ISO 20474-4:2017

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders

ISO 20474-4:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-4:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-4:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

Engins de terrassement — Sécurité — Partie 4: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jul-2017
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Parallel Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 15 - Machinery for forestry
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 06-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 20474-4:2008 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders
• Effective Date: 03-Nov-2011

Overview

ISO 20474-4:2017 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders specifies safety requirements that are specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders (as defined in ISO 6165). It is a type-C standard intended to be used together with ISO 20474‑1:2017 (general requirements); where the two differ, the specific provisions of ISO 20474‑4 take precedence. The standard addresses significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance, and it defines technical measures to eliminate or reduce those risks. ISO 20474‑4:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before its publication date.

Key topics and technical requirements

The standard focuses on safety-critical areas for backhoe loaders and includes:

• Operator’s station
  • Minimum cab space envelope (e.g., cab height above the SIP with retractable rear window ≥ 920 mm).
  • Operator controls and alternative operator positions requirements, including braking/steering controls at alternative positions.
  • Operator seat vibration requirements in accordance with ISO 7096:2000, input spectral class EM5 (and EM8 for compact backhoe loaders).
• Warning devices
  • Audible and visual warnings for outriggers and travel engagement; sound level requirement of ≥ 93 dB(A) measured at 7 m from the backhoe swing centre to the rear.
  • Operator must be able to activate warnings from the backhoe operation position.
• Stability and rated operating capacity
  • Determination of rated capacities for loader and backhoe portions, including bucket, fork and log‑handling applications.
  • Loader bucket capacities per ISO 14397‑1 and volumetric ratings per ISO 7546.
  • Fork application stability factors (example: rated load as percentage of tipping load - 60% rough terrain, 80% firm and level ground; crawler backhoe loaders limited to 35% of tipping load for some assessments).
  • Log handling stability factors (wheeled: 75% rough, 85% firm; crawler: 50% rough, 60% firm).
• Testing and annexes
  • Annex A: normative test method for backhoe lift capacity at the backhoe portion.
  • Annex B: informative illustrations to support interpretation.

Practical applications - who uses this standard

ISO 20474‑4:2017 is primarily used by:

• Backhoe loader manufacturers and design engineers for machine design and safety integration.
• Safety and compliance teams for risk assessments, conformity checks and CE marking activities.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies to verify rated capacities, stability and warning device performance.
• Fleet owners, procurement and maintenance managers to specify safe equipment and maintenance procedures.
• Regulatory authorities and inspectors as a reference for national/regional safety expectations (note: local regulations may impose additional requirements).

Related standards

• ISO 20474‑1:2017 (General requirements for earth‑moving machinery)
• ISO 6165 (Machine types and definitions)
• ISO 14397‑1 / ISO 14397‑2 (Rated operating capacity and test methods)
• ISO 7546, ISO 7096, ISO 2330 and others cited as normative references

Keywords: ISO 20474-4:2017, backhoe loaders safety, earth-moving machinery, operator’s station, stability, rated operating capacity, warning devices, ISO standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20474-4
Second edition
2017-07
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 4:
Requirements for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement — Sécurité —
Partie 4: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Operator’s station . 3
4.2.1 Minimum space envelope . 3
4.2.2 Operator’s controls . 3
4.2.3 Operator’s seat . 3
4.3 Warning devices . 3
4.4 Stability . 3
4.4.1 General. 3
4.4.2 Loader portion . 4
4.4.3 Backhoe portion . 6
4.5 Travelling and transportation . 7
5 Information for use . 7
Annex A (normative) Test method for backhoe loader lift capacity at the backhoe portion .8
Annex B (informative) Illustrations.11
Bibliography .13
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20474-4:2008), which has been
technically revised with the following changes:
— normative references have been updated;
— references to national and regional provisions in the withdrawn ISO/TS 20474-14 have been deleted;
— new safety requirements and protective measures have been added.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20474 series, published under the general title, Earth-moving machinery —
Safety, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
ISO 20474 provides acceptable safety requirements for earth-moving machinery. This standard does
not necessarily provide requirements to meet all national and regional regulatory provisions, e.g. Japan
does not allow object handling with earth-moving machinery.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20474-4:2017(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 4:
Requirements for backhoe loaders
1 Scope
This document gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders as
defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general
safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements
given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-
moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under
conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical
measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or
events during commissioning, operation and maintenance.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 7451, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic
excavators and backhoe loaders
ISO 7546, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings
ISO 8643, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control
device — Requirements and tests
ISO 9248, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their
measurement accuracies
ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of rated
operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
ISO 14397-2, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test method for
measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
ISO 20474-1:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1, ISO 6165 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
backhoe loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted
equipment and rear-mounted backhoe equipment (normally with outriggers or stabilizers)
Note 1 to entry: When used in the backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level.
Note 2 to entry: When used in the loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motion.
Note 3 to entry: A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging of
material. A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging of material.
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 4.3]
3.2
compact backhoe loader
backhoe loader (3.1) with an operating mass in accordance with ISO 6016 of 4 500 kg or less, designed
to work in limited spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability
3.3
hydraulic lift capacity
maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in horizontal position limited by the
hydraulic circuit working pressure as defined in ISO 14397-2
3.4
anchorage point
vertical point below the lifting device where the load force is applied or transposed
3.5
hydraulic holding circuit pressure load
maximum static pressure in a specific circuit, limited by a relief valve at a flow no greater than 10 % of
rated circuit flow
3.6
tipping load
static load at the balance point
3.7
hydraulic lift capacity
maximum load that can be lifted at the bucket hinge pin with any hydraulic circuit activated, limited by
the working circuit hydraulic pressure
3.8
lift point radius
horizontal distance between the bucket hinge pin and the swing pivot centre
3.9
balance point
point at which the moment acting to overturn the machine with a specific load and lift point radius is
equal to the moment of the machine available to resist overturning
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

3.10
overturning moment
moment when the balance point is reached
3.11
test force
force applied to the load cell either by the test weight or by applying hydraulic means
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 General
Backhoe loaders shall comply with the safety requirements and protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in
as far as those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause.
4.2 Operator’s station
4.2.1 Minimum space envelope
On backhoe loaders with a retractable rear window, the cab height above the SIP (seat index point) shall
not be less than 920 mm, measured with the window retracted into the cab.
4.2.2 Operator’s controls
ISO 20474-1:2017, 4.5 applies with the following additions.
— On backhoe loaders equipped with outriggers, an acoustic and visual warning device shall warn the
operator when the travel control is engaged and the outriggers are not in the transp
...