivent être utilisées pour créer
des relations partie-tout entre deux classes. La direction d'une association doit être spécifiée. Si elle ne l'est
pas, l'association est supposée bidirectionnelle. Si des associations unidirectionnelles sont prévues, la
direction de l'association peut être marquée par une flèche placée à la fin de la ligne.
Une association d'agrégation est une relation entre deux classes dont l'une joue le rôle de conteneur et l'autre
de contenu.
Une association de composition est une agrégation forte. Dans une association de composition, si un objet
conteneur est supprimé, tous les objets contenus le sont également. L'association de composition doit être
utilisée lorsque les objets représentant les parties d'un objet conteneur ne peuvent pas exister sans l'objet
conteneur.
5.3.2 Généralisation
Une généralisation est une relation entre une superclasse et les sous-classes qu'elle peut remplacer. La
superclasse est la classe généralisée; les sous-classes sont les classes spécifiées.
5.3.3 Instanciation/dépendance
Une relation de dépendance indique que la classe client dépend de la classe/l'interface du fournisseur pour
fournir certains services, tels que les suivants:
⎯ la classe client accède à une valeur (constante ou variable) définie dans la classe/l'interface du
fournisseur;
⎯ les opérations de la classe client appellent celles de la classe/l'interface du fournisseur;
⎯ les opérations de la classe client disposent de signatures dont la classe ou les arguments de retour sont
des instances de la classe/l'interface du fournisseur.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Une relation instanciée représente l'acte de substitution de valeurs réelles des paramètres d'une classe
paramétrée ou d'un utilitaire de classe paramétrée, afin de créer une version spécialisée de l'élément le plus
général.
5.3.4 Rôles
Si une association est navigable dans une direction donnée, le modèle doit fournir un «nom de rôle»
approprié au rôle de l'objet cible en rapport avec l'objet source. Par conséquent, dans une association
bidirectionnelle, deux noms de rôle sont fournis. La Figure 2 illustre la manière dont les noms de rôle et les
cardinalités sont exprimés dans des diagrammes UML.
Association entre classes
Nom d’association
Classe #1 Classe #2
Rôle-1 Rôle-2
Cardinalité d’association
1.*
1
Classe Exactement une Classe Une ou plus
n
0.*
Classe Classe
Aucune ou plus Nombre spécifique
0.1
Classe Facultatif (aucune ou une)
Héritage de classe (sous-type de classes)
Agrégation entre classes
Classe
Superclasse
d’agrégat
Classe de Classe de Classe de
Sous-classe #1 Sous-classe #2 Sous-classe #n
composant #1 composant #2 composant #n
Figure 2 — Rôles UML
5.4 Stéréotypes de modèle UML
Un stéréotype UML est un mécanisme d'extension pour les concepts UML existants. Il s'agit d'un élément de
modèle utilisé pour classer (ou marquer) d'autres éléments UML de sorte qu'ils se comportent, à certains
égards, comme des instances de nouvelles classes virtuelles ou pseudo-classes de métamodèle dont la
forme repose sur des classes de métamodèle de base existantes. Les stéréotypes complètent les
mécanismes de classification sur la base de la hiérarchie de classes de métamodèle UML intégrées. Ci-après
est donnée une description abrégée des stéréotypes utilisés dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115. Pour
obtenir des descriptions plus détaillées, voir l'ISO/TS 19103.
Dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, les stéréotypes suivants sont utilisés.
a) Classe <> pour la spécification d'un domaine d'instances (objets), accompagnée des opérations
applicables aux objets. Un type peut être doté d'attributs et d'associations.
b) Type de données <> dont les instances forment une liste de valeurs littérales désignées.
Le nom de l'énumération et de ses variables littérales est déclaré. L'énumération désigne une petite liste
de valeurs potentielles bien définies dans une classe.
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
c) <>, un descripteur d'un ensemble de valeurs dépourvu d'identité et dont les opérations
n'engendrent pas d'effets collatéraux. Les types de données incluent des types de primitives prédéfinies
et des types pouvant être définis par l'utilisateur. Les types prédéfinis incluent les nombres, les chaînes et
le temps. Les types pouvant être définis par l'utilisateur incluent les énumérations.
d) <> utilisé pour décrire une énumération plus ouverte. <> est une énumération
flexible. Les listes de codes permettent d'exprimer une longue liste de valeurs potentielles. Si les
éléments de la liste sont totalement connus, il convient d'utiliser une énumération; si seules les valeurs
probables des éléments sont connues, il convient d'utiliser une liste de codes.
e) <> décrit une sélection de l'un des types spécifiés. Elle permet de spécifier un autre ensemble de
classes/types qu'il est possible d'utiliser, sans créer un supertype/une classe commun(e).
f) Classe <> (ou autre classificateur) qui ne peut pas être directement instanciée. La notation
UML de cette classe est présentée en italique.
g) <>, classe dont les instances sont des classes. Les métaclasses sont en général utilisées
pour la construction de métamodèles. Une métaclasse est une classe d'objet dont le principal objectif est
de traiter les métadonnées relatives à une autre classe.
h) Ensemble nommé d'opérations <> caractérisant le comportement d'un élément.
i) Cluster <> de composants liés de manière logique, contenant des sous-paquetages.
j) Paquetage <> contenant des définitions, sans sous-paquetages.
6 Métadonnées d'images et de matrices
6.1 Métadonnées pour les exigences d'images et de matrices géospatiales
L'ISO 19115 identifie les métadonnées nécessaires à la description des données géographiques numériques.
La présente partie de l'ISO 19115 étend les métadonnées identifiées dans l'ISO 19115 ainsi que les
métadonnées nécessaires à la description des images et matrices géospatiales numériques. L'ISO 19115
identifie certaines métadonnées d'images et de matrices sur lesquelles repose la présente partie de
l'ISO 19115. Les métadonnées étendues doivent être fournies pour les ensembles de données d'images et de
matrices géographiques contenant les images et matrices géospatiales, et peuvent éventuellement être
fournies pour les agrégations d'ensembles de données.
6.2 Paquetages de métadonnées d'images et de matrices
6.2.1 Introduction
La Figure 3 illustre les relations qu'entretiennent les paquetages décrits dans la présente partie de
l'ISO 19115 et les paquetages correspondants de l'ISO 19115. Les diagrammes du modèle UML et le
dictionnaire de données de chaque paquetage de l'ISO 19115 sont intégralement spécifiés dans l'ISO 19115.
Les métadonnées supplémentaires des images et matrices géospatiales sont intégralement spécifiées dans
les diagrammes du modèle UML et le dictionnaire de données de chaque paquetage supplémentaire, donnés
respectivement dans l'Annexe A et l'Annexe B. En cas de divergence entre les deux annexes, l'Annexe A doit
faire autorité.
8 © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
<>
Informations de contenu -
images
<> <>
Informations de contenu Unités de mesure
(de Déduite)
(des métadonnées
ISO 19115)
<>
<>
Informations de représentation
Informations sur la
<>
spatiale (des métadonnées
qualité des données
Informations d’ensemble de
ISO 19115)
(des métadonnées
métadonnées
ISO 19115)
(des métadonnées ISO 19115)
<>
Ensemble d’entités de
métadonnées - Images
<>
Informations de représentation
spatiale - Imagerie
<> <>
Informations d’acquisition Informations sur la qualité
- Images des données - Images
Figure 3 — Paquetages de métadonnées
Pour garantir le caractère unique global des noms de classe, l'ISO/TS 19103 demande de définir tous les
noms de classe avec un préfixe bi-alpha identifiant le paquetage dans lequel la classe est définie.
L'ISO 19115 utilise les préfixes MD (Métadonnées), CI (Citation), DQ (Qualité des données), EX (Étendue) et
LI (Lignée). Pour distinguer l'ISO 19115 des entités de la présente partie de l'ISO 19115, cette dernière utilise
des préfixes différents. Les préfixes utilisés sont MI (Métadonnées d'images et matrices), LE (Lignée étendue)
et QE (Qualité des données étendues). Le Tableau 1 contient la liste des identificateurs de paquetage des
classes utilisées dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115.
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés 9
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ISO 19115-2:2009(F)
Tableau 1 — Identificateurs de paquetage UML
Identificateur Type d'informations Norme
CI Citation ISO 19115
DQ Qualité des données ISO 19115
EX Étendue ISO 19115
GM Géométrie ISO 19107
LE Lignée étendue ISO 19115-2
LI Lignée ISO 19115
MD Métadonnées ISO 19115
MI Métadonnées d'images ISO 19115-2
MX Métadonnées — Schéma XML ISO/TS 19139
QE Qualité des données étendues ISO 19115-2
6.2.2 Descriptions de paquetage
6.2.2.1 Ensemble d'entités de métadonnées — Images
Un paquetage supplémentaire de métadonnées est spécifié ici. MI_Metadata est une sous-classe spécifiée de
MD_Metadata et permet d'agréger l'entité facultative MI_AcquisitionInformation. Ce paquetage
supplémentaire est décrit en A.2.1.
6.2.2.2 Informations sur la qualité des données — Images
Le paquetage de qualité des données d'origine est défini dans l'ISO 19115 comme un conteneur d'évaluation
générale de la qualité de l'ensemble de données. De plus, le paquetage contient des informations relatives
aux sources et processus de production utilisés pour générer un ensemble de données, ce qui revêt une
importance particulière pour les images et les matrices. Les paquetages de qualité des données spécifiés
dans la présente partie de l'ISO 19115 ajoutent les classes suivantes à celles spécifiées dans l'ISO 19115:
⎯ QE_CoverageResult est une sous-classe spécifiée de DQ_Result et permet d'agréger les informations
requises pour générer un rapport sur la qualité des données d'une couverture. Dans l'ISO 19115, les
classes MD_SpatialRepresentation, MD_CoverageDescription et MD_Format sont agrégées en tant que
description du résultat de la qualité des données de couverture. De plus, une association avec
MX_DataFile (définie dans l'ISO/TS 19139) permet d'identifier un rapport complet de la qualité de la
couverture;
⎯ QE_Usability est une sous-classe spécifiée de DQ_Element utilisée pour donner à l'utilisateur des
informations spécifiques de qualité relatives à la pertinence d'un ensemble de données pour une
application particulière;
⎯ LE_ProcessStep est une sous-classe spécifiée de LI_ProcessStep contenant des informations
supplémentaires re
...
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